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Important Nomenclature Formulas for JEE and NEET
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Page 1
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
? Points to remember in Nomenclature
Examples of Compound containing different functional groups with
common / trival names.
No. of
carbon
atoms
Prefix ?CHO (Aldehyde) ?COOH(?ic acid) ?COCl.(?yl chloride) ?CONH
2
(Amide)
1 Form
HCHO
Formaldehyde
HCOOH
Formic acid
HCOCl
Formyl chloride
HCONH
2
Formamide
2 Acet
CH
3
CHO
Acetaldehyde
CH
3
COOH
Acetic acid
CH
3
COCl
Acetyl chloride
CH
3
CONH
2
Acetamide
3 Propion
CH
3
CH
2
CHO
Propion aldehyde
CH
3
CH
2
COOH
Propionic acid
CH
3
CH
2
COCI
Propionyl chloride
CH
3
CH
2
CONH
2
Propionamide
4 Butyr
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CHO
n?Butyraldehyde
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
COOH
n?Butyric acid
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
COCI
n?Butyryl chloride
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CONH
2
n?Butyramide
5 Valer
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
C
HO
n?Valeraldehyde
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
C
OOH
n?Valeric acid
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
COCI
n?Valeryl chloride
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
CO
NH
2
n?Valeramide
3C+1 Double
bond
Acryl
CH
2
=CH?CHO
Acrylaldehyde
CH
2
= CH?COOH
Acrylic acid
CH
2
= CH?COCI
Acryl chloride
CH
2
=CH?CONH
2
Acrylamide
4C + 1
Double bond
(at 2
nd
Carbon.
atom)
Croton
CH
3
?CH=CH?CHO
Crotonaldehyde
CH
3
CH
2
=
CH?COOH
Crotonic acid
CH
3
CH
2
= CH?COCl
Crotonyl chloride
CH
3
CH
2
=
CH?CONH
2
Crotonamide
Page 2
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
? Points to remember in Nomenclature
Examples of Compound containing different functional groups with
common / trival names.
No. of
carbon
atoms
Prefix ?CHO (Aldehyde) ?COOH(?ic acid) ?COCl.(?yl chloride) ?CONH
2
(Amide)
1 Form
HCHO
Formaldehyde
HCOOH
Formic acid
HCOCl
Formyl chloride
HCONH
2
Formamide
2 Acet
CH
3
CHO
Acetaldehyde
CH
3
COOH
Acetic acid
CH
3
COCl
Acetyl chloride
CH
3
CONH
2
Acetamide
3 Propion
CH
3
CH
2
CHO
Propion aldehyde
CH
3
CH
2
COOH
Propionic acid
CH
3
CH
2
COCI
Propionyl chloride
CH
3
CH
2
CONH
2
Propionamide
4 Butyr
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CHO
n?Butyraldehyde
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
COOH
n?Butyric acid
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
COCI
n?Butyryl chloride
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CONH
2
n?Butyramide
5 Valer
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
C
HO
n?Valeraldehyde
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
C
OOH
n?Valeric acid
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
COCI
n?Valeryl chloride
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
CO
NH
2
n?Valeramide
3C+1 Double
bond
Acryl
CH
2
=CH?CHO
Acrylaldehyde
CH
2
= CH?COOH
Acrylic acid
CH
2
= CH?COCI
Acryl chloride
CH
2
=CH?CONH
2
Acrylamide
4C + 1
Double bond
(at 2
nd
Carbon.
atom)
Croton
CH
3
?CH=CH?CHO
Crotonaldehyde
CH
3
CH
2
=
CH?COOH
Crotonic acid
CH
3
CH
2
= CH?COCl
Crotonyl chloride
CH
3
CH
2
=
CH?CONH
2
Crotonamide
No. of carbon
atoms
Prefix ?CN(?O nitrile)
?N C(Oisonitrile)
If Suffix isocyanide is used
than. Carbon atom of ? NC
not counted.
If suffix carbyl amine is
used. Carbon atom of ? NC
not counted.
If O-isonitrile is used ??
Carbon atom of ? NC
counted
?COOR
Ester
1 Form
H?C ??N
Formonitrile
H?N C
Formoisonitrile
HCOOCH
3
Methyl formate
2 Acet
CH
3
C ? N
Acetonitrile
CH
3
?N C
Acetoisonitrile
CH
3
COOCH
3
Methyl acetate
3 Propion
CH
3
CH
3
C ? N
Propionitrile
CH
3
CH
2
N C
Propionisonitrile
CH
3
CH
2
COOCH
3
Methyl propionate
4 Butyr
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
C ? N
n?Butyronitrile
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
N C
n?Butyroisonitrile
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
COOCH
3
Methyl n?butyrate
5 Valer
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
C ? N
n?Valeronitrile
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
N C
n?Valeroisonitrile
Methyl isovalerate
3 C +1 Double
bond
Acryl
CH
2
= CH ? C ? N
Acrylonitrile
CH
2
= CH?NC
Acrylisonitrile
CH
2
=CHCOOCH
3
Methyl acrylate
4C + 1 Double
bond (at 2
nd
Carbon. atom)
Croton
CH
3
CH = CH ? C ? N
Crotononitrile
CH
3
?CH=CH?NC
Crotonoisonitrile
CH
3
CH=CHCOOCH
3
Methyl crotonate
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
3
3 2 3
CH
|
COOCH ? CH ? CH ? CH
?
?
?
Secondary suffix of some common functional groups (IUPAC)
A secondary suffix is added to the primary suffix to indicate the nature of the
functional group present in the organic compounds. Secondary suffix of
important functional groups are given below in their decreasing order of
seniority.
Page 3
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
? Points to remember in Nomenclature
Examples of Compound containing different functional groups with
common / trival names.
No. of
carbon
atoms
Prefix ?CHO (Aldehyde) ?COOH(?ic acid) ?COCl.(?yl chloride) ?CONH
2
(Amide)
1 Form
HCHO
Formaldehyde
HCOOH
Formic acid
HCOCl
Formyl chloride
HCONH
2
Formamide
2 Acet
CH
3
CHO
Acetaldehyde
CH
3
COOH
Acetic acid
CH
3
COCl
Acetyl chloride
CH
3
CONH
2
Acetamide
3 Propion
CH
3
CH
2
CHO
Propion aldehyde
CH
3
CH
2
COOH
Propionic acid
CH
3
CH
2
COCI
Propionyl chloride
CH
3
CH
2
CONH
2
Propionamide
4 Butyr
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CHO
n?Butyraldehyde
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
COOH
n?Butyric acid
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
COCI
n?Butyryl chloride
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CONH
2
n?Butyramide
5 Valer
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
C
HO
n?Valeraldehyde
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
C
OOH
n?Valeric acid
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
COCI
n?Valeryl chloride
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
CO
NH
2
n?Valeramide
3C+1 Double
bond
Acryl
CH
2
=CH?CHO
Acrylaldehyde
CH
2
= CH?COOH
Acrylic acid
CH
2
= CH?COCI
Acryl chloride
CH
2
=CH?CONH
2
Acrylamide
4C + 1
Double bond
(at 2
nd
Carbon.
atom)
Croton
CH
3
?CH=CH?CHO
Crotonaldehyde
CH
3
CH
2
=
CH?COOH
Crotonic acid
CH
3
CH
2
= CH?COCl
Crotonyl chloride
CH
3
CH
2
=
CH?CONH
2
Crotonamide
No. of carbon
atoms
Prefix ?CN(?O nitrile)
?N C(Oisonitrile)
If Suffix isocyanide is used
than. Carbon atom of ? NC
not counted.
If suffix carbyl amine is
used. Carbon atom of ? NC
not counted.
If O-isonitrile is used ??
Carbon atom of ? NC
counted
?COOR
Ester
1 Form
H?C ??N
Formonitrile
H?N C
Formoisonitrile
HCOOCH
3
Methyl formate
2 Acet
CH
3
C ? N
Acetonitrile
CH
3
?N C
Acetoisonitrile
CH
3
COOCH
3
Methyl acetate
3 Propion
CH
3
CH
3
C ? N
Propionitrile
CH
3
CH
2
N C
Propionisonitrile
CH
3
CH
2
COOCH
3
Methyl propionate
4 Butyr
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
C ? N
n?Butyronitrile
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
N C
n?Butyroisonitrile
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
COOCH
3
Methyl n?butyrate
5 Valer
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
C ? N
n?Valeronitrile
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
N C
n?Valeroisonitrile
Methyl isovalerate
3 C +1 Double
bond
Acryl
CH
2
= CH ? C ? N
Acrylonitrile
CH
2
= CH?NC
Acrylisonitrile
CH
2
=CHCOOCH
3
Methyl acrylate
4C + 1 Double
bond (at 2
nd
Carbon. atom)
Croton
CH
3
CH = CH ? C ? N
Crotononitrile
CH
3
?CH=CH?NC
Crotonoisonitrile
CH
3
CH=CHCOOCH
3
Methyl crotonate
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
3
3 2 3
CH
|
COOCH ? CH ? CH ? CH
?
?
?
Secondary suffix of some common functional groups (IUPAC)
A secondary suffix is added to the primary suffix to indicate the nature of the
functional group present in the organic compounds. Secondary suffix of
important functional groups are given below in their decreasing order of
seniority.
Class Name Suffix Prefix
1. R?COOH Alkanoic Acid ? oic acid (carboxylic acid) carboxy
2. R?SO
3
H Alkane sulhonic Acid ? sulphonic acid sulpho
3. R?C?O?C?R Alkanonic Anhydride ? oic anhydride (carboxylic ------------
|| || anhydride)
O O
4. R?COOR Alkyl alkanoate ? oate (carboxylate) alkoxy carbonyl
or alkanoyl oxy
5. R ? C ? X Alkanoyl halide ?oyl halide (carbonyl halide) halo carbonyl
||
O
6. R ? C ? NH
2
Alkanamide ? amide (carboxamide) carbamoyl
||
O
7. R ? C ? N Alkanenitrile ? nitrile (carbonitrile) cyano
8. R ? C ? H Alkanal ? al (carbaldehyde) formyl / oxo
||
O
9. R ? C ? R Alkanone ? one oxo
||
O
10. R?OH Alkanol ? ol hydroxy
11. R?SH Alkanethiol ? thiol mercapto
12. R?NH
2
Alkanamine ? amine amino
IUPAC system of nomenclature
The IUPAC name of any organic compound consists of maximum five parts in the following
sequence.
Secondary prefix + Primary prefix + Word root + Primary suffix + Secondary suffix
The following examples illustrate the use of word root, primary suffix and
secondary suffix in naming of organic compounds.
Organic compounds Word root Primary suffix Secondary suffix IUPAC name
CH
3
CH
2
OH Eth an(e) ol Ethanol
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
NH
2
Prop an(e) amine Propanamine
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
COOH But an(e) oic acid Butanoic acid
CH
3
CH
2
CN Prop an(e) nitrile Propanenitrile
CH
2
= CHCHO Prop en(e) al Propenal
HC ? CCOOH Prop yn(e) oic acid Propynoic acid
Page 4
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
? Points to remember in Nomenclature
Examples of Compound containing different functional groups with
common / trival names.
No. of
carbon
atoms
Prefix ?CHO (Aldehyde) ?COOH(?ic acid) ?COCl.(?yl chloride) ?CONH
2
(Amide)
1 Form
HCHO
Formaldehyde
HCOOH
Formic acid
HCOCl
Formyl chloride
HCONH
2
Formamide
2 Acet
CH
3
CHO
Acetaldehyde
CH
3
COOH
Acetic acid
CH
3
COCl
Acetyl chloride
CH
3
CONH
2
Acetamide
3 Propion
CH
3
CH
2
CHO
Propion aldehyde
CH
3
CH
2
COOH
Propionic acid
CH
3
CH
2
COCI
Propionyl chloride
CH
3
CH
2
CONH
2
Propionamide
4 Butyr
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CHO
n?Butyraldehyde
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
COOH
n?Butyric acid
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
COCI
n?Butyryl chloride
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CONH
2
n?Butyramide
5 Valer
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
C
HO
n?Valeraldehyde
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
C
OOH
n?Valeric acid
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
COCI
n?Valeryl chloride
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
CO
NH
2
n?Valeramide
3C+1 Double
bond
Acryl
CH
2
=CH?CHO
Acrylaldehyde
CH
2
= CH?COOH
Acrylic acid
CH
2
= CH?COCI
Acryl chloride
CH
2
=CH?CONH
2
Acrylamide
4C + 1
Double bond
(at 2
nd
Carbon.
atom)
Croton
CH
3
?CH=CH?CHO
Crotonaldehyde
CH
3
CH
2
=
CH?COOH
Crotonic acid
CH
3
CH
2
= CH?COCl
Crotonyl chloride
CH
3
CH
2
=
CH?CONH
2
Crotonamide
No. of carbon
atoms
Prefix ?CN(?O nitrile)
?N C(Oisonitrile)
If Suffix isocyanide is used
than. Carbon atom of ? NC
not counted.
If suffix carbyl amine is
used. Carbon atom of ? NC
not counted.
If O-isonitrile is used ??
Carbon atom of ? NC
counted
?COOR
Ester
1 Form
H?C ??N
Formonitrile
H?N C
Formoisonitrile
HCOOCH
3
Methyl formate
2 Acet
CH
3
C ? N
Acetonitrile
CH
3
?N C
Acetoisonitrile
CH
3
COOCH
3
Methyl acetate
3 Propion
CH
3
CH
3
C ? N
Propionitrile
CH
3
CH
2
N C
Propionisonitrile
CH
3
CH
2
COOCH
3
Methyl propionate
4 Butyr
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
C ? N
n?Butyronitrile
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
N C
n?Butyroisonitrile
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
COOCH
3
Methyl n?butyrate
5 Valer
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
C ? N
n?Valeronitrile
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
N C
n?Valeroisonitrile
Methyl isovalerate
3 C +1 Double
bond
Acryl
CH
2
= CH ? C ? N
Acrylonitrile
CH
2
= CH?NC
Acrylisonitrile
CH
2
=CHCOOCH
3
Methyl acrylate
4C + 1 Double
bond (at 2
nd
Carbon. atom)
Croton
CH
3
CH = CH ? C ? N
Crotononitrile
CH
3
?CH=CH?NC
Crotonoisonitrile
CH
3
CH=CHCOOCH
3
Methyl crotonate
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
3
3 2 3
CH
|
COOCH ? CH ? CH ? CH
?
?
?
Secondary suffix of some common functional groups (IUPAC)
A secondary suffix is added to the primary suffix to indicate the nature of the
functional group present in the organic compounds. Secondary suffix of
important functional groups are given below in their decreasing order of
seniority.
Class Name Suffix Prefix
1. R?COOH Alkanoic Acid ? oic acid (carboxylic acid) carboxy
2. R?SO
3
H Alkane sulhonic Acid ? sulphonic acid sulpho
3. R?C?O?C?R Alkanonic Anhydride ? oic anhydride (carboxylic ------------
|| || anhydride)
O O
4. R?COOR Alkyl alkanoate ? oate (carboxylate) alkoxy carbonyl
or alkanoyl oxy
5. R ? C ? X Alkanoyl halide ?oyl halide (carbonyl halide) halo carbonyl
||
O
6. R ? C ? NH
2
Alkanamide ? amide (carboxamide) carbamoyl
||
O
7. R ? C ? N Alkanenitrile ? nitrile (carbonitrile) cyano
8. R ? C ? H Alkanal ? al (carbaldehyde) formyl / oxo
||
O
9. R ? C ? R Alkanone ? one oxo
||
O
10. R?OH Alkanol ? ol hydroxy
11. R?SH Alkanethiol ? thiol mercapto
12. R?NH
2
Alkanamine ? amine amino
IUPAC system of nomenclature
The IUPAC name of any organic compound consists of maximum five parts in the following
sequence.
Secondary prefix + Primary prefix + Word root + Primary suffix + Secondary suffix
The following examples illustrate the use of word root, primary suffix and
secondary suffix in naming of organic compounds.
Organic compounds Word root Primary suffix Secondary suffix IUPAC name
CH
3
CH
2
OH Eth an(e) ol Ethanol
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
NH
2
Prop an(e) amine Propanamine
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
COOH But an(e) oic acid Butanoic acid
CH
3
CH
2
CN Prop an(e) nitrile Propanenitrile
CH
2
= CHCHO Prop en(e) al Propenal
HC ? CCOOH Prop yn(e) oic acid Propynoic acid
The following examples illustrate the use of word root , primary prefix and
secondary prefix in naming of organic compounds.
Ex.(i) H C
2
H C
2
CH
2
CH
2
CH
|
Br
CH
|
OH
4
5
6 2
1
3
4-Bromo
Secondary
prefix
+ cyclo
Primary
prefix
+ hex
Word
root
+
an (e)
Primary
suffix
+
1-ol
Secondary
suffix
(ii)
SO H
3
I
1
CH
3
2
3
4
5
+ cyclo
Primary
prefix
+ + +
(iii)
Position of double bond will be indicated as no. 1, Hence name will be 3?
Methyl?3?propylhex?1?ene
Common and IUPAC Names of Some Organic Compounds
S.No. Compound Common names IUPAC name
1. CH
3
CH=CH
2
Propylene Propene
2. Isobutylene 2-Methylpropene
3. H
3
C?C?CH Methyl acetylene Propyne
4. Cl CH CH CH
|
CH
2 3
3
? ? ? Isobutyl chloride 1-Chloro-2-methylpropane
Page 5
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
? Points to remember in Nomenclature
Examples of Compound containing different functional groups with
common / trival names.
No. of
carbon
atoms
Prefix ?CHO (Aldehyde) ?COOH(?ic acid) ?COCl.(?yl chloride) ?CONH
2
(Amide)
1 Form
HCHO
Formaldehyde
HCOOH
Formic acid
HCOCl
Formyl chloride
HCONH
2
Formamide
2 Acet
CH
3
CHO
Acetaldehyde
CH
3
COOH
Acetic acid
CH
3
COCl
Acetyl chloride
CH
3
CONH
2
Acetamide
3 Propion
CH
3
CH
2
CHO
Propion aldehyde
CH
3
CH
2
COOH
Propionic acid
CH
3
CH
2
COCI
Propionyl chloride
CH
3
CH
2
CONH
2
Propionamide
4 Butyr
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CHO
n?Butyraldehyde
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
COOH
n?Butyric acid
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
COCI
n?Butyryl chloride
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CONH
2
n?Butyramide
5 Valer
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
C
HO
n?Valeraldehyde
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
C
OOH
n?Valeric acid
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
COCI
n?Valeryl chloride
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
CO
NH
2
n?Valeramide
3C+1 Double
bond
Acryl
CH
2
=CH?CHO
Acrylaldehyde
CH
2
= CH?COOH
Acrylic acid
CH
2
= CH?COCI
Acryl chloride
CH
2
=CH?CONH
2
Acrylamide
4C + 1
Double bond
(at 2
nd
Carbon.
atom)
Croton
CH
3
?CH=CH?CHO
Crotonaldehyde
CH
3
CH
2
=
CH?COOH
Crotonic acid
CH
3
CH
2
= CH?COCl
Crotonyl chloride
CH
3
CH
2
=
CH?CONH
2
Crotonamide
No. of carbon
atoms
Prefix ?CN(?O nitrile)
?N C(Oisonitrile)
If Suffix isocyanide is used
than. Carbon atom of ? NC
not counted.
If suffix carbyl amine is
used. Carbon atom of ? NC
not counted.
If O-isonitrile is used ??
Carbon atom of ? NC
counted
?COOR
Ester
1 Form
H?C ??N
Formonitrile
H?N C
Formoisonitrile
HCOOCH
3
Methyl formate
2 Acet
CH
3
C ? N
Acetonitrile
CH
3
?N C
Acetoisonitrile
CH
3
COOCH
3
Methyl acetate
3 Propion
CH
3
CH
3
C ? N
Propionitrile
CH
3
CH
2
N C
Propionisonitrile
CH
3
CH
2
COOCH
3
Methyl propionate
4 Butyr
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
C ? N
n?Butyronitrile
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
N C
n?Butyroisonitrile
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
COOCH
3
Methyl n?butyrate
5 Valer
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
C ? N
n?Valeronitrile
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
N C
n?Valeroisonitrile
Methyl isovalerate
3 C +1 Double
bond
Acryl
CH
2
= CH ? C ? N
Acrylonitrile
CH
2
= CH?NC
Acrylisonitrile
CH
2
=CHCOOCH
3
Methyl acrylate
4C + 1 Double
bond (at 2
nd
Carbon. atom)
Croton
CH
3
CH = CH ? C ? N
Crotononitrile
CH
3
?CH=CH?NC
Crotonoisonitrile
CH
3
CH=CHCOOCH
3
Methyl crotonate
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
3
3 2 3
CH
|
COOCH ? CH ? CH ? CH
?
?
?
Secondary suffix of some common functional groups (IUPAC)
A secondary suffix is added to the primary suffix to indicate the nature of the
functional group present in the organic compounds. Secondary suffix of
important functional groups are given below in their decreasing order of
seniority.
Class Name Suffix Prefix
1. R?COOH Alkanoic Acid ? oic acid (carboxylic acid) carboxy
2. R?SO
3
H Alkane sulhonic Acid ? sulphonic acid sulpho
3. R?C?O?C?R Alkanonic Anhydride ? oic anhydride (carboxylic ------------
|| || anhydride)
O O
4. R?COOR Alkyl alkanoate ? oate (carboxylate) alkoxy carbonyl
or alkanoyl oxy
5. R ? C ? X Alkanoyl halide ?oyl halide (carbonyl halide) halo carbonyl
||
O
6. R ? C ? NH
2
Alkanamide ? amide (carboxamide) carbamoyl
||
O
7. R ? C ? N Alkanenitrile ? nitrile (carbonitrile) cyano
8. R ? C ? H Alkanal ? al (carbaldehyde) formyl / oxo
||
O
9. R ? C ? R Alkanone ? one oxo
||
O
10. R?OH Alkanol ? ol hydroxy
11. R?SH Alkanethiol ? thiol mercapto
12. R?NH
2
Alkanamine ? amine amino
IUPAC system of nomenclature
The IUPAC name of any organic compound consists of maximum five parts in the following
sequence.
Secondary prefix + Primary prefix + Word root + Primary suffix + Secondary suffix
The following examples illustrate the use of word root, primary suffix and
secondary suffix in naming of organic compounds.
Organic compounds Word root Primary suffix Secondary suffix IUPAC name
CH
3
CH
2
OH Eth an(e) ol Ethanol
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
NH
2
Prop an(e) amine Propanamine
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
COOH But an(e) oic acid Butanoic acid
CH
3
CH
2
CN Prop an(e) nitrile Propanenitrile
CH
2
= CHCHO Prop en(e) al Propenal
HC ? CCOOH Prop yn(e) oic acid Propynoic acid
The following examples illustrate the use of word root , primary prefix and
secondary prefix in naming of organic compounds.
Ex.(i) H C
2
H C
2
CH
2
CH
2
CH
|
Br
CH
|
OH
4
5
6 2
1
3
4-Bromo
Secondary
prefix
+ cyclo
Primary
prefix
+ hex
Word
root
+
an (e)
Primary
suffix
+
1-ol
Secondary
suffix
(ii)
SO H
3
I
1
CH
3
2
3
4
5
+ cyclo
Primary
prefix
+ + +
(iii)
Position of double bond will be indicated as no. 1, Hence name will be 3?
Methyl?3?propylhex?1?ene
Common and IUPAC Names of Some Organic Compounds
S.No. Compound Common names IUPAC name
1. CH
3
CH=CH
2
Propylene Propene
2. Isobutylene 2-Methylpropene
3. H
3
C?C?CH Methyl acetylene Propyne
4. Cl CH CH CH
|
CH
2 3
3
? ? ? Isobutyl chloride 1-Chloro-2-methylpropane
5.
Br CH
|
Br CH
2
2
?
?
Ethylene dibromide 1, 2-Dibromoethane
6. CH
2
=CH?Cl Vinyl chloride Chloroethene
7.
OH
|
CH CH CH
3 3
? ?
Isopropyl alcohol Propan-2-ol
8. CH
2
=CH?CH
2
?OH Allyl alcohol Prop-2-en-1-ol
9.
OH OH OH
| | |
CH CH CH
2 2
? ?
Glycerol or Glycerine Propane-1, 2, 3-triol
10. CH
3
?CHO Acetaldehyde Ethanal
11. CH
3
?CO?CH
2
CH
3
Ethyl methyl ketone Butanone
12. CH
3
?COOH Acetic acid Ethanoic acid
13.
COOH
|
COOH
Oxalic acid Ethanedioic acid
14. COOH C C H
||
O
3
? ? Pyruvic acid 2-Oxopropanoic acid
15. CH
3
?COCl Acetyl chloride Ethanoyl chloride
16. CH
3
?CONH
2
Acetamide Ethanamide
17. CH
3
?NH
2
Methylamine Methanamine
18. CH
3
?CN Methyl cyanide or Ethanenitrile
Acetonitril
19. CH
3
?N
+
?C¯ Methyl isocyanide or Methane isocyanide
Methyl carbylamine
20. Toluene Methylbenzene or Toluene?
Read More
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