Human Geography: Nature And Scope: Source Based Type Questions | Geography Class 12 - Humanities/Arts PDF Download

Case: I
Read the case Study given below and answer the questions that follow:

The process of adaptation, adjustment with and modification of the environment started with the appearance of human beings over the surface of the earth in different ecological niches. Thus, if we imagine the beginning of human geography with the interaction of environment and human beings, it has its roots deep in history. Thus, the concerns of human geography have a long temporal continuum though the approaches to articulate them have changed over time. This dynamism in approaches and thrusts shows the vibrant nature of the discipline. Earlier there was little interaction between different societies and the knowledge about each other was limited. Travellers and explorers used to disseminate information about the areas of their visits. Navigational skills were not developed and voyages were fraught with dangers. The late fifteenth century witnessed attempts of explorations in Europe and slowly the myths and mysteries about countries and people started to open up. The colonial period provided impetus to further explorations in order to access the resources of the regions and to obtain inventorised information. The intention here is not to present an in-depth historical account but to make you aware of the processes of steady development of human geography.

Question 1: If we imagine the beginning of human geography with the interaction of environment and human beings, it has its roots deep in _________ .
(a) History
(b) Political Science
(c) Economics
(d) None of These

Correct answer is option (a)
If we imagine the beginning of human geography with the interaction of environment and human beings, it has its roots deep in history. Thus, the concerns of human geography have a long temporal continuum though the approaches to articulate them have changed over time.

Question 2: The process of adaptation, adjustment with and modification of the environment started with the appearance of human beings over the surface of the earth in different:

(a) ecological niches
(b) ecological cliché
(c) ecological balance
(d) None of these 

Correct answer is option (a)
The process of adaptation, adjustment with and modification of the environment started with the appearance of human beings over the surface of the earth in different ecological niches. Thus, if we imagine the beginning of human geography with the interaction of environment and human beings, it has its roots deep in history.

Question 3: What did the travellers and explorers used to do about the areas of their visits?

(a) ignore information
(b) discard information
(c) disseminate information
(d) maintain no records

Correct answer is option (c)
Information dissemination is the means by which facts are distributed to the public at large. Traditional and social media represent the two general form by which humans disseminate information in contemporary society. Traditional media include phones, television, oral communication and print publications.

Question 4: Which period provided impetus to further explorations in order to access the resources of the regions and to obtain inventoried information?

(a) Elizabethan
(b) colonial
(c) colloquial
(d) dark

Correct answer is option (b)
The colonial period provided impetus, momentum to further explorations in order to access the resources of the regions and to obtain inventoried information.

Case: II

Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:

Winters in the town of Trondheim mean fierce winds and heavy snow. The skies are dark for months. Kari drives to work in the dark at 8 am. She has special tyres for the winter and keeps the headlights of her powerful car switched on. Her office is artificially heated at a comfortable 23 degrees Celsius. The campus of the university she works in is built under a huge glass dome. This dome keeps the snow out in winter and lets in the sunshine in the summer. The temperature is controlled carefully and there is adequate lighting. Even though fresh vegetables and plants don’t grow in such harsh weather, Kari keeps an orchid on her desk and enjoys eating tropical fruits like banana and kiwi. These are flown in from warmer areas regularly. With a click of the mouse, Kari can network with colleagues in New Delhi. She frequently takes a morning flight to London and returns in the evening in time to watch her favourite television serial. Though Kari is fiftyeight years old, she is fitter and looks younger than many thirty year old in other parts of the world.

Question 1: What is the shape of the university campus? 
(a) Bell shaped

(b) Pyramid shaped

(c) Dome shaped

(d) Cone shaped

Correct answer is option (c)
A dome is a curved formation or structure. It is shaped like half of a sphere.

Question 2: How old is Kari?
(a) 23
(b) 32
(c) 46
(d) 58

Correct answer is option (d)
Kari was 58 years old.

Question 3: When do fierce winds blow in Trondheim?
(a) Summers
(b) Winters
(c) Monsoons
(d) All the year round 

Correct answer is option (b)
Fierce winds blow in Trondheim during winter season.

Question 4: Which of these fruits does Kari likes to eat?
(a) Kiwi
(b) Dragon fruit
(c) Apple
(d) Mango

Correct answer is option (a)
Kari like to eat Kiwi.

Case: III

Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:

The Naturalisation of Humans

Benda lives in the wilds of the Abujh Maad area of central India. His village consists of three huts deep in the wilds. Not even birds or stray dogs that usually crowd villages can be seen in these areas. Wearing a small loin cloth and armed with his axe, he slowly surveys the penda (forest) where his tribe practices a primitive form of agriculture called shifting cultivation. Benda and his friends burn small patches of forest to clear them for cultivation. The ash is used for making the soil fertile. Benda is happy that the Mahua trees around him are in bloom. How lucky I am to be a part of this beautiful universe, he thinks as he looks up to see the Mahua, Palash and Sal trees that have sheltered him since childhood. Crossing the penda in a gliding motion, Benda makes his way to a stream. As he bends down to scoop up a palmful of water, he remembers to thank Loi-Lugi, the spirit of the forest for allowing him to quench his thirst. Moving on with his friends, Benda chews on succulent leaves and roots. The boys have been trying to collect Gajjhara and Kuchla, from the forest. These are special plants that Benda and his people use. He hopes the spirits of the forest will be kind and lead him to these herbs. These are needed to barter in the madhai or tribal fair coming up the next full moon. He closes his eyes and tries hard to recall what the elders had taught him about these herbs and the places they are found in. He wishes he had listened more carefully. Suddenly there is a rustling of leaves. Benda and his friends know it is the outsiders who have come searching for them in the wilds. In a single fluid motion Benda and his friends disappear behind the thick canopy of trees and become one with the spirit of the forest.

Question 1: What have the boys been trying to collect from the forest? 
(a) Sal
(b) Mahua
(c) Palash
(d) Gajjhara

Correct answer is option (d)
The boys have been trying to collect Gajjhara and Kuchla, from the forest.

Question 2: Who does he believe will lead them to the herbs?
(a) Spirits of trees
(b) Spirits of medicine
(c) Spirits of forest
(d) Spirits of ancestors

Correct answer is option (c)

He believes in the Spirits of the forest.

Question 3: Where is Abujh Maad area?
(a) Eastern India
(b) Western India
(c) Central India
(d) North-eastern India

Correct answer is option (c)
Abujh Maad is area of central India.

Question 4: What is the name of the spirit of the forest?
(a) Loi- Lugi
(b) Chi-Mini
(c) Gajjhara- Kuchla
(d) Benda- Benda 

Correct answer is option (a)
The name of the spirit of the forest is  Loi- Lugi

Question 5: Which of these is the local word for forest? 
(a) Benda
(b) Penda
(c) Loi-Lugi
(d) Madhai

Correct answer is option (b)
The Local word for the forest is Penda.

Question 6: Which of these types of agriculture is practiced in the village of Benda? 
(a) Traditional Cultivation
(b) Intensive Cultivation
(c) Shifting Cultivation
(d) Large Scale Cultivation

Correct answer is option (c)
Wearing a small loin cloth and armed with his axe, he slowly surveys the penda (forest) where his tribe practices a primitive form of agriculture called shifting cultivation.

Question 7: What is used to make the soil fertile?
(a) Fertilizers
(b) Ash
(c) Insecticides
(d) Manure

Correct answer is option (b)
Ash contains chemical salts and highly soluble potassium and phosphorus. Soluble forms of potassium are fairly available, but soluble forms of phosphorus are rare, making ash a valuable soil amendment.