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1. What were the main causes of the French Revolution?
Ans. The main causes of the French Revolution were social inequality, financial crisis, and political corruption. The French society was divided into three estates, with the Third Estate (commoners) bearing the majority of the tax burden while the nobility and clergy enjoyed privileges. The government's financial mismanagement and extravagant spending also contributed to the growing discontent among the people.
2. How did the French Revolution impact France's political landscape?
Ans. The French Revolution led to the overthrow of the monarchy and the establishment of a republic. It resulted in the Reign of Terror, where thousands of people were executed, including King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette. The revolution also saw the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte, who eventually became the Emperor of France.
3. What role did the Enlightenment play in the French Revolution?
Ans. The Enlightenment ideas of liberty, equality, and fraternity inspired the revolutionaries to challenge the traditional authority of the monarchy and the church. Philosophers like Voltaire, Rousseau, and Montesquieu promoted ideas of democracy, human rights, and separation of powers, which influenced the revolutionary leaders and the people.
4. How did the French Revolution impact other countries in Europe?
Ans. The French Revolution had a significant impact on other countries in Europe, as it inspired nationalist movements and revolutions in various nations. The revolutionary ideas of liberty and equality spread across Europe, leading to the overthrow of monarchies and the establishment of republics in some countries.
5. What were the long-term consequences of the French Revolution?
Ans. The French Revolution had long-term consequences, including the spread of democratic ideals, the end of feudalism, and the rise of nationalism. It also paved the way for modern political systems and ideologies, such as liberalism, socialism, and nationalism. The revolution fundamentally changed the social, political, and cultural landscape of France and Europe.
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