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Improvement in Food Resources Class 9 Notes Science Chapter 12

Food and Nutrition

  • Essential Nutrients: Food supplies proteins, carbs, fats, vitamins, and minerals for growth and health.
  • Sources: Derived from plants and animals through agriculture and animal husbandry.

Need for Increased Production

  • Population Growth: India's population over a billion and growing, necessitating higher food production.
  • Land Limitation: Limited scope for expanding cultivable land; focus on enhancing production efficiency.

Sustainable Practices

  • Environmental Concerns: Intensive use of natural resources; need for environmentally friendly methods in agriculture and animal husbandry.
  • Food Security: Not just availability but also accessibility; importance of increasing the income of agricultural workers.
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Crop Improvement and Management

  • Crop Variety Improvement: Breeding for high yield, disease resistance, and better quality.
  • Hybridization and GMOs: Cross-breeding and genetic modification for improved crops.
  • Nutrient Management: Use of manure and fertilizers for soil enrichment.
  • Irrigation: Diverse methods like wells, canals, river lift systems, and tanks; importance in crop yield.
  • Cropping Patterns: Mixed cropping, inter-cropping, crop rotation to maximize use of resources.
  • Crop Protection: Managing weeds, pests, and diseases through pesticides and other practices.

Animal Husbandry

  • Cattle Farming: For milk and draught labour; focus on breed improvement and proper care.
  • Poultry Farming: Egg and meat production; cross-breeding for improved varieties.
  • Fish Production: Capture and culture fishing in marine and freshwater; composite fish culture for higher yield.
  • Bee-Keeping: For honey and wax; use of local and Italian bee varieties; importance of pasturage.
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Key Takeaways

  • Macro vs. Micro-Nutrients: Essential for crop growth, supplied via soil, air, and water.
  • Organic Farming: Emphasizes minimal chemical use and maximum organic inputs.
  • Animal Care: Essential in farming for health and productivity.
  • Technology in Farming: Echo-sounders and satellites in marine fishing; hormonal stimulation in fish breeding.
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Focus on Sustainability

  • Balancing high food production with environmental conservation and sustainable practices is crucial.

The document Improvement in Food Resources Class 9 Notes Science Chapter 12 is a part of the Class 9 Course Science Class 9.
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