CA Foundation Exam  >  CA Foundation Notes  >  ICAI Notes 7.1: Bills of Exchange & Promissory Notes - 4

ICAI Notes 7.1: Bills of Exchange & Promissory Notes - 4 - CA Foundation PDF Download

Operating Cycle of the Accommodation Bill of Exchange

The basis for accommodation bill is not a trade transaction. It is drawn to accommodate the financial requirements of drawer or even a drawee. This transaction presupposes trust and understanding between the parties to the transaction. The drawer normally discounts this bill with the bank. The amount received from bank is either retained by the drawer for himself or shared between the drawer and the drawee. On the date of maturity, the drawee settles the bill with bank by effecting payment. The drawer will pay the drawee either full amount of the bill or his share. Accounting entries for accommodation bill are:

ICAI Notes 7.1: Bills of Exchange & Promissory Notes - 4 - CA Foundation

Illustration 9.

Following information is given to you by Govind from his books: On 1st April 2012 he had with him bills of ICAI Notes 7.1: Bills of Exchange & Promissory Notes - 4 - CA Foundation1,50,000 accepted by his customers and ICAI Notes 7.1: Bills of Exchange & Promissory Notes - 4 - CA Foundation1,00,000 worth accommodation bills accepted by his friends. He had accepted bills worth ICAI Notes 7.1: Bills of Exchange & Promissory Notes - 4 - CA Foundation90,000 for his suppliers and ICAI Notes 7.1: Bills of Exchange & Promissory Notes - 4 - CA Foundation75,000 worth accommodation bills for his friends.
During the year the following transactions took place:

(i) He raised bills of ICAI Notes 7.1: Bills of Exchange & Promissory Notes - 4 - CA Foundation3,75,000 which were accepted by his customers.

(ii) He accepted bills of ICAI Notes 7.1: Bills of Exchange & Promissory Notes - 4 - CA Foundation2,25,000 for his suppliers.

(iii) He accepted accommodation bills of ICAI Notes 7.1: Bills of Exchange & Promissory Notes - 4 - CA Foundation 60,000 for his friends.

(iv) His friend accepted accommodation bills of ICAI Notes 7.1: Bills of Exchange & Promissory Notes - 4 - CA Foundation1,25,000 for him.

(v) He honoured on due dates trade bills of ICAI Notes 7.1: Bills of Exchange & Promissory Notes - 4 - CA Foundation 1,75,000 and accommodation bills of ICAI Notes 7.1: Bills of Exchange & Promissory Notes - 4 - CA Foundation85,000.

(vi) He received payments on due dates for trade bills of ICAI Notes 7.1: Bills of Exchange & Promissory Notes - 4 - CA Foundation 4,00,000 and accommodation bills of ICAI Notes 7.1: Bills of Exchange & Promissory Notes - 4 - CA Foundation1,50,000.

(vii) He endorsed bills of ICAI Notes 7.1: Bills of Exchange & Promissory Notes - 4 - CA Foundation 25,000 to his suppliers, which were honoured by the acceptors.

(viii) His customers endorsed bills of ICAI Notes 7.1: Bills of Exchange & Promissory Notes - 4 - CA Foundation 30,000 to him which he accepted in favour of his suppliers.

(ix) Accommodation bills were settled on the due dates and money was paid and received duly.

Prepare Bills Receivable Account and Bills Payable Account for both trade and accommodation bills.

ICAI Notes 7.1: Bills of Exchange & Promissory Notes - 4 - CA Foundation

ICAI Notes 7.1: Bills of Exchange & Promissory Notes - 4 - CA Foundation

ICAI Notes 7.1: Bills of Exchange & Promissory Notes - 4 - CA Foundation

ICAI Notes 7.1: Bills of Exchange & Promissory Notes - 4 - CA Foundation

 

Illustration 10.

Vijay draws a bill for ICAI Notes 7.1: Bills of Exchange & Promissory Notes - 4 - CA Foundation60,000 and Anand accepts the same for mutual accommodation of both of them to the extent of Vijay 2/3rd and Anand 1/3rd. Vijay discounts it with bank for ICAI Notes 7.1: Bills of Exchange & Promissory Notes - 4 - CA Foundation 56,400 and remits 1/3rd share to Anand. Before the due date, Anand draws another bill for ICAI Notes 7.1: Bills of Exchange & Promissory Notes - 4 - CA Foundation 84,000 on Vijay in order to provide funds to meet the first bill on same sharing basis. The second bill is discounted at ICAI Notes 7.1: Bills of Exchange & Promissory Notes - 4 - CA Foundation 81,600. With these proceeds, the first bill is settled and ICAI Notes 7.1: Bills of Exchange & Promissory Notes - 4 - CA Foundation 14,400 were remitted to Vijay. Before the due date of the second bill, Vijay becomes insolvent and Anand receives a dividend of only 50 paise in a rupee in full satisfaction. Pass journal entries in the books of Vijay.

Solution: In case of accommodation bills, the proceeds of discounting are shared by parties as agreed. The discounting charges are also shared in agreed proportion. Here, the ratio between Vijay and Anand is given as two-thirds and one-third. The first bill of ICAI Notes 7.1: Bills of Exchange & Promissory Notes - 4 - CA Foundation 60,000 is discounted atICAI Notes 7.1: Bills of Exchange & Promissory Notes - 4 - CA Foundation56,400 which means the discounting charges are ICAI Notes 7.1: Bills of Exchange & Promissory Notes - 4 - CA Foundation3,600. The share of each one is:

ICAI Notes 7.1: Bills of Exchange & Promissory Notes - 4 - CA Foundation

Further, as Vijay has become insolvent, the amount due to Anand is settled at 50% of total. To calculate this amount, it’s necessary to post all transactions to Anand’s account and arrive at the balance.

In the Books of Vijay Journal Entries

ICAI Notes 7.1: Bills of Exchange & Promissory Notes - 4 - CA Foundation
ICAI Notes 7.1: Bills of Exchange & Promissory Notes - 4 - CA Foundation

ICAI Notes 7.1: Bills of Exchange & Promissory Notes - 4 - CA Foundation

 

Illustration 11.

Rahim, for mutual accommodation, draws a bill for ICAI Notes 7.1: Bills of Exchange & Promissory Notes - 4 - CA Foundation3,000 on Ratan. Rahim discounted it for ICAI Notes 7.1: Bills of Exchange & Promissory Notes - 4 - CA Foundation2,925. He remits ICAI Notes 7.1: Bills of Exchange & Promissory Notes - 4 - CA Foundation975 to Ratan. On the due date, Rahim is unable to remit his dues to Ratan to enable him to meet the bill. He, however, accepts a bill for ICAI Notes 7.1: Bills of Exchange & Promissory Notes - 4 - CA Foundation3,750 which Ratan discounts for ICAI Notes 7.1: Bills of Exchange & Promissory Notes - 4 - CA Foundation3,625. Ratan sends ICAI Notes 7.1: Bills of Exchange & Promissory Notes - 4 - CA Foundation175 to Rahim after discounting the above bill. Rahim becomes insolvent and a dividend of 80 paise in the rupee is received from his estate.
Pass the necessary journal entries in the books of both the parties. Solution: 

ICAI Notes 7.1: Bills of Exchange & Promissory Notes - 4 - CA Foundation
ICAI Notes 7.1: Bills of Exchange & Promissory Notes - 4 - CA Foundation

 

ICAI Notes 7.1: Bills of Exchange & Promissory Notes - 4 - CA Foundation
ICAI Notes 7.1: Bills of Exchange & Promissory Notes - 4 - CA Foundation

ICAI Notes 7.1: Bills of Exchange & Promissory Notes - 4 - CA Foundation

ICAI Notes 7.1: Bills of Exchange & Promissory Notes - 4 - CA Foundation

 

Illustration 12.

On 1.7.2013 Salil, for mutual accommodation of himself and Sunil, drew on the other a bill for ICAI Notes 7.1: Bills of Exchange & Promissory Notes - 4 - CA Foundation10,000 payable at 3 months date. The bill was discounted with Central Bank of India at 5% and half of the proceeds were remitted to Sunil on 2.7.2013.
On 2.7.2013, Sunil drew a bill on Salil for ICAI Notes 7.1: Bills of Exchange & Promissory Notes - 4 - CA Foundation4,000 payable at 3 months’ date. He discounted the bill with Bank of India at 10% and remitted half the proceeds to Salil.
Sunil became bankrupt on 31.8.2013 and only 25% was received by Salil on 15.9.2013 as the first and final dividend from his estate. Write the journal entries in the books of Salil.

Solution: 

ICAI Notes 7.1: Bills of Exchange & Promissory Notes - 4 - CA Foundation
ICAI Notes 7.1: Bills of Exchange & Promissory Notes - 4 - CA Foundation


Illustration 13.

On 1.1.2013, Pandit, for mutual accommodation of himself and Thakur, drew upon the latter a 3 months’ bill for ICAI Notes 7.1: Bills of Exchange & Promissory Notes - 4 - CA Foundation12,000 which was duly accepted. Pandit discounted the bill at 6% p.a. on 4.1.2013 and remitted half of the proceeds to Thakur.
On 1.2.2013, Thakur drew and Pandit accepted a bill at 3 months’ for ICAI Notes 7.1: Bills of Exchange & Promissory Notes - 4 - CA Foundation4,800. On 4.2.2013, Thakur discounted the bill at 6% p.a. and remitted half of the proceeds to Pandit.
At maturity Pandit met his acceptance but Thakur failed to meet his and Pandit had to take it up. Pandit drew and Thakur accepted a new bill at 2 months on 4.5.2013 for the amount due to Pandit plus ICAI Notes 7.1: Bills of Exchange & Promissory Notes - 4 - CA Foundation100 as interest. On 1.7.2013, Thakur became insolvent and first and final dividend of 50 paise in the rupee was received from his estate on 30.09.2013.
Pass necessary journal Entries in the books of Pandit.
Solution:

ICAI Notes 7.1: Bills of Exchange & Promissory Notes - 4 - CA Foundation

ICAI Notes 7.1: Bills of Exchange & Promissory Notes - 4 - CA Foundation
ICAI Notes 7.1: Bills of Exchange & Promissory Notes - 4 - CA Foundation

 

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FAQs on ICAI Notes 7.1: Bills of Exchange & Promissory Notes - 4 - CA Foundation

1. What is a bill of exchange?
Ans. A bill of exchange is a negotiable instrument that is used in international trade and commerce. It is a written order from one party (the drawer) to another party (the drawee) to pay a certain amount of money to a third party (the payee) on a specific date or on demand.
2. What is a promissory note?
Ans. A promissory note is a written promise made by one party (the maker) to pay a certain amount of money to another party (the payee) on a specific date or on demand. It is a legally binding document that can be transferred to a third party.
3. What are the key differences between a bill of exchange and a promissory note?
Ans. The main differences between a bill of exchange and a promissory note are: - Parties involved: A bill of exchange involves three parties (drawer, drawee, and payee), while a promissory note involves only two parties (maker and payee). - Payment obligation: In a bill of exchange, the drawee has the obligation to pay the amount mentioned, whereas in a promissory note, the maker has the obligation to pay. - Transferability: A bill of exchange is a negotiable instrument that can be transferred to a third party, while a promissory note is non-negotiable and cannot be transferred. - Acceptance: A bill of exchange requires acceptance by the drawee, whereas a promissory note does not require acceptance.
4. What are the essential elements of a bill of exchange?
Ans. The essential elements of a bill of exchange are: - The term "Bill of Exchange" mentioned in the document. - An unconditional order to pay a specific amount of money. - The name of the drawee (the party who is obligated to pay). - The name of the payee (the party who will receive the payment). - The date and place of issuance. - The date of payment or the duration after which the bill becomes due.
5. Can a promissory note be transferred to another party?
Ans. No, a promissory note cannot be transferred to another party. It is a non-negotiable instrument, and the payment obligation remains with the original maker of the note. However, the payee can assign their rights to another person through assignment, but the transfer does not make the assignee liable for payment.
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