Table of contents | |
Let's Recall | |
Let's Understand | |
Let's Discuss | |
Let's Do |
Q1. Match the following:Ans:
Q2. Fill in the blanks:
(a) The five Deccan Sultanates were Berar, Khandesh, Ahmadnagar, ____________ and _____________.
Ans: The five Deccan Sultanates were Berar, Khandesh, Ahmadnagar, Bijapur and Golconda.
(b) If zat determined a mansabdar’s rank and salary, sawar indicated his ____________.
Ans: If zat determined a mansabdar’s rank and salary, sawar indicated his number of cavalrymen.
(c) Abul Fazl, Akbar’s friend and counselor, helped him frame the idea of ____________ so that he could govern a society composed of many religions, cultures, and castes.
Ans: Abul Fazl, Akbar’s friend and counselor, helped him frame the idea of sulh-i-kul so that he could govern a society composed of many religions, cultures, and castes.
Q3. What were the central provinces under the control of the Mughals?
Ans: The central provinces under the control of the Mughals were Delhi, Sindh, Kabul, Mewar, Marwar, Gujarat, Bihar, Bengal, Orissa and Deccan.
Showing central provinces under the control of Mughals
Q6. How were the debates with religious scholars important in the formation of Akbar's ideas on governance?
Ans: Akbar, a Mughal ruler, was curious about religious and social customs. He arranged debates among scholars of different religions. These debates revealed that religious rituals often disrupted social harmony. Akbar developed the idea of ‘sulh-i-kul’ (universal peace) promoting tolerance, justice, and peace. His minister, Abul Fazl, helped shape this vision of governance. Akbar's successors, Jahangir and Shah Jahan, continued this policy.A painting representing Akbar's Court
Q7. Why did the Mughals emphasize their Timurid and not their Mongol descent?
Ans: Ghengis Khan, the great Mongol emperor, and his army of Huns left a trail of massacre and destruction behind him over the larger part of central Asia. Though Indian history remembers Timur Lang similarly, Mughals took great pride in that he seized Delhi in 1398. The Mughal kings wanted to see themselves as Timur. Thus, Mughal rulers emphasized more of Timur as their ancestor compared to Mongol king Ghengis Khan.Timur
Ans: The Mughal Empire’s main income source was revenues collected from peasants and agricultural products. This money was collected by the zamindars and submitted to the Mansabdars. They put the money into the Mughal treasury. Salaries of soldiers, government workers, and tasks for the welfare of the commoners were paid from those taxes. To keep law and order over the empire, land revenue was the most important income source.
A painting representing Zamindar collecting Revenue from people
Q9. Why was it important for the Mughals to recruit mansabdars from diverse backgrounds and not just Turanis and Iranis?
Ans: The Mughals recruited mansabdars from diverse backgrounds, not just Turanis and Iranis, to ensure stability across the empire’s varied regions. This approach helped gain the trust of local populations and maintain a balance of power within the administration. Additionally, it mitigated potential unrest stemming from perceived favoritism towards specific groups, allowing the Mughals to respect the country’s diversity and strengthen their control over it.
Q10. Like the Mughal Empire, India today is also made up
of many social and cultural units. Does this pose a
challenge to national integration?
Ans: No, this does not challenge India's unity. India is characterized by unity in diversity, with various cultures coexisting. While conflicts may arise, they are typically resolved peacefully. In times of external threats, such as during the Kargil War, Indians unite, demonstrating patriotism and a shared identity. This collective spirit reinforces that differences do not undermine the country's strength and resilience.
Q11. Peasants were vital for the economy of the Mughal
Empire. Do you think that they are as important today?
Has the gap in the income between the rich and the
poor in India changed a great deal from the period of
the Mughals?
Ans: Peasants remain crucial in India’s agricultural economy, similar to the Mughal era. They play a key role in cultivating crops, essential for survival. Peasants contribute land revenue, supporting government development projects. They form the backbone of the nation's economy. Despite their importance, a rich-poor disparity persists. Many peasants lack resources for modern agricultural methods and quality seeds. Agriculture provides seasonal income, causing seasonal unemployment.
Q12. The Mughal Empire left its impact on the different
regions of the subcontinent in a variety of ways. Find
out if it had any impact on the city, village, or region in
which you live.
Ans: Delhi, which served as the capital of the Mughal Empire. The empire had a profound impact on the city, transforming its appearance and leaving behind remarkable architectural landmarks. In Delhi, we can witness the grandeur of the Red Fort, the bustling market of Chandni Chowk, the majestic Jama Masjid, the splendid Humayun's Tomb, and the beautiful Mughal gardens, among other attractions. These magnificent structures and spaces stand as lasting contributions of the Mughal emperors, who bestowed the city with richness and vibrant splendor.
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1. What were the main achievements of the Mughal Empire? |
2. Who were the prominent rulers of the Mughal Empire? |
3. How did the Mughal Empire impact Indian culture? |
4. What were the causes of the decline of the Mughal Empire? |
5. How did the Mughal Empire contribute to the economy of India? |
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