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Mind Map: Molecular Basis of Inheritance - NEET

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1. What is the molecular basis of inheritance?
Ans. The molecular basis of inheritance refers to the mechanism by which genetic information is passed from one generation to the next. It involves the transmission of DNA, the molecule that carries the genetic code, from parent to offspring. DNA contains genes, which are specific sequences of nucleotides that code for proteins and determine an organism's traits.
2. How does DNA replication occur in the process of inheritance?
Ans. DNA replication is a vital process in the molecular basis of inheritance. It occurs during the cell division cycle and ensures that each new cell receives an identical copy of the genetic information. The process involves the unwinding of the DNA double helix, separation of the DNA strands, and the synthesis of new complementary strands using existing DNA as a template.
3. What role do genes play in the molecular basis of inheritance?
Ans. Genes are the fundamental units of heredity and play a crucial role in the molecular basis of inheritance. They contain the instructions for the synthesis of proteins, which are essential for the functioning and development of organisms. Genes are passed down from parents to offspring through the transmission of DNA.
4. How do mutations affect the molecular basis of inheritance?
Ans. Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence and can have significant effects on the molecular basis of inheritance. They can alter the genetic code, leading to changes in protein structure and function. Mutations can occur spontaneously or be induced by external factors such as radiation or certain chemicals. Some mutations can be harmful, while others may have no noticeable effect or even be beneficial.
5. What is the significance of the molecular basis of inheritance in evolution?
Ans. The molecular basis of inheritance is of utmost importance in the process of evolution. It provides the genetic variation necessary for natural selection and adaptation to occur. Through mutations, new genetic traits can arise, and those that offer advantages in a particular environment are more likely to be passed on to future generations. The molecular basis of inheritance allows for the continuity of genetic information and the diversification of species over time.
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