Page 1
Plant Tissue Systems
Institute of Life Long Learning, University of Delhi
0
Lesson Prepared Under MHRD project “National Mission on
Education Through ICT”
Discipline: Botany
Paper: Plant Anatomy
National Coordinator: Prof. S.C. Bhatla
Lesson: Plant Tissue Systems
Lesson Developer: Dr Arun Kumar Maurya,
Dr Anita Rani
Department/College: Dyal Singh College
Lesson Reviewer: Dr Basudha Sharma
Department/College: MM (PG) College,Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh
Language Editor: Dr Sonal Bhatnagar
Department/College: Hindu College
Lesson Editor: Dr Rama Sisodia, Fellow in Botany ILLL
Page 2
Plant Tissue Systems
Institute of Life Long Learning, University of Delhi
0
Lesson Prepared Under MHRD project “National Mission on
Education Through ICT”
Discipline: Botany
Paper: Plant Anatomy
National Coordinator: Prof. S.C. Bhatla
Lesson: Plant Tissue Systems
Lesson Developer: Dr Arun Kumar Maurya,
Dr Anita Rani
Department/College: Dyal Singh College
Lesson Reviewer: Dr Basudha Sharma
Department/College: MM (PG) College,Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh
Language Editor: Dr Sonal Bhatnagar
Department/College: Hindu College
Lesson Editor: Dr Rama Sisodia, Fellow in Botany ILLL
Plant Tissue Systems
Institute of Life Long Learning, University of Delhi
1
Table of Contents
Lesson: Plant Tissue System
? Introduction
? Meristematic tissue
? Characteristic Properties of meristematic cells
? Classification of Meristems
? Based on origin
? Based on location/position
? Based on differentiation
? The Tissue System
? Classification
? Epidermal/Dermal tissue system
? Ground tissue system
? Vascular tissue system
? Summary
? Glossary
? Exercises
? References
Page 3
Plant Tissue Systems
Institute of Life Long Learning, University of Delhi
0
Lesson Prepared Under MHRD project “National Mission on
Education Through ICT”
Discipline: Botany
Paper: Plant Anatomy
National Coordinator: Prof. S.C. Bhatla
Lesson: Plant Tissue Systems
Lesson Developer: Dr Arun Kumar Maurya,
Dr Anita Rani
Department/College: Dyal Singh College
Lesson Reviewer: Dr Basudha Sharma
Department/College: MM (PG) College,Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh
Language Editor: Dr Sonal Bhatnagar
Department/College: Hindu College
Lesson Editor: Dr Rama Sisodia, Fellow in Botany ILLL
Plant Tissue Systems
Institute of Life Long Learning, University of Delhi
1
Table of Contents
Lesson: Plant Tissue System
? Introduction
? Meristematic tissue
? Characteristic Properties of meristematic cells
? Classification of Meristems
? Based on origin
? Based on location/position
? Based on differentiation
? The Tissue System
? Classification
? Epidermal/Dermal tissue system
? Ground tissue system
? Vascular tissue system
? Summary
? Glossary
? Exercises
? References
Plant Tissue Systems
Institute of Life Long Learning, University of Delhi
2
Introduction
The cell arises from preexisting cells. In plant body, diverse type of cells forms various
types of tissues. Their structure and function are dependent on their location. These cells
originated from specialized uncommitted cells known as meristematic cells.
Meristematic tissue
In vascular plant, zygote after the division produces new cells that develop into new organs.
Later on embryo becomes an independent plant; the addition of new cells is gradually
restricted to certain regions which remain embryonic in nature throughout plant life. Thus
the plant body consists of mixture of embryonic and mature tissue. The embryonic tissues
consisting of uncommitted cells which are primarily concerned with the formation of new
cells are called as meristems. These cells are responsible for continuous growth of the plant
body.
Figure: Meristamatic cells showing different divisional stages.
Source: http://quizlet.com/21508592/combo-with-biology-test-review-cellular-respiration-
photosynthesis-dna-and-mitosis-and-1-other-flash-cards/
Characteristic properties
The characteristic features of meristematic cells are:
? Cells are small, rectangular or isodiametric compared to mature cells.
? The cells are compactly arranged i.e. they lack intercellular spaces between them.
Page 4
Plant Tissue Systems
Institute of Life Long Learning, University of Delhi
0
Lesson Prepared Under MHRD project “National Mission on
Education Through ICT”
Discipline: Botany
Paper: Plant Anatomy
National Coordinator: Prof. S.C. Bhatla
Lesson: Plant Tissue Systems
Lesson Developer: Dr Arun Kumar Maurya,
Dr Anita Rani
Department/College: Dyal Singh College
Lesson Reviewer: Dr Basudha Sharma
Department/College: MM (PG) College,Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh
Language Editor: Dr Sonal Bhatnagar
Department/College: Hindu College
Lesson Editor: Dr Rama Sisodia, Fellow in Botany ILLL
Plant Tissue Systems
Institute of Life Long Learning, University of Delhi
1
Table of Contents
Lesson: Plant Tissue System
? Introduction
? Meristematic tissue
? Characteristic Properties of meristematic cells
? Classification of Meristems
? Based on origin
? Based on location/position
? Based on differentiation
? The Tissue System
? Classification
? Epidermal/Dermal tissue system
? Ground tissue system
? Vascular tissue system
? Summary
? Glossary
? Exercises
? References
Plant Tissue Systems
Institute of Life Long Learning, University of Delhi
2
Introduction
The cell arises from preexisting cells. In plant body, diverse type of cells forms various
types of tissues. Their structure and function are dependent on their location. These cells
originated from specialized uncommitted cells known as meristematic cells.
Meristematic tissue
In vascular plant, zygote after the division produces new cells that develop into new organs.
Later on embryo becomes an independent plant; the addition of new cells is gradually
restricted to certain regions which remain embryonic in nature throughout plant life. Thus
the plant body consists of mixture of embryonic and mature tissue. The embryonic tissues
consisting of uncommitted cells which are primarily concerned with the formation of new
cells are called as meristems. These cells are responsible for continuous growth of the plant
body.
Figure: Meristamatic cells showing different divisional stages.
Source: http://quizlet.com/21508592/combo-with-biology-test-review-cellular-respiration-
photosynthesis-dna-and-mitosis-and-1-other-flash-cards/
Characteristic properties
The characteristic features of meristematic cells are:
? Cells are small, rectangular or isodiametric compared to mature cells.
? The cells are compactly arranged i.e. they lack intercellular spaces between them.
Plant Tissue Systems
Institute of Life Long Learning, University of Delhi
3
? Each meristematic cell has a single conspicuous nucleus with transparent cytoplasm
however, lacks vacuoles.
? The cell wall is thin made up of cellulose only.
? In meristematic cells, except mitochondria all the other organelles are either absent
or if present as in plastids they are in a nonfunctional state and called as proplastids.
? These cells lack reserve food materials or secretory/ excretory products.
? The meristematic cells are inherently capable of undergoing regular and continuous
mitotic divisions and chromosomes have a similar state of mitotic division.
Classification
The meristematic tissue can be classified on the basis of origin and development of initiating
cells, plane of division, differentiation, functions and their location in the plant body.
Based on Origin
Plant meristem is classified into the following three types:
(a) Promeristem: It is also called as embryonic meristem or primordial meristem
because it develops first in the embryo and later give rise to derivative cells that
forms primary and secondary meristem. Promeristematic cells are isodiametric,
thin walled, with dense cytoplasm and conspicuous nuclei.
(b) Primary meristem: It develops from the promeristem and continues to remain
active throughout the plant life. Primary growth gives rise to the primary
permanent tissues of plant body and is responsible for primary growth of the
plant e.g. meristem found at the apex of the stem and root.
(c) Secondary meristem: Is the meristem that develops after the development of
primary meristem by a process called de-differentiation in the permanent tissues.
It is responsible for secondary growth of plant and give rise to secondary cortex
and secondary xylem e.g. cork cambium (phellogen) and vascular cambium.
Page 5
Plant Tissue Systems
Institute of Life Long Learning, University of Delhi
0
Lesson Prepared Under MHRD project “National Mission on
Education Through ICT”
Discipline: Botany
Paper: Plant Anatomy
National Coordinator: Prof. S.C. Bhatla
Lesson: Plant Tissue Systems
Lesson Developer: Dr Arun Kumar Maurya,
Dr Anita Rani
Department/College: Dyal Singh College
Lesson Reviewer: Dr Basudha Sharma
Department/College: MM (PG) College,Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh
Language Editor: Dr Sonal Bhatnagar
Department/College: Hindu College
Lesson Editor: Dr Rama Sisodia, Fellow in Botany ILLL
Plant Tissue Systems
Institute of Life Long Learning, University of Delhi
1
Table of Contents
Lesson: Plant Tissue System
? Introduction
? Meristematic tissue
? Characteristic Properties of meristematic cells
? Classification of Meristems
? Based on origin
? Based on location/position
? Based on differentiation
? The Tissue System
? Classification
? Epidermal/Dermal tissue system
? Ground tissue system
? Vascular tissue system
? Summary
? Glossary
? Exercises
? References
Plant Tissue Systems
Institute of Life Long Learning, University of Delhi
2
Introduction
The cell arises from preexisting cells. In plant body, diverse type of cells forms various
types of tissues. Their structure and function are dependent on their location. These cells
originated from specialized uncommitted cells known as meristematic cells.
Meristematic tissue
In vascular plant, zygote after the division produces new cells that develop into new organs.
Later on embryo becomes an independent plant; the addition of new cells is gradually
restricted to certain regions which remain embryonic in nature throughout plant life. Thus
the plant body consists of mixture of embryonic and mature tissue. The embryonic tissues
consisting of uncommitted cells which are primarily concerned with the formation of new
cells are called as meristems. These cells are responsible for continuous growth of the plant
body.
Figure: Meristamatic cells showing different divisional stages.
Source: http://quizlet.com/21508592/combo-with-biology-test-review-cellular-respiration-
photosynthesis-dna-and-mitosis-and-1-other-flash-cards/
Characteristic properties
The characteristic features of meristematic cells are:
? Cells are small, rectangular or isodiametric compared to mature cells.
? The cells are compactly arranged i.e. they lack intercellular spaces between them.
Plant Tissue Systems
Institute of Life Long Learning, University of Delhi
3
? Each meristematic cell has a single conspicuous nucleus with transparent cytoplasm
however, lacks vacuoles.
? The cell wall is thin made up of cellulose only.
? In meristematic cells, except mitochondria all the other organelles are either absent
or if present as in plastids they are in a nonfunctional state and called as proplastids.
? These cells lack reserve food materials or secretory/ excretory products.
? The meristematic cells are inherently capable of undergoing regular and continuous
mitotic divisions and chromosomes have a similar state of mitotic division.
Classification
The meristematic tissue can be classified on the basis of origin and development of initiating
cells, plane of division, differentiation, functions and their location in the plant body.
Based on Origin
Plant meristem is classified into the following three types:
(a) Promeristem: It is also called as embryonic meristem or primordial meristem
because it develops first in the embryo and later give rise to derivative cells that
forms primary and secondary meristem. Promeristematic cells are isodiametric,
thin walled, with dense cytoplasm and conspicuous nuclei.
(b) Primary meristem: It develops from the promeristem and continues to remain
active throughout the plant life. Primary growth gives rise to the primary
permanent tissues of plant body and is responsible for primary growth of the
plant e.g. meristem found at the apex of the stem and root.
(c) Secondary meristem: Is the meristem that develops after the development of
primary meristem by a process called de-differentiation in the permanent tissues.
It is responsible for secondary growth of plant and give rise to secondary cortex
and secondary xylem e.g. cork cambium (phellogen) and vascular cambium.
Plant Tissue Systems
Institute of Life Long Learning, University of Delhi
4
Figure: Diagrammatic representation of plant meristem based on origin.
Source: http://bio1152.nicerweb.com/Locked/media/ch35/
Based on position or location
Based on location in the plant body, meristem can be classified into the following three
types:
(a) Apical meristem: It is situated at the apex of the root and stem called as root and
shoot apex, respectively. Apical meristems comprises of actively growing regions of
plant which eventually helps in increasing the length of plant.
(b) Intercalary meristem: It is located between permanent tissues and represents
the oddment of apical meristem. Intercalary meristem is generally found either at
the nodal regions or at the base of the leaves. It contributes to the increase in
length as it brings about elongation of internodal regions, for e.g. in bamboo and
grasses. The apical and intercalary meristems are the examples of primary
meristem.
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