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Golgi Apparatus 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Lesson: Golgi Apparatus 
Lesson Developer: Rina Majumdar 
College/Department: Maitreyi College, University of Delhi 
Page 2


Golgi Apparatus 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Lesson: Golgi Apparatus 
Lesson Developer: Rina Majumdar 
College/Department: Maitreyi College, University of Delhi 
Golgi Apparatus 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 1 
 
Table of Contents       
 
Chapter: Golgi apparatus                                                            
? Introduction  
? Structural organization of the Golgi Complex 
? Functions performed by the Golgi Complex 
? Role in Secretion 
? Protein processing 
? Proliferation of plasma membrane 
? Metabolism of lipids and polysaccharide 
? Sorting and Export of protein  
? Role of Coat Proteins in cargo selection and 
vesicle budding 
? Vesicle fusion 
? Plant cell wall formation 
? Acrosome development in animals 
? Summary  
? Exercise/ Practice 
? Glossary 
? References/ Bibliography/ Further Reading 
 
Page 3


Golgi Apparatus 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Lesson: Golgi Apparatus 
Lesson Developer: Rina Majumdar 
College/Department: Maitreyi College, University of Delhi 
Golgi Apparatus 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 1 
 
Table of Contents       
 
Chapter: Golgi apparatus                                                            
? Introduction  
? Structural organization of the Golgi Complex 
? Functions performed by the Golgi Complex 
? Role in Secretion 
? Protein processing 
? Proliferation of plasma membrane 
? Metabolism of lipids and polysaccharide 
? Sorting and Export of protein  
? Role of Coat Proteins in cargo selection and 
vesicle budding 
? Vesicle fusion 
? Plant cell wall formation 
? Acrosome development in animals 
? Summary  
? Exercise/ Practice 
? Glossary 
? References/ Bibliography/ Further Reading 
 
Golgi Apparatus 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 2 
Introduction 
One of the important components of the endomembrane system is the organelle- Golgi 
apparatus (also called Golgi complex) that is principally involved in modifications and exocytic 
(the outside of the cell) protein trafficking. The Golgi apparatus is organized into stacks of 
usually four to six (as may as 60 in unicellular flagellates) flattened membrane bound 
compartments called cisternae that are stacked one over the other.  
 
Figure : Electron micrograph and a diagrammatic representation of Golgi apparatus 
Source: 
http://php.med.unsw.edu.au/cellbiology/images/thumb/4/41/Golgi_apparatus_EM_and_cartoo
n.jpg/391px-Golgi_apparatus_EM_and_cartoon.jpg 
Page 4


Golgi Apparatus 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Lesson: Golgi Apparatus 
Lesson Developer: Rina Majumdar 
College/Department: Maitreyi College, University of Delhi 
Golgi Apparatus 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 1 
 
Table of Contents       
 
Chapter: Golgi apparatus                                                            
? Introduction  
? Structural organization of the Golgi Complex 
? Functions performed by the Golgi Complex 
? Role in Secretion 
? Protein processing 
? Proliferation of plasma membrane 
? Metabolism of lipids and polysaccharide 
? Sorting and Export of protein  
? Role of Coat Proteins in cargo selection and 
vesicle budding 
? Vesicle fusion 
? Plant cell wall formation 
? Acrosome development in animals 
? Summary  
? Exercise/ Practice 
? Glossary 
? References/ Bibliography/ Further Reading 
 
Golgi Apparatus 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 2 
Introduction 
One of the important components of the endomembrane system is the organelle- Golgi 
apparatus (also called Golgi complex) that is principally involved in modifications and exocytic 
(the outside of the cell) protein trafficking. The Golgi apparatus is organized into stacks of 
usually four to six (as may as 60 in unicellular flagellates) flattened membrane bound 
compartments called cisternae that are stacked one over the other.  
 
Figure : Electron micrograph and a diagrammatic representation of Golgi apparatus 
Source: 
http://php.med.unsw.edu.au/cellbiology/images/thumb/4/41/Golgi_apparatus_EM_and_cartoo
n.jpg/391px-Golgi_apparatus_EM_and_cartoon.jpg 
Golgi Apparatus 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 3 
 The Golgi apparatus (also called Golgi complex) was named after its discoverer, Camillio Golgi 
(an Italian biologist), who for the first time described the structure in 1898 
(http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1906/golgi-bio.html). 
 
Figure: Camilio Golgi 
Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Camillo_Golgi,_1889.JPG 
Golgi complex generally functions as the “Director” of the cell since it has very little role in 
synthesis, rather it is involved primarily in the biochemical modification and sorting of the 
materials already synthesized within the ER, to their specific destinations within the cell, to 
maintain cellular integrity of an active cell.  The three major destinations of the processed 
proteins and lipids from the Golgi, already synthesized in the lumen of the ER are the 
lysosomes, plasma membrane and extra cellular secretion.  The close interrelationship among 
the three cellular organelles namely ER, Golgi and Lysosome is referred to as GERL Complex.   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Page 5


Golgi Apparatus 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Lesson: Golgi Apparatus 
Lesson Developer: Rina Majumdar 
College/Department: Maitreyi College, University of Delhi 
Golgi Apparatus 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 1 
 
Table of Contents       
 
Chapter: Golgi apparatus                                                            
? Introduction  
? Structural organization of the Golgi Complex 
? Functions performed by the Golgi Complex 
? Role in Secretion 
? Protein processing 
? Proliferation of plasma membrane 
? Metabolism of lipids and polysaccharide 
? Sorting and Export of protein  
? Role of Coat Proteins in cargo selection and 
vesicle budding 
? Vesicle fusion 
? Plant cell wall formation 
? Acrosome development in animals 
? Summary  
? Exercise/ Practice 
? Glossary 
? References/ Bibliography/ Further Reading 
 
Golgi Apparatus 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 2 
Introduction 
One of the important components of the endomembrane system is the organelle- Golgi 
apparatus (also called Golgi complex) that is principally involved in modifications and exocytic 
(the outside of the cell) protein trafficking. The Golgi apparatus is organized into stacks of 
usually four to six (as may as 60 in unicellular flagellates) flattened membrane bound 
compartments called cisternae that are stacked one over the other.  
 
Figure : Electron micrograph and a diagrammatic representation of Golgi apparatus 
Source: 
http://php.med.unsw.edu.au/cellbiology/images/thumb/4/41/Golgi_apparatus_EM_and_cartoo
n.jpg/391px-Golgi_apparatus_EM_and_cartoon.jpg 
Golgi Apparatus 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 3 
 The Golgi apparatus (also called Golgi complex) was named after its discoverer, Camillio Golgi 
(an Italian biologist), who for the first time described the structure in 1898 
(http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1906/golgi-bio.html). 
 
Figure: Camilio Golgi 
Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Camillo_Golgi,_1889.JPG 
Golgi complex generally functions as the “Director” of the cell since it has very little role in 
synthesis, rather it is involved primarily in the biochemical modification and sorting of the 
materials already synthesized within the ER, to their specific destinations within the cell, to 
maintain cellular integrity of an active cell.  The three major destinations of the processed 
proteins and lipids from the Golgi, already synthesized in the lumen of the ER are the 
lysosomes, plasma membrane and extra cellular secretion.  The close interrelationship among 
the three cellular organelles namely ER, Golgi and Lysosome is referred to as GERL Complex.   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Golgi Apparatus 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 4 
Embed Animation :Inside of the cell 
Source: http://publications.nigms.nih.gov/insidethecell/extras/tomogram.mov 
Embed Animation: The transport of proteins through the endomembrane system. 
Source: http://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/content/chp04/0402002.html 
 
Figure : Endomembrane system 
Source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Endomembrane_system_diagram_en.svg 
 Structural organization of the Golgi Complex 
(a)  The structure of the Golgi differ in different types of tissues, also varies with the metabolic 
status of the cell. 
(b) Golgi complex is characterised by a series of oval, flattened membrane bound discs with 
enlarged ends called the cisternae, arranged in stacks. 
(c)  The series of cisternae, each having a diameter of 500-1000 nm, is called a Golgi Stack 
in animal cells and dictyosomes (means stack like) in plant cells. 
(d)  The number of cisternae per Golgi stack varies from 4-8, though in secretory cells there 
may be 100-1000 Golgi stacks.  
(e) The cisternae margins of each Golgi stacks, are slightly curved to give the Golgi complex a 
bow-like appearance. 
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FAQs on Lecture 7 - Golgi Apparatus - Cell Biology- Botany

1. What is the function of the Golgi apparatus in plant cells?
Ans. The Golgi apparatus in plant cells is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids produced in the endoplasmic reticulum. It acts as a distribution center, ensuring that these molecules are correctly targeted to their final destinations within the cell or outside of it.
2. How does the Golgi apparatus modify proteins in plant cells?
Ans. The Golgi apparatus modifies proteins in plant cells by adding or removing certain chemical groups, such as carbohydrates or phosphate groups, to alter their structure and function. This process, known as glycosylation or phosphorylation, can affect the stability, activity, and localization of the proteins.
3. What is the structure of the Golgi apparatus in plant cells?
Ans. The Golgi apparatus in plant cells consists of a series of stacked membrane-bound compartments called cisternae. These cisternae are organized into three distinct regions: the cis-Golgi network, the medial-Golgi, and the trans-Golgi network. Vesicles transport molecules between these compartments, allowing for the processing and sorting of proteins and lipids.
4. How does the Golgi apparatus sort proteins in plant cells?
Ans. The Golgi apparatus sorts proteins in plant cells through a process called vesicular transport. Proteins are packaged into vesicles, which bud off from the Golgi compartments and carry specific molecules to their destined locations. Sorting signals present in the proteins and the surrounding vesicle coat proteins help determine the final destination of the molecules.
5. Can the Golgi apparatus in plant cells be disrupted or damaged?
Ans. Yes, the Golgi apparatus in plant cells can be disrupted or damaged. Various factors such as toxins, genetic mutations, or cellular stress can lead to Golgi fragmentation or dysfunction. This disruption can result in impaired protein sorting and secretion, affecting cellular processes and potentially leading to disease symptoms in plants.
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