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Irodov Solutions: Mechanical Oscillations- 2 | I. E. Irodov Solutions for Physics Class 11 & Class 12 - JEE PDF Download

Q. 11. A point participates simultaneously in two harmonic oscillations of the same direction: x=  a cos ωt and
  x = a cos 2ωt.
  Find the maximum velocity of the point. 

Ans.  Given , x1 = a cos ωt and x 2 = a cos 2 ωt 

so, the net displacement,

Irodov Solutions: Mechanical Oscillations- 2 | I. E. Irodov Solutions for Physics Class 11 & Class 12 - JEE

Irodov Solutions: Mechanical Oscillations- 2 | I. E. Irodov Solutions for Physics Class 11 & Class 12 - JEE

Solving for acceptable value

cos ωt = 0.644 

thus sin ωt = 0.765

and Irodov Solutions: Mechanical Oscillations- 2 | I. E. Irodov Solutions for Physics Class 11 & Class 12 - JEE

 

Q. 12. The superposition of two harmonic oscillations of the same direction results in the oscillation of a point according to the law x = a cos 2.1t cos 50.0t, where t is expressed in seconds. Find the angular frequencies of the constituent oscillations and the period with which they beat. 

Ans. We write : 

Irodov Solutions: Mechanical Oscillations- 2 | I. E. Irodov Solutions for Physics Class 11 & Class 12 - JEE

Thus the angular frequencies of constituent oscillations are 

52.1 s-1 and 47.9 s-1 

To get the beat period note that the variable amplitude a cos 2.1t becomes maximum (positive or negative), when

2.1t = nπ Thus the interval between two maxima is

Irodov Solutions: Mechanical Oscillations- 2 | I. E. Irodov Solutions for Physics Class 11 & Class 12 - JEE

 

Q. 13. A point A oscillates according to a certain harmonic law in the reference frame K' which in its turn performs harmonic oscillations relative to the reference frame K. Both oscillations occur along the same direction. When the K' frame oscillates at the frequency 20 or 24 Hz, the beat frequency of the point A in the K frame turns 167 out to be equal to v. At what frequency of oscillation of the frame K' will the beat frequency of the point A become equal to 2v? 

Ans.  If the frequency of A with respect to K' is v0 and K ' oscillates with frequencyIrodov Solutions: Mechanical Oscillations- 2 | I. E. Irodov Solutions for Physics Class 11 & Class 12 - JEEwith respect to K, the beat frequency of the point A in the .K-frame will be v when

Irodov Solutions: Mechanical Oscillations- 2 | I. E. Irodov Solutions for Physics Class 11 & Class 12 - JEE

In the present case Irodov Solutions: Mechanical Oscillations- 2 | I. E. Irodov Solutions for Physics Class 11 & Class 12 - JEE = 20 or 24.

This means v0 - 22. & v - 2

Thus beats of 2v = 4 will be heard when Irodov Solutions: Mechanical Oscillations- 2 | I. E. Irodov Solutions for Physics Class 11 & Class 12 - JEE = 26 or 18 .

 

Q. 14. A point moves in the plane xy according to the law x = a sin ωt, y = b cos ωt, where a, b, and ω are positive constants. Find: 

(a) the trajectory equation y (x) of the point and the direction of its motion along this trajectory; 

(b) the acceleration ω of the point as a function of its radius vector r relative to the origin of coordinates. 

Ans.  (a) From the Eqn : x = a sin ωt

Irodov Solutions: Mechanical Oscillations- 2 | I. E. Irodov Solutions for Physics Class 11 & Class 12 - JEE    (1)

And from the equation :

Irodov Solutions: Mechanical Oscillations- 2 | I. E. Irodov Solutions for Physics Class 11 & Class 12 - JEE          (2)

From Eqns (1) and (2), we get :

Irodov Solutions: Mechanical Oscillations- 2 | I. E. Irodov Solutions for Physics Class 11 & Class 12 - JEE

which is the standard equation of the ellipse shown in the figure, we observe that,

at               t = 0 , x = 0 and y = b

and at

Irodov Solutions: Mechanical Oscillations- 2 | I. E. Irodov Solutions for Physics Class 11 & Class 12 - JEE

Thus we observe that at t = 0, the point is at point 1 (Fig.) and at the following moments, the co-ordinate y diminishes and x becomes positive. Consequently the motion is clockwise.

(b) As x = d sin ωt and y=b cos ωt

Irodov Solutions: Mechanical Oscillations- 2 | I. E. Irodov Solutions for Physics Class 11 & Class 12 - JEE

 

Q. 15. Find the trajectory equation y (x) of a point if it moves according to the following laws: 

(a) x = a sin ωt, y = a sin 2ωt; 

(b) x = a sin cot, y = a cos 2ωt. 

Plot these trajectories. 

Ans.  (a) From the Eqn. : x = a sin ωt , we have

Irodov Solutions: Mechanical Oscillations- 2 | I. E. Irodov Solutions for Physics Class 11 & Class 12 - JEE

and from the Eqn. :y = a sin 2 ωt

Irodov Solutions: Mechanical Oscillations- 2 | I. E. Irodov Solutions for Physics Class 11 & Class 12 - JEE

(b) From the Eqn. : x = a sin ωt

sin2 ωt = x 2/a 2

Fromy = a cos 2 ωt

Irodov Solutions: Mechanical Oscillations- 2 | I. E. Irodov Solutions for Physics Class 11 & Class 12 - JEE

For tiie plots see the plots of answersheet of tlve problem book.

 

Q. 16. A particle of mass m is located in a unidimensional potential field where the potential energy of the particle depends on the coordinate x as U (x) = U0  (1 — cos ax); U0  and a are constants. Find the period of small oscillations that the particle performs about the equilibrium position. 

Ans. As U ( x ) = U( 1 - cos ax)

So, Irodov Solutions: Mechanical Oscillations- 2 | I. E. Irodov Solutions for Physics Class 11 & Class 12 - JEE(1)

 or,   Fx = - U0 a a x (because for small angle o f oscillations sin a x = a x )

 or,  Irodov Solutions: Mechanical Oscillations- 2 | I. E. Irodov Solutions for Physics Class 11 & Class 12 - JEE          (1)

But we know Irodov Solutions: Mechanical Oscillations- 2 | I. E. Irodov Solutions for Physics Class 11 & Class 12 - JEE , for small oscillation

Thus Irodov Solutions: Mechanical Oscillations- 2 | I. E. Irodov Solutions for Physics Class 11 & Class 12 - JEE

Hence the sought time period

Irodov Solutions: Mechanical Oscillations- 2 | I. E. Irodov Solutions for Physics Class 11 & Class 12 - JEE

 

Q. 17. Solve the foregoing problem if the potential energy has the form U (x) = alx2  — blx, where a and b are positive constants. 

Ans. Irodov Solutions: Mechanical Oscillations- 2 | I. E. Irodov Solutions for Physics Class 11 & Class 12 - JEE

then the equilibrium position is x = xwhen U" (x0) = 0

or,  Irodov Solutions: Mechanical Oscillations- 2 | I. E. Irodov Solutions for Physics Class 11 & Class 12 - JEE

Now write :        x = x0+ y

Irodov Solutions: Mechanical Oscillations- 2 | I. E. Irodov Solutions for Physics Class 11 & Class 12 - JEE

 So finally : Irodov Solutions: Mechanical Oscillations- 2 | I. E. Irodov Solutions for Physics Class 11 & Class 12 - JEE

We neglect remaining terms for small oscillations and compare with the P.E. for a harmonic, oscillator :

Irodov Solutions: Mechanical Oscillations- 2 | I. E. Irodov Solutions for Physics Class 11 & Class 12 - JEE

Thus Irodov Solutions: Mechanical Oscillations- 2 | I. E. Irodov Solutions for Physics Class 11 & Class 12 - JEE

Note : Equilibrium position is generally a minimum of the potential energy. Then U' ( xo ) - 0 , U" ( x) > 0 . The equilibrium position can in principle be a maxim um but then U" (xo) < 0 and the frequency of oscillations about this equilibrium position will be imaginary.
The answer given in the book is incorrect both numerically and dimensionally.

 

Q. 18. Find the period of small oscillations in a vertical plane performed by a ball of mass m = 40 g fixed at the middle of a horizontally stretched string l = 1.0 m in length. The tension of the string is assumed to be constant and equal to F = 10 N. 

Ans. Let us locate and depict the forces acting on the ball at the position when it is at a distance x down from the undeformed position of the string.
At this position, the unbalanced downward force on the ball

= mg - 2.F sinθ

Irodov Solutions: Mechanical Oscillations- 2 | I. E. Irodov Solutions for Physics Class 11 & Class 12 - JEE

Irodov Solutions: Mechanical Oscillations- 2 | I. E. Irodov Solutions for Physics Class 11 & Class 12 - JEE 

Irodov Solutions: Mechanical Oscillations- 2 | I. E. Irodov Solutions for Physics Class 11 & Class 12 - JEE

Irodov Solutions: Mechanical Oscillations- 2 | I. E. Irodov Solutions for Physics Class 11 & Class 12 - JEE

 

Q. 19. Determine the period of small oscillations of a mathematical pendulum, that is a ball suspended by a thread l = 20 cm in length, if it is located in a liquid whose density is η = 3.0 times less than that of the ball. The resistance of the liquid is to be neglected. 

Ans. Let us depict the forces acting on the oscillating ball at an arbitraty angular position 0. (Fig.), relative to equilibrium position where FB is the force of buoyancy. For the ball from the equation :

Irodov Solutions: Mechanical Oscillations- 2 | I. E. Irodov Solutions for Physics Class 11 & Class 12 - JEE

Nz - Iβz (where w e have taken the positive sense of Z axis in the direction of angular velocity i.e. Irodov Solutions: Mechanical Oscillations- 2 | I. E. Irodov Solutions for Physics Class 11 & Class 12 - JEE of the ball and passes through the point of suspension of the pendulum O ), we get :

Irodov Solutions: Mechanical Oscillations- 2 | I. E. Irodov Solutions for Physics Class 11 & Class 12 - JEE       (1)

Using Irodov Solutions: Mechanical Oscillations- 2 | I. E. Irodov Solutions for Physics Class 11 & Class 12 - JEEand sin θ = θ for small θ, in Eqn (1), we get :

Irodov Solutions: Mechanical Oscillations- 2 | I. E. Irodov Solutions for Physics Class 11 & Class 12 - JEE

Thus the sought time period

Irodov Solutions: Mechanical Oscillations- 2 | I. E. Irodov Solutions for Physics Class 11 & Class 12 - JEE

Hence Irodov Solutions: Mechanical Oscillations- 2 | I. E. Irodov Solutions for Physics Class 11 & Class 12 - JEE

 

Q. 20. A ball is suspended by a thread of length l at the point 0 on the wall, forming a small angle α with the vertical (Fig. 4.1). Then 

Irodov Solutions: Mechanical Oscillations- 2 | I. E. Irodov Solutions for Physics Class 11 & Class 12 - JEE

the thread with the ball was deviated through a small angle β(β > α) and set free. Assuming the collision of the ball against the wall to be perfectly elastic, find the oscillation period of such a pendulum. 

Ans. Obviously for small p the ball execute part of S.H.M. Due to the perfectly elastic collision the velocity of ball simply reversed. As the ball is in S.H.M. (|θ| < α on the left)its motion law in differential from can be written as

Irodov Solutions: Mechanical Oscillations- 2 | I. E. Irodov Solutions for Physics Class 11 & Class 12 - JEE      (1)

 If we assume that the ball is released from the extreme position, θ = β at t = 0, the solution of differential equation would be taken in the form

Irodov Solutions: Mechanical Oscillations- 2 | I. E. Irodov Solutions for Physics Class 11 & Class 12 - JEE          (2)

If t ' be the time taken by the ball to go from the extreme position θ = β to the wall i.e. θ = - α , then Eqn. (2) can be rewritten as

Irodov Solutions: Mechanical Oscillations- 2 | I. E. Irodov Solutions for Physics Class 11 & Class 12 - JEE 

Irodov Solutions: Mechanical Oscillations- 2 | I. E. Irodov Solutions for Physics Class 11 & Class 12 - JEE

The document Irodov Solutions: Mechanical Oscillations- 2 | I. E. Irodov Solutions for Physics Class 11 & Class 12 - JEE is a part of the JEE Course I. E. Irodov Solutions for Physics Class 11 & Class 12.
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FAQs on Irodov Solutions: Mechanical Oscillations- 2 - I. E. Irodov Solutions for Physics Class 11 & Class 12 - JEE

1. What is the equation of motion for a mechanical oscillator?
Ans. The equation of motion for a mechanical oscillator can be described by the equation m(d^2x/dt^2) + kx = 0, where m is the mass of the oscillator, k is the spring constant, x is the displacement of the oscillator from its equilibrium position, and t is time.
2. How is the time period of a mechanical oscillator related to its mass and spring constant?
Ans. The time period of a mechanical oscillator is given by T = 2π√(m/k), where T is the time period, m is the mass of the oscillator, and k is the spring constant. This equation shows that the time period is inversely proportional to the square root of the spring constant and directly proportional to the square root of the mass.
3. What is the amplitude of a mechanical oscillator?
Ans. The amplitude of a mechanical oscillator is the maximum displacement from its equilibrium position during one complete cycle of motion. It represents the maximum energy stored in the oscillator and is determined by the magnitude of the driving force and the system's damping.
4. What is the relationship between the frequency and angular frequency of a mechanical oscillator?
Ans. The frequency (f) of a mechanical oscillator is related to its angular frequency (ω) by the equation ω = 2πf. The angular frequency represents the rate at which the oscillator oscillates in radians per unit time, while the frequency represents the rate in cycles per unit time.
5. How does damping affect the motion of a mechanical oscillator?
Ans. Damping in a mechanical oscillator refers to the dissipation of energy from the system, leading to a decrease in amplitude over time. It can be categorized as underdamping, where the oscillator undergoes oscillations with decreasing amplitude, overdamping, where the oscillator returns to equilibrium without oscillation, or critical damping, where the oscillator returns to equilibrium in the shortest possible time without oscillation. Damping affects the motion by altering the time period, amplitude, and phase of the oscillator.
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