Hall effect is defined as the production of a voltage difference across an electrical conductor which is transverse to an electric current, and with respect to an applied magnetic field, it is perpendicular to the current. Edwin Hall discovered this effect in the year 1879.
Hall field is defined as the field developed across the conductor, and Hall voltage is the corresponding potential difference. This principle is observed in the charges involved in the electromagnetic fields.
Consider a metal with one type of charge carrier that is electrons and is a steady-state condition with no movement of charges in the y-axis direction. Following is the derivation of the Hall-effect:
(at equilibrium, force is downwards due to magnetic field which is equal to upward electric force)
Where,
Where,
Where,
In semiconductors, RH is positive for the hole and negative for free electrons.
Where,
The ratio between density (x-axis direction) and current density (y-axis direction) is known as the Hall angle, which measures the average number of radians due to collisions of the particles.
Where,
In semiconductors, electrons and holes contribute to different concentrations and mobilities, making it difficult to explain the Hall coefficient given above. Therefore, for the simple explanation of a moderate magnetic field, the following is the Hall coefficient:
Where,
Hall effect finds many applications.
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1. What is the Hall Effect? |
2. How is the Hall Effect derived in semiconductors? |
3. What are the applications of the Hall Effect? |
4. What are some important derivations related to Semiconductor Electronics? |
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