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H-Bonding: Dipole-Dipole & van der waals Interaction Video Lecture | Crash Course for IIT JAM Chemistry

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FAQs on H-Bonding: Dipole-Dipole & van der waals Interaction Video Lecture - Crash Course for IIT JAM Chemistry

1. What is H-bonding?
Ans. H-bonding, also known as hydrogen bonding, is a type of chemical bond that occurs between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom such as oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine. It is a dipole-dipole interaction, where the hydrogen atom acts as the positive end of the dipole and the electronegative atom acts as the negative end. This bonding is crucial in many biological and chemical processes.
2. What is the difference between dipole-dipole interaction and Vanderwaal's interaction?
Ans. Dipole-dipole interaction is a force of attraction between the positive end of one polar molecule and the negative end of another polar molecule. It occurs due to the difference in electronegativity between atoms, resulting in a permanent dipole moment. Vanderwaal's interaction, on the other hand, is a weak force of attraction between non-polar molecules caused by temporary fluctuations in electron distribution. It is also known as London dispersion forces.
3. How does H-bonding affect the properties of substances?
Ans. H-bonding has several effects on the properties of substances. It increases the boiling and melting points of compounds as it requires more energy to break the hydrogen bonds. It also affects the solubility of substances, as compounds with H-bonding capabilities can form stronger interactions with polar solvents. Furthermore, H-bonding influences the viscosity, surface tension, and chemical reactivity of substances.
4. Which elements are commonly involved in H-bonding?
Ans. The most common elements involved in H-bonding are hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and fluorine. Hydrogen atoms form H-bonds with electronegative atoms, such as the oxygen atom in water (H2O) or the nitrogen atom in ammonia (NH3). These elements have high electronegativity and the ability to form strong dipole-dipole interactions.
5. How does H-bonding contribute to the structure of biomolecules?
Ans. H-bonding plays a crucial role in the structure of biomolecules such as proteins and DNA. In proteins, H-bonds form between different amino acid residues, stabilizing the secondary and tertiary structures. In DNA, H-bonds occur between complementary base pairs (adenine-thymine, guanine-cytosine), holding the double helix structure together. These H-bonds are essential for the stability and function of biomolecules.
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