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C e l l
Structure and basic functions
These components work together to maintain cellular 
homeostasis and perform essential life activities.
Storage and transportation
They manage nutrients, eliminate waste, 
and regulate metabolic processes.
Basic and fundamental unit of life, it
possesses a highly organized structure that
enables it to carry out its vital functions.
Protein synthesis
Building and repairing cellular structures, regulating biological
processes, and expressing specific characteristics of each organism.
Energy supply
To carry out vital functions and necessary metabolic processes
essential for the proper functioning of the cell and/or organism.
Cellular digestion
It involves breaking down molecules and unwanted materials,
enabling the recycling of nutrients and cellular maintenance.
Support and movement
Maintaining cellular shape, enabling cellular movement 
and division, are essential for its functioning and survival.
Cell membrane Cell nucleus Cytoplasm
Ribosome Golgi apparatus
Endoplasmic reticulum
Chloroplasts Mitochondria
Peroxisomes Lysosomes
Vesicles and endosomes Vacuoles
Cytoskeleton Flagella and cilia
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FAQs on Infographics: The Fundamental Unit of Life - Science Class 9

1. What is the fundamental unit of life?
Ans. The fundamental unit of life is the cell. Cells are the basic building blocks of all living organisms, and they perform essential functions necessary for life, such as energy production, metabolism, and reproduction.
2. How do cells differ between plant and animal organisms?
Ans. Plant cells have a rigid cell wall, chloroplasts for photosynthesis, and large central vacuoles for storage. In contrast, animal cells lack a cell wall and chloroplasts and usually have smaller vacuoles. These differences allow plants and animals to adapt to their environments in distinct ways.
3. What are the main components of a cell?
Ans. The main components of a cell include the cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, and, in plant cells, chloroplasts. Each component has specific functions, such as energy production, genetic information storage, and protein synthesis.
4. What is the role of the cell membrane?
Ans. The cell membrane acts as a protective barrier that regulates what enters and exits the cell. It is selectively permeable, meaning it allows certain substances to pass while blocking others, thus maintaining the cell's internal environment.
5. How do cells reproduce?
Ans. Cells reproduce through a process called cell division. In eukaryotic cells, this typically occurs via mitosis for somatic (body) cells and meiosis for gametes (sex cells). Mitosis results in two identical daughter cells, while meiosis produces four genetically diverse cells.
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