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Page 1 Golgi Apparatus Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi Lesson: Golgi Apparatus Lesson Developer: Rina Majumdar College/Department: Maitreyi College, University of Delhi Page 2 Golgi Apparatus Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi Lesson: Golgi Apparatus Lesson Developer: Rina Majumdar College/Department: Maitreyi College, University of Delhi Golgi Apparatus Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 1 Table of Contents Chapter: Golgi apparatus ? Introduction ? Structural organization of the Golgi Complex ? Functions performed by the Golgi Complex ? Role in Secretion ? Protein processing ? Proliferation of plasma membrane ? Metabolism of lipids and polysaccharide ? Sorting and Export of protein ? Role of Coat Proteins in cargo selection and vesicle budding ? Vesicle fusion ? Plant cell wall formation ? Acrosome development in animals ? Summary ? Exercise/ Practice ? Glossary ? References/ Bibliography/ Further Reading Page 3 Golgi Apparatus Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi Lesson: Golgi Apparatus Lesson Developer: Rina Majumdar College/Department: Maitreyi College, University of Delhi Golgi Apparatus Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 1 Table of Contents Chapter: Golgi apparatus ? Introduction ? Structural organization of the Golgi Complex ? Functions performed by the Golgi Complex ? Role in Secretion ? Protein processing ? Proliferation of plasma membrane ? Metabolism of lipids and polysaccharide ? Sorting and Export of protein ? Role of Coat Proteins in cargo selection and vesicle budding ? Vesicle fusion ? Plant cell wall formation ? Acrosome development in animals ? Summary ? Exercise/ Practice ? Glossary ? References/ Bibliography/ Further Reading Golgi Apparatus Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 2 Introduction One of the important components of the endomembrane system is the organelle- Golgi apparatus (also called Golgi complex) that is principally involved in modifications and exocytic (the outside of the cell) protein trafficking. The Golgi apparatus is organized into stacks of usually four to six (as may as 60 in unicellular flagellates) flattened membrane bound compartments called cisternae that are stacked one over the other. Figure : Electron micrograph and a diagrammatic representation of Golgi apparatus Source: http://php.med.unsw.edu.au/cellbiology/images/thumb/4/41/Golgi_apparatus_EM_and_cartoo n.jpg/391px-Golgi_apparatus_EM_and_cartoon.jpg Page 4 Golgi Apparatus Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi Lesson: Golgi Apparatus Lesson Developer: Rina Majumdar College/Department: Maitreyi College, University of Delhi Golgi Apparatus Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 1 Table of Contents Chapter: Golgi apparatus ? Introduction ? Structural organization of the Golgi Complex ? Functions performed by the Golgi Complex ? Role in Secretion ? Protein processing ? Proliferation of plasma membrane ? Metabolism of lipids and polysaccharide ? Sorting and Export of protein ? Role of Coat Proteins in cargo selection and vesicle budding ? Vesicle fusion ? Plant cell wall formation ? Acrosome development in animals ? Summary ? Exercise/ Practice ? Glossary ? References/ Bibliography/ Further Reading Golgi Apparatus Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 2 Introduction One of the important components of the endomembrane system is the organelle- Golgi apparatus (also called Golgi complex) that is principally involved in modifications and exocytic (the outside of the cell) protein trafficking. The Golgi apparatus is organized into stacks of usually four to six (as may as 60 in unicellular flagellates) flattened membrane bound compartments called cisternae that are stacked one over the other. Figure : Electron micrograph and a diagrammatic representation of Golgi apparatus Source: http://php.med.unsw.edu.au/cellbiology/images/thumb/4/41/Golgi_apparatus_EM_and_cartoo n.jpg/391px-Golgi_apparatus_EM_and_cartoon.jpg Golgi Apparatus Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 3 The Golgi apparatus (also called Golgi complex) was named after its discoverer, Camillio Golgi (an Italian biologist), who for the first time described the structure in 1898 (http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1906/golgi-bio.html). Figure: Camilio Golgi Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Camillo_Golgi,_1889.JPG Golgi complex generally functions as the “Director” of the cell since it has very little role in synthesis, rather it is involved primarily in the biochemical modification and sorting of the materials already synthesized within the ER, to their specific destinations within the cell, to maintain cellular integrity of an active cell. The three major destinations of the processed proteins and lipids from the Golgi, already synthesized in the lumen of the ER are the lysosomes, plasma membrane and extra cellular secretion. The close interrelationship among the three cellular organelles namely ER, Golgi and Lysosome is referred to as GERL Complex. Page 5 Golgi Apparatus Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi Lesson: Golgi Apparatus Lesson Developer: Rina Majumdar College/Department: Maitreyi College, University of Delhi Golgi Apparatus Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 1 Table of Contents Chapter: Golgi apparatus ? Introduction ? Structural organization of the Golgi Complex ? Functions performed by the Golgi Complex ? Role in Secretion ? Protein processing ? Proliferation of plasma membrane ? Metabolism of lipids and polysaccharide ? Sorting and Export of protein ? Role of Coat Proteins in cargo selection and vesicle budding ? Vesicle fusion ? Plant cell wall formation ? Acrosome development in animals ? Summary ? Exercise/ Practice ? Glossary ? References/ Bibliography/ Further Reading Golgi Apparatus Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 2 Introduction One of the important components of the endomembrane system is the organelle- Golgi apparatus (also called Golgi complex) that is principally involved in modifications and exocytic (the outside of the cell) protein trafficking. The Golgi apparatus is organized into stacks of usually four to six (as may as 60 in unicellular flagellates) flattened membrane bound compartments called cisternae that are stacked one over the other. Figure : Electron micrograph and a diagrammatic representation of Golgi apparatus Source: http://php.med.unsw.edu.au/cellbiology/images/thumb/4/41/Golgi_apparatus_EM_and_cartoo n.jpg/391px-Golgi_apparatus_EM_and_cartoon.jpg Golgi Apparatus Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 3 The Golgi apparatus (also called Golgi complex) was named after its discoverer, Camillio Golgi (an Italian biologist), who for the first time described the structure in 1898 (http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1906/golgi-bio.html). Figure: Camilio Golgi Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Camillo_Golgi,_1889.JPG Golgi complex generally functions as the “Director” of the cell since it has very little role in synthesis, rather it is involved primarily in the biochemical modification and sorting of the materials already synthesized within the ER, to their specific destinations within the cell, to maintain cellular integrity of an active cell. The three major destinations of the processed proteins and lipids from the Golgi, already synthesized in the lumen of the ER are the lysosomes, plasma membrane and extra cellular secretion. The close interrelationship among the three cellular organelles namely ER, Golgi and Lysosome is referred to as GERL Complex. Golgi Apparatus Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 4 Embed Animation :Inside of the cell Source: http://publications.nigms.nih.gov/insidethecell/extras/tomogram.mov Embed Animation: The transport of proteins through the endomembrane system. Source: http://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/content/chp04/0402002.html Figure : Endomembrane system Source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Endomembrane_system_diagram_en.svg Structural organization of the Golgi Complex (a) The structure of the Golgi differ in different types of tissues, also varies with the metabolic status of the cell. (b) Golgi complex is characterised by a series of oval, flattened membrane bound discs with enlarged ends called the cisternae, arranged in stacks. (c) The series of cisternae, each having a diameter of 500-1000 nm, is called a Golgi Stack in animal cells and dictyosomes (means stack like) in plant cells. (d) The number of cisternae per Golgi stack varies from 4-8, though in secretory cells there may be 100-1000 Golgi stacks. (e) The cisternae margins of each Golgi stacks, are slightly curved to give the Golgi complex a bow-like appearance.Read More
1. What is the function of the Golgi apparatus in plant cells? |
2. How does the Golgi apparatus modify proteins in plant cells? |
3. What is the structure of the Golgi apparatus in plant cells? |
4. How does the Golgi apparatus sort proteins in plant cells? |
5. Can the Golgi apparatus in plant cells be disrupted or damaged? |
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