Important Questions: Displacing Indigenous Peoples | History Class 11 - Humanities/Arts PDF Download

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Q1: Can we get historical data about the native people of North America and Australia at present?
Ans: Yes, there are presently established galleries of native art and museums that show the aborigine’s way of living.

Q2: Mention the uses of the term “settler”?
Ans: The Dutch were the sellers in South Africa, the British in Ireland, New Zealand, and Australia, and the Europeans in America.

Q3: What were the basic occupations of native people in North America?
Ans: It was hunting, fishing, and agriculture.

Q4: What do you mean by aborigine?
Ans: It is a Latin word meaning from the beginning. It was used by the native people of Australia.

Q5: What was an important feature of the natives of North America?
Ans: Friendship and relations were formed on a formal basis and things were never sold but given as gifts.

Q6: Who were native Americans?
Ans: It is a commonly used word now for indigenous people of Americans but earlier, it was confined only to the names of North America.

Q7: Which skills were the natives of North America known to?
Ans: Craftmanship, textiles weaving, measuring land, understanding climate, and knowing in-depth, the characteristics, composition, and effect of different landscapes.

Q8: What were the things that attracted the European traders in North America?
Ans: The civilized behavior of native people and potential for the development of trade in furs and fish.

Short Answer Type Questions

Q9: What are the important points, you consider in the history of North America and Australia?
Ans: These points are as under:

• Europeans were equally dominated on both continents.
• Europeans cheated the native people of North America and Australia and grabbed their lands and drove them to reservations.
• Native peoples in both lands were simple, god fearing, lovers of nature, self-restrained and sociable.

Q10: What efforts did the natives of the northern states of the USA make to abolish slavery? Discuss.
Ans: There were no plantations in the Northern States of America hence, evils of slavery were at their climax. The native people there. condemned slavery as an inhuman practice. It caused strong protest between the states favoring and condemning slavery during 1861-65. Finally, slavery was abolished but discrimination between whites and non-whites could be ended, by the extreme efforts of the African- Americans in the twentieth century.

Q11: What were the pleas of the European people justifying their usurp of natives’ land there?
Ans: These usurpers raised the pleas that the tribes were lazy and did not exploit the maximum potentials of the land. They argued taking over land from the people not exploited it properly, is not an offense but a right step towards development. According to them, the native people had not used their craft skills to produce goods for the market, they did not take interest in learning English or dressing properly. Thus, the grassland of the Prairies was cleared for farmland and wild bison killed off. A Frenchman once visited there had truly stated-Primitive man will disappear with the primitive animal.

Q12: What was the treatment of Europeans with natives in America and Australia?
Ans: They cheated them in the trade of fur and meat as also cereals. They forged the documents of sale and paid the cost of land less than as negotiated. They were driven to the great American deserts and reservations. They took them as sloth and dull. These people were displaced from their own lands and enslaved.

Q13: Discuss the changes in landscapes of North America during the nineteenth century?
Ans: The whole land of America was turned into estates and meadows. Being a variety of landforms here found people from European countries i.e. Germany, Sweden, Italy, etc., all suitable to their needs. The people migrating to America were younger sons of the landlords there, who had no right to ancestral property, some others were those small farmers whose lands were merged with the big landlords under enclosure or consolidation of land and the citizens of Poland found grassland of Prairie similar to their characteristics of ‘ the Steppes grasslands. They cleared the forest land and started growing rice and cotton as commercial crops meant for export to Europe and fenced their farms with barbed wires.

Q14: What was the case of the Cherokee tribe in North America?
Ans: This tribe was living in Georgia, a state in the USA. This tribe had made special efforts to learn English as also the American way of life but even so, the people of this tribe were not allowed the rights of citizens. In 1832, the landmark Judgment US chief justice, John Marshall sanctioned sovereignty of this tribe in its territory but US President, Andrew Jackson ordered the US Army to evict Cherokees from their land and drive them to the great American Desert. The people so driven out from their lands succumbed, to several troubles.

Q15: How did Indians suffered under British rule? Discuss.
Ans: They texted arbitrarily in commodities including products manufactured in Indigenous factories/industries. They never treated Indians as equal to them and discriminated in schooling, and traveling and denied them political, social, cultural, and religious rights.

Long Answer Type Questions

Q16: This theme in its entirety introduces us to the native people with their instincts, respect to life, the network of circumstances, their determination vis-a-vis troubled mind people (All Europeans) passionate to obtain land and become lord, the resultant collision and percussions apparent in the form of America, a superpower at present”-Are you agree to this statement. Discuss with reference to the melodrama of the location (land) and its results.
Ans: Native People and Their Instincts:

• Native American cultures were diverse and deeply rooted in their respect for nature and their connection to the land. Many Native American tribes had intricate knowledge of their environments and sustainable ways of life.
• They had a strong sense of community and spirituality, often revering the land as sacred and integral to their existence.
• Their instincts were honed by generations of living in harmony with the land, which allowed them to adapt to their surroundings and utilize resources effectively.

European Colonization and Land Acquisition:

• European powers, driven by economic motives, sought to expand their territories and acquire valuable resources. They viewed the Americas as a source of wealth and opportunity.
• The colonization of the Americas, particularly by European powers like Spain, Portugal, England, and France, involved the displacement of native populations and the imposition of European cultures, religions, and legal systems.
• Land was a central focus of European colonization, leading to the forced removal of indigenous peoples from their ancestral lands.

Collision of Cultures and Perceptions:

• The collision of Native American and European cultures resulted in significant conflicts, misunderstandings, and a clash of worldviews.
• Europeans often viewed the land as a commodity to be exploited for profit, leading to deforestation, resource depletion, and land enclosures. This clashed with the native view of land as a sacred entity.
• Native Americans resisted European encroachment, leading to numerous conflicts and wars, such as the French and Indian War in North America.

Rise of America as a Superpower:

• The colonization of the Americas laid the foundation for the rise of the United States as a superpower in the modern era.
• America's territorial expansion, the development of its economy, and its abundant natural resources contributed to its rapid growth.
• The American Revolution against British colonial rule and the subsequent westward expansion across the continent played pivotal roles in shaping the nation.

In conclusion, the statement accurately highlights the collision of cultures, the consequences of European colonization, and the rise of America as a superpower. The acquisition and exploitation of land played a central role in this melodrama, as European powers sought to assert control over vast territories inhabited by native peoples. The clash of values, perceptions of land, and struggles for dominance have left a lasting impact on the history and development of the Americas, contributing to the rise of the United States as a global superpower. This theme provides valuable insights into the complex interplay of history, culture, and geography in shaping the modern world.

Q17: Write a brief note on assimilation and percussion of two opposite natives of society/communities.
Ans: Assimilation and percussion are two contrasting processes that can occur when two opposite native societies or communities come into contact. Let's briefly explore these concepts:

Assimilation:

• Assimilation refers to the process by which members of one cultural or social group adopt the customs, values, and practices of another group, often resulting in a blending or merging of the two cultures.
• It typically occurs when there is a dominant or more powerful culture or society that influences or absorbs a less dominant or marginalized group.
• Assimilation can be voluntary, where individuals or communities willingly embrace the new culture, or it can be forced, often through political or social pressures.
• Over time, assimilation can lead to the loss of distinct cultural identities and the emergence of a more homogenous society.

Percussion:

• Percussion, on the other hand, refers to the conflicts, tensions, and clashes that arise when two opposing native societies or communities interact.
• These conflicts can be cultural, social, political, or economic in nature, and they often occur due to differences in values, beliefs, interests, or goals.
• Percussion can manifest in various forms, including social unrest, violence, discrimination, or even warfare.
• The outcome of percussion is often the preservation of distinct cultural identities, as the opposing groups resist assimilation.

In summary, assimilation involves the blending or merging of two opposite native societies or communities, leading to the adoption of one group's culture by the other. In contrast, percussion represents conflicts and tensions that arise when these opposing groups interact, often resulting in the preservation of their distinct cultural identities. Both assimilation and percussion are complex processes with significant social, cultural, and historical implications.

Q18: What difference do you see in the Industrial Revolution of England and its impulses in America? Discuss.
Ans: The Industrial Revolution in England and its impulses in America shared similarities but also had key differences. These differences can be attributed to factors such as timing, scale, and the specific contexts of each region. Let's discuss the distinctions between the Industrial Revolution in England and its impact on America:

1. Timing and Onset:

• England: The Industrial Revolution began in Britain in the late 18th century, with significant industrialization occurring during the late 18th and early 19th centuries. It was characterized by the mechanization of industries, the growth of factories, and the widespread use of steam power.
• America: The Industrial Revolution in America occurred later, with its major phase taking place in the mid-19th century, roughly from the 1820s to the late 19th century. American industrialization followed the British model but lagged behind in terms of timing.

2. Scale and Impact:

• England: The Industrial Revolution in England was the first of its kind and was on a larger scale. It transformed the British economy, society, and global influence. Key industries included textiles, iron and steel production, and coal mining.
• America: The American Industrial Revolution, while significant, was not as large in scale as the British one. Nevertheless, it had a profound impact on the U.S. economy and society. Industries such as textiles, manufacturing, and agriculture were major drivers of American industrialization.

3. Technological Transfer:

• England: Britain had a head start in developing and adopting industrial technologies. Many of the early innovations, such as the spinning jenny, power loom, and steam engine, originated in England.
• America: America benefited from the transfer of British industrial technologies, including textile machinery and steam engines. American inventors and entrepreneurs also made important contributions, such as Eli Whitney's cotton gin and Samuel Morse's telegraph.

4. Labor and Immigration:

• England: The Industrial Revolution in Britain was marked by the migration of rural populations to urban industrial centers. It led to significant urbanization and the rise of a working class.
• America: In the United States, industrialization was fueled by a combination of urbanization and immigration. Immigrants from Europe, including Ireland and Germany, played a crucial role in providing labor for American industries.

5. Economic and Social Consequences:

• England: The British Industrial Revolution had profound economic and social consequences, including wealth generation, urbanization, labor disputes, and the emergence of a middle class.
• America: The American Industrial Revolution contributed to economic growth, westward expansion, and the development of a more industrialized and diversified economy. It also brought about social changes, such as the rise of industrial capitalism and labor movements.

In summary, the Industrial Revolution in England and its impulses in America were interconnected but had distinct characteristics and timelines. England's industrialization served as a model and a source of inspiration for American industrial development. While both experiences shared common elements, including technological advancements and urbanization, they differed in terms of timing, scale, and specific industries, resulting in unique trajectories and impacts in each region.

Q19: Why would have the chief counted the river water as the blood of his ancestors?
Ans: Adaptation to the environment tends to harness inner conscience, and the vicissitudes of nature and man are missed. They are merged within one, the same way as at the moment of concluded research, a scientist bursts into ecstasy. He forgets even the outer senses. Such someway happens much or less is the long cohesion with the land or a particular landscape. Ancestors are in their memory even at the home appliances, the buildings, cow sheds, each field in which they worked, etc. As reminiscence increases heart beats owing to much blood required for regression or reopening the store-kit; hence, the larger flow of blood immediately locks the ten apertures of the body, e.g... eye, nose, ear, etc. in order to prepare the ground for inner musings.
It exemplarily exhibits how much, the people in past America had burning love and affection for the earth. The same land of North America through its inhabitants is now playing the game on its other side. Eg. Europeans looted Americans by their emotional exploitation in transactions of goods and lands and now it is America, a shrewd oppressor in the world playing with business ties including loaning strategy.

Q20: Discuss the different images that Europeans and Native Americans had of each other and the different ways in which they saw the natives.
Ans: The European and Native American perspectives and images of each other were shaped by cultural, historical, and societal factors, leading to distinct perceptions and stereotypes. Here, we'll explore some of the key differences in how Europeans and Native Americans saw each other:
European Perceptions of Native Americans:

• Savagery vs. Civilization: Many Europeans viewed Native Americans as "savages" due to their different customs, clothing, and lifestyles. Europeans considered their own societies as more advanced and civilized.
• Religious Differences: Europeans often saw Native American spiritual practices, which were deeply connected to nature, as pagan or heathen. This led to the belief that Native Americans needed conversion to Christianity.
• Economic Opportunity: Europeans saw the Americas as a land of economic opportunity, rich in resources. This perspective fueled the desire to colonize and extract wealth from the continent.
• Conquest and Domination: European explorers and settlers often regarded Native Americans as obstacles to their ambitions of conquest and domination. This perception contributed to conflicts and the displacement of Native American populations.

Native American Perceptions of Europeans:

• The Arrival of "Otherworldly" Beings: Native Americans initially viewed the arrival of Europeans as a unique and unfamiliar event. Some saw the Europeans as "otherworldly" beings due to their different appearance, clothing, and advanced technology.
• Trade Partners and Allies: In some instances, Native Americans initially welcomed European explorers as potential trade partners and allies. They engaged in trade and exchanged goods, forming early alliances.
• Cultural Curiosity: Native Americans often showed curiosity about European customs, objects, and technology. They were open to learning and adopting elements of European culture when it was mutually beneficial.
• Conflict and Resistance: As Europeans encroached on Native American territories, conflicts arose. Native Americans perceived Europeans as invaders who threatened their way of life and sought to defend their lands and cultures.
• Disease and Devastation: The introduction of European diseases, to which Native Americans had no immunity, led to catastrophic population declines. Native Americans came to associate Europeans with disease and death.
• Religious Conversions: Some Native Americans were exposed to Christianity through European missionaries. While some converted, others saw these efforts as a threat to their traditional beliefs.

It's essential to recognize that both Europeans and Native Americans represented diverse groups with varying attitudes and perceptions. These generalizations do not capture the full complexity of interactions and relationships between different European and Native American communities. Over time, as interactions continued and cultures blended, perceptions on both sides evolved and adapted to new circumstances. Nevertheless, these initial images and stereotypes played a significant role in shaping the early encounters and relationships between Europeans and Native Americans in the Americas.