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Q. 106. A small disc A is placed on an inclined plane forming an angle a with the horizontal (Fig. 1.27) and is imparted an initial velocity v0. Find how the velocity of the disc depends on the angle y if the friction coefficient k = tan α and at the initial moment yo  = = π/2. 

Ans. The acceleration of the disc along the plane is determined by the projection of the force of gravity on this plane Fx = mg sin α and the friction force fr = kmg cos α . In our case k = tan α and therefore

Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE

Let us find the projection of the acceleration on the derection of the tangent to the trajectory and on the x-axis :

Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE

It is seen fromthis that wt = - wx, which means that the velocity v and its projection vx differ only by a constant value C which does not change with time, i.e.

Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE

Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE

where  Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE . The constant C is found from the initial condition v = v0, whence Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE initially. Finally we obtain

Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE

In the cource of time Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE (Motion then is unaccelerated.)


Q. 107. A chain of length l is placed on a smooth spherical surface of radius R with one of its ends fixed at the top of the sphere. What will be the acceleration w of each element of the chain when its upper end is released? It is assumed that the length of the chain Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE

Ans. Let us consider an element of length ds at an angle qp from the vertical diameter. As the speed of this element is zero at initial instant of time, it's centripetal acceleration is zero, and hence,  Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE  where λ is the linear mass density o f the chain Let  Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEEbe the tension at the upper and the lower ends of ds. we have from, Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE

Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE
or,  Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE

If we sum the above equation for all elements, the term   Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE because there is no tension at the free ends, so

Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE

Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE

Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE


Q. 108. A small body is placed on the top of a smooth sphere of radius R. Then the sphere is imparted a constant acceleration w0 in the horizontal direction and the body begins sliding down. Find:
 (a) the velocity of the body relative to the sphere at the moment of break-off;
 (b) the angle θ0 between the vertical and the radius vector drawn from the centre of the sphere to the break-off point; calculate θ0 for w0 = g.

Ans. In the problem, we require the velocity of the body, realtive to the sphere, which itself moves with an acceleration w0 in horizontal direction (say towards left). Hence it is advisible to solve the problem in the frame of sphere (non-inertial frame).
At an arbitary moment, when the body is at an angle θ with the vertical, we sketch the force diagram for the body and write the second law of motion in projection form 

Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE
Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE
Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE
Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE
Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE   (3)

Note that the Eq. (3) can also be obtained by the work-energy theorem A = ΔT (in the frame of sphere)

therefore, Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE
Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE
or,  Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE
Solving Eqs. (2) and (3) we get,

Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE

Hence  Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE


Q. 109. A particle moves in a plane under the action of a force which is always perpendicular to the particle's velocity and depends on a distance to a certain point on the plane as 1/rn, where n is a constant. At what value of n will the motion of the particle along the circle be steady? 

Ans. This is not central force problem unless the path is a circle about the said point. Rather here Ft (tangential force) vanishes. Thus equation of motion becomes,

Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE

and,  Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE

We can consider the latter equation as the equilibrium under two forces. When the motion is perturbed, we write r = r0 + x and the net force acting on the particle is,

Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE

This is opposite to the displacement  Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE is an outward directed centrifiigul force while  Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEEis thd inward directed external force).


Q. 110. A sleeve A can slide freely along a smooth rod bent in the shape of a half-circle of radius R (Fig. 1.28). The system is set in rotation with a constant angular velocity ω about a vertical axis OO'. Find the angle θ corresponding to the steady position of the sleeve. 

Ans. There are two forces on the sleeve, the weight F1 and the centrifugal force F2. We resolve both forces into tangential and normal component then the net downward tangential force on the sleeve is,

Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE

is always positive for small values of 0 and hence the net tangential force near θ = 0  opposes any displacement away from it. θ = 0 is then stable.

Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE

Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE

However Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE is stable because the force tends to bring the sleeve near the equilibrium position Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE

If ω2R = g, the two positions coincide and becomes a stable equilibrium point.


Q. 111. A rifle was aimed at the vertical line on the target located precisely in the northern direction, and then fired. Assuming the air drag to be negligible, find how much off the line, and in what direction, will the bullet hit the target. The shot was fired in the horizontal direction at the latitude φ = 60°, the bullet velocity v = 900 m/s, and the distance from the target equals s = 1.0 km. 

Ans. Define the axes as shown with z along the local vertical, x due east and y due north. (We assume we are in the northern hemisphere). Then the Coriolis force has the components.

Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE

Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEEIrodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE

Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE

Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE

Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE


Q. 112. A horizontal disc rotates with a constant angular velocity ω = 6.0 rad/s about a vertical axis passing through its centre. A small body of mass m = 0.50 kg moves along a diameter of the disc with a velocity v' = 50 cm/s which is constant relative to the disc. Find the force that the disc exerts on the body at the moment when it is located at the distance r = 30 cm from the rotation axis. 

Ans. The disc exerts three forces which are mutually perpendicular. They are the reaction of the weight, mgy vertically upward, the Coriolis force 2mv' ω perpendicular to the plane of the vertical and along the diameter, and mω2r outward along the diameter. The resultant force is,

  Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE


Q. 113. A horizontal smooth rod AB rotates with a constant angular velocity ω = 2.00 rad/s about a vertical axis passing through its end A. A freely sliding sleeve of mass m = 0.50 kg moves along the rod from the point A with the initial velocity v0  = 1.00 m/s. Find the Coriolis force acting on the sleeve (in the reference frame fixed to the rotating rod) at the moment when the sleeve is located at the distance r = 50 cm from the rotation axis. 

Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE

Ans. The sleeve is free to slide along the rod AB. Thus only the centrifugal force acts on it.

The equation is,

Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE

so,  Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE
or,  Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE

v0 being the initial velocity when r = 0. The Coriolis force is then,

Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE


Q. 114. A horizontal disc of radius R rotates with a constant angular velocity ω about a stationary vertical axis passing through its edge. Along the circumference of the disc a particle of mass m moves with a velocity that is constant relative to the disc. At the moment when the particle is at the maximum distance from the rotation axis, the resultant of the inertial forces Fin acting on the particle in the reference frame fixed to the disc turns into zero. Find:
 (a) the acceleration ω' of the particle relative to the disc;
 (b) the dependence of Fin  on the distance from the rotation axis. 

Ans. The disc OBAC is rotating with angular velocity ω about the axis OO' passing through the edge point O. The equation of motion in rotating frame is,

Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE

where  Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE is the resultant inertial force. (pseudo force) which is the vector sum of centrifugal and Coriolis forces.

Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE

Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE

where  Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE the inward drawn unit vector to the centre from the point in question, here A.

Thus,  Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE

so,  Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE

(b) At B  Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE

its magnitude is  Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE


Q. 115. A small body of mass m = 0.30 kg starts sliding down from the top of a smooth sphere of radius R = 1.00 m. The sphere rotates with a constant angular velocity ω = 6.0 rad/s about a vertical axis passing through its centre. Find the centrifugal force of inertia and the Coriolis force at the moment when the body breaks off the surface of the sphere in the reference frame fixed to the sphere.

Ans. The equation of motion in the rotating coordinate system is,

Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE
Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE
Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE

Thus the equation of motion are,

Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEEIrodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE
Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEEIrodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE

Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE

A result that is easy to understant by considering the motion in non-rotating frame. The eliminating φ we get,

Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE

Integrating the last equation

Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE

Hence

Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE

So the body must fly off for  Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE exactly as if the sphere were nonrotating.

Now, at this point  Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE

Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE


Q. 116. A train of mass m = 2000 tons moves in the latitude φ = 60° North. Find:
 (a) the magnitude and direction of the lateral force that the train exerts on the rails if it moves along a meridian with a velocity v = 54 km per hour;
 (b) in what direction and with what velocity the train should move for the resultant of the inertial forces acting on the train in the reference frame fixed to the Earth to be equal to zero.

Ans. (a) When the train is moving along a meridian only the Coriolis force has a lateral component and its magnitude (see the previous problem) is,

Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE

So,  Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE

= 3.77 kN, (we write λ for the latitude)

(b) The resultant of the inertial forces acting on the train is,

Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE

Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE

Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE

Thus  Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE

(We write λ for the latitude here)

Thus the train must move from the east to west along the 60th parallel with a speed,

Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE


Q. 117. At the equator a stationary (relative to the Earth) body falls down from the height h = 500 m. Assuming the air drag to be negligible, find how much off the vertical, and in what direction, the body will deviate when it hits the ground. 

Ans. We go to the equation given in 1.111. Here vy = 0 so we can take y = 0, thus we get for the motion in the Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE .

Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE

and    Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE

Integrating,   Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE

Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE

So Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE

    Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE

There is thus a displacement to the east of

Irodov Solutions: The Fundamental Equation of Dynamics - 4 - JEE

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