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Glossary and Important Information - Drainage | Social Studies (SST) Class 9 PDF Download

  1. Drainage - A flowing water system from the higher to the lower level.
  2. River – A natural stream of flowing water from a mountain/ lake/ spring to the sea, lake, or another water body.
  3. Lake – A deep and vast depression on the earth's surface filled with water.
  4. Dendritic Pattern – The stream and its tributaries resemble the branches of trees.Dendritic PatternDendritic Pattern
  5. Trellis Pattern – The tributaries were joining the mainstream at the right angles.
  6. Radial Pattern–the streams flowing in different directions from a central peak.
  7. Centrifugal Pattern - Streams emerging from all sides towards the central depression.
  8. Perennial Rivers - Rivers that flow throughout the year.
  9. Tributary – A smaller stream or river that flows into a larger river.
  10. Distributary - A channel which branches off from the main river and carries away a part of its water.
    Question for Glossary and Important Information - Drainage
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    Which pattern of drainage resembles the branches of trees?
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  11. Meanders – Winding sections or loops of river that swing from side to side as it flows over a level tract normally along its lower course.MeandersMeanders
  12. Delta - A more or less triangular and level tract of alluvium formed at the mouth of a river entering a relatively quiet body of water.
  13. Estuary – Tidal mouth of a river where sweet and salty waters freely mix.
  14. Source of the River – The place where the river originates.
  15. Mouth of the river – The place where the river empties itself into the sea or the lake.
  16. River valley – The path followed by the river to its mouth.
  17. Drainage Basin – The entire area in which the river and its tributaries flow.
  18. Water divide or watershed – The higher area separating two drainage basins.
  19. Catchment area – The upland area from which the river draws its water.
  20. The Indus River System - It rises in Tibet (near the lake Mansarovar).
    Features: Gentle slope, one of the longest rivers in the world. Indus basin –in Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, and Pakistan.
    Question for Glossary and Important Information - Drainage
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    What is the term used to describe the place where a river originates?
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  21. The Ganga River System - Headwaters of Ganga-Bhagirathi (source –Gangotri Glacier) and Alaknanda (source –Alkapuri Glacier) join at Devprayag.
  22. The Brahmaputra Basin–It rises in Tibet east of Lake Mansarovar Features: longer course, in Tibet there is less volume of water, and less silt as it is a cold, dry area. In India, the river passes through a region of heavy rainfall, carries large amounts of water and a lot of silt (layer of fine particles, carried and deposited by rivers). The Brahmaputra BasinThe Brahmaputra Basin
  23. The Narmada Basin –Rises in Amarkantak hills in Madhya Pradesh.Features: It flows in a rift valley (trough), and drains into the Gulf of Khambhat by an estuary (a funnel-shaped mouth of a river, river joins the sea directly without depositing the silt) 
  24. The Tapi Basin – It rises in Satpurarange in Madhya Pradesh. Flows in Rift Valley parallel to Narmada basin-Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, and Maharashtra.
  25. The Godavari Basin – It rises from the slope of the Western Ghats in Nasik. Largest peninsular river. Basin –Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh. It is commonly referred to as the Dakshin Ganga due to its length and the area it covers.
  26. The Mahanadi Basin – It rises in the hills of Chhattisgarh. Drainage basin –Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Orissa.
  27. The Krishna Basin – It rises from the spring in Mahabaleshwar. Basin –Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh
  28. The Kaveri Basin – It rises in the Brahmagiri range in the Western Ghats. Basin –Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu.
  29. Gorge – A narrow steep-sided valley formed by the erosive action of a river cutting through hard rock.
  30. V-shaped valleys – They are formed in areas of sufficient rainfall where the rocks are not hard. Down cutting, and side cutting is done simultaneously.
    Question for Glossary and Important Information - Drainage
    Try yourself:
    Which river is commonly referred to as the Dakshin Ganga?
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  31. Waterfalls – When the river cascades vertically from a significant height along its course, it forms waterfalls.WaterfallsWaterfalls
  32. Alluvial plains - It is a fan-shaped deposit formed where a fast-flowing stream flattens, slows, and spreads typically at the exit of a canyon onto a flatter plain.
  33. Floodplain – The flat land next to a river that is prone to flooding during heavy rains."
  34. Braided Channels – Streams that split into multiple paths and rejoin, often due to varying water levels and sediment deposits. 
    Question for Glossary and Important Information - Drainage
    Try yourself:
    Which landform is formed when a fast-flowing stream flattens, slows, and spreads typically at the exit of a canyon onto a flatter plain?
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FAQs on Glossary and Important Information - Drainage - Social Studies (SST) Class 9

1. क्या जल निकासी वर्ग 9 में महत्वपूर्ण है?
Ans. हां, जल निकासी वर्ग 9 में महत्वपूर्ण है क्योंकि यह भूमि और जल प्रबंधन के लिए आवश्यक है। यह मिट्टी की नमी, फसल उत्पादन, और पर्यावरण संरक्षण में मदद करता है।
2. जल निकासी की प्रक्रिया क्या है?
Ans. जल निकासी की प्रक्रिया में पानी को एक स्थान से दूसरे स्थान पर स्थानांतरित करना शामिल है, ताकि भूमि के ओवरफ्लो या जल भराव से बचा जा सके। इसमें नदियों, नालों और जल निकासी पाइपों का उपयोग किया जाता है।
3. जल निकासी की विभिन्न श्रेणियाँ क्या हैं?
Ans. जल निकासी की प्रमुख श्रेणियाँ सतही जल निकासी, भूमिगत जल निकासी, और शहरी जल निकासी हैं। प्रत्येक श्रेणी का उपयोग विभिन्न स्थितियों में किया जाता है।
4. जल निकासी के लाभ क्या हैं?
Ans. जल निकासी के कई लाभ हैं, जैसे कि भूमि की उपजाऊता में सुधार, फसल की बीमारियों का नियंत्रण, जल संरक्षण, और बाढ़ के जोखिम को कम करना।
5. जल निकासी के लिए कौन से उपकरणों का उपयोग किया जाता है?
Ans. जल निकासी के लिए विभिन्न उपकरणों का उपयोग किया जाता है, जैसे कि ड्रेनेज पाइप, पंप, और जल निकासी चैनल। ये उपकरण जल को सही दिशा में प्रवाहित करने में मदद करते हैं।
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