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Multicast Routing (DVMRP, PIM)
A router’s unicast forwarding tables indicate, for any IP address, which link to use to forward the unicast packet. To support multicast, a router must additionally have multicastforwarding tables that indicate, based on multicast address, which links—possibly more than one—to use to forward the multicast packet (the router duplicates the packet if it is to be forwarded over multiple links). Thus, where unicast forwarding tables collectively specify a set of paths, multicast forwarding tables collectively specify a set of trees:multicast distribution trees. Furthermore, to support source-specific multicast (and, it turns out, for some types of any source multicast), the multicast forwarding tables must indicate which links to use based on the combination of multicast address and the (unicast) IP address of the source, again specifying a set of trees.
Multicast routing is the process by which the multicast distribution trees are determined or, more concretely, the process by which the multicast forwarding tables are built. As with unicast routing, it is not enough that a multicast routing protocol “work”; it must also scale reasonably well as the network grows, and it must accommodate the autonomy of different routing domains.
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FAQs on Multicast Routing (DVMRP, PIM) - Computer Networks - Computer Science Engineering (CSE)
| 1. What is multicast routing? |  |
Ans. Multicast routing is a network routing technique that allows the efficient distribution of data from a single source to multiple recipients. It is designed to optimize network bandwidth and reduce network congestion by sending data packets only to the interested recipients.
| 2. What is DVMRP in multicast routing? | |
Ans. DVMRP (Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol) is one of the earliest multicast routing protocols. It uses a distance vector algorithm to determine the best path for multicast traffic in a network. DVMRP builds a multicast distribution tree by flooding multicast packets to all connected routers and pruning unnecessary branches.
| 3. What is PIM in multicast routing? | |
Ans. PIM (Protocol Independent Multicast) is a family of multicast routing protocols that are designed to work across different network topologies and technologies. PIM allows routers to dynamically join and leave multicast groups and selects the most optimal path for multicast traffic based on the network conditions.
| 4. How does DVMRP differ from PIM in multicast routing? | |
Ans. DVMRP is a dense mode multicast routing protocol that floods multicast traffic throughout the network and prunes unnecessary branches. On the other hand, PIM is a more scalable and efficient protocol that uses a combination of dense mode and sparse mode techniques to optimize multicast traffic distribution.
| 5. What are the benefits of multicast routing? | |
Ans. Multicast routing offers several benefits, including reduced network congestion, efficient bandwidth utilization, and improved scalability. It allows for the simultaneous distribution of data to multiple recipients, making it ideal for applications such as live video streaming, online gaming, and software updates. Multicast routing also reduces the processing and network overhead compared to unicast or broadcast transmission methods.
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