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Needed a Document for how a major policy decision taken??

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HOW IS A MAJOR POLICY DECISION TAKEN?

Pensions, signed the Order. It was quite short, barely one page. It looked like any ordinary circular or notice that you may have seen in school. The government issues hundreds of orders every day on different matters. But this one was very important and became a source of controversy for several years. Let us see how the decision was taken andwhat happened later. A Government Order

On August 13, 1990, the Government of India issued an Order. It was called an Office Memorandum. Like all government orders, it had a number and is known by that: O. M. No. 36012/31/90-Est (SCT), dated 13.8.1990. The Joint Secretary, an officer in the Department of Personnel and Training in the Ministry of

Personnel, Public Grievances and This Order announced a major policy decision. It said that 27 per cent of the vacancies in civil posts and services under the Government of India are reserved for the Socially and Economically Backward Classes (SEBC). SEBC is another name for all those people who belong to castes that are considered backward by the government. The benefit of job reservation was till then available only to Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. Now a new third category called SEBC was introduced. Only persons who belong to backward castes were eligible for this quota of 27 per cent jobs. Others could not compete for these jobs.

The Decision Makers Who decided to issue this Memorandum? Clearly, such a big decision could not have been taken by the person who signed that document. The officer was merely implementing the instructions given by the Minister of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, of which the Department was a part. We can guess that such a major decision would have involved other major functionaries in our country. You have already read in the previous class about some of them. Let us go over some of the main points that you covered then.

1. President is the head of the state and is the highest formal authority in the country.

2. Prime Minister is the head of the government and actually exercises all governmental powers. He takes most of the decisions in the Cabinet meetings.

3. Parliament consists of two Houses, Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. The Prime Minister must have the support of a majority of Lok Sabha members.

Need for Political Institutions

We have seen one example of how the government works. Governing a country involves various such activities. For example, the government is responsible for ensuring security to the citizens and providing facilities for education and health to all. It collects taxes and spends the money thus raised on administration, defence and development programmes. It formulates and implements several welfare schemes. Some persons have to take decisions on how to goabout these activities. Others have to implement these decisions. If disputes arise on these decisions or in their implementation, there should be some one to determine what is right and what is wrong. It is important that everyone should know who is responsible for doing what. It is also important that these activities keep taking place even if the persons in key positions change.

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1. How is a major policy decision taken?
Ans. A major policy decision is usually taken through a systematic process involving multiple steps. It begins with identifying the need for a new policy or the amendment of an existing one. This is followed by conducting research, gathering relevant data, and analyzing the potential impacts of the decision. Stakeholder consultations and public feedback are often sought to ensure inclusivity and transparency. Finally, the decision is made by the appropriate authorities, such as government officials or elected representatives, after considering all the available information and factors involved.
2. What factors are considered when making a major policy decision?
Ans. Several factors are considered when making a major policy decision. These may include the current socio-economic and political situation, the needs and demands of the population, the potential impacts on various stakeholders, available resources, legal and ethical considerations, and the long-term sustainability of the decision. The decision-makers also take into account expert opinions, research findings, and historical data to make informed choices.
3. How does stakeholder consultation influence major policy decisions?
Ans. Stakeholder consultation plays a crucial role in major policy decisions. It involves engaging with individuals, groups, or organizations who are directly or indirectly affected by the proposed decision. The input and feedback gathered during these consultations help decision-makers understand different perspectives, identify potential challenges, and consider alternative solutions. Inclusion of stakeholders ensures that the policy reflects the interests and concerns of those who will be impacted, leading to more effective and fair decision-making.
4. How does public feedback contribute to major policy decisions?
Ans. Public feedback is an essential component of major policy decisions as it allows decision-makers to gauge public opinion, concerns, and preferences. It provides an opportunity for the general public to express their views and contribute to the decision-making process. Public feedback can be collected through surveys, public hearings, town hall meetings, online platforms, or any other means of communication. Decision-makers consider this feedback while finalizing policies to ensure that they align with the needs and aspirations of the public.
5. How does transparency play a role in major policy decisions?
Ans. Transparency is crucial in major policy decisions as it ensures accountability, fairness, and trust in the decision-making process. By making the decision-making process transparent, decision-makers provide opportunities for public scrutiny, encourage open dialogue, and promote the involvement of various stakeholders. Transparency helps prevent corruption, favoritism, or biases in decision-making and allows the public to understand the rationale behind the policy. It also enables the public to hold decision-makers accountable for their actions and ensures that policies are implemented in a just and responsible manner.
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