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NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science - The Mughal Empire

Let's Recall

Q1. Match the following:NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science - The Mughal EmpireAns:
NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science - The Mughal Empire


Q2. Fill in the blanks:

(a) The five Deccan Sultanates were Berar, Khandesh, Ahmadnagar, ____________ and _____________.
Ans: The five Deccan Sultanates were Berar, Khandesh, Ahmadnagar, Bijapur and Golconda. 

(b) If zat determined a mansabdar’s rank and salary, sawar indicated his ____________.
Ans: If zat determined a mansabdar’s rank and salary, sawar indicated his number of cavalrymen.

(c) Abul Fazl, Akbar’s friend and counselor, helped him frame the idea of ____________ so that he could govern a society composed of many religions, cultures, and castes.
Ans: Abul Fazl, Akbar’s friend and counselor, helped him frame the idea of sulh-i-kul so that he could govern a society composed of many religions, cultures, and castes.


Q3. What were the central provinces under the control of the Mughals?
Ans: The central provinces under the control of the Mughals were Delhi, Sindh, Kabul, Mewar, Marwar, Gujarat, Bihar, Bengal, Orissa and Deccan.

Showing central provinces under the control of MughalsShowing central provinces under the control of Mughals

Q4. What was the relationship between the mansabdar and the jagir?
Ans: The relationship between a mansabdar and a jagir in the Mughal Empire was financial and administrative. A mansabdar was a high-ranking official appointed by the emperor, whose rank and salary (zat) determined their position. They were assigned a jagir (land area) from which they collected revenue, though they typically didn’t live there and sent agents to manage revenue collection. Besides overseeing the jagir, they served the empire in other roles as well.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science - The Mughal Empire

Let's Understand

Q5. What was the role of the zamindar in Mughal administration?
Ans: In the Mughal administration, the zamindars were used to collect revenue directly from the peasants. They were the connection between the peasants and the sovereign. In rural areas, the zamindars acted as village chieftains in the absence of any other official from the Mughal court. Sometimes zamindars and peasants of equal castes together rebelled against the ruler.  A Painting representing a Zamindar collecting the Revenue
A Painting representing a Zamindar collecting the Revenue

Q6. How were the debates with religious scholars important in the formation of Akbar's ideas on governance?

Ans: Akbar, a Mughal ruler, was curious about religious and social customs. He arranged debates among scholars of different religions. These debates revealed that religious rituals often disrupted social harmony. Akbar developed the idea of ‘sulh-i-kul’ (universal peace) promoting tolerance, justice, and peace. His minister, Abul Fazl, helped shape this vision of governance. Akbar's successors, Jahangir and Shah Jahan, continued this policy.A painting representing Akbar`s CourtA painting representing Akbar's Court

Q7. Why did the Mughals emphasize their Timurid and not their Mongol descent?
Ans: Ghengis Khan, the great Mongol emperor, and his army of Huns left a trail of massacre and destruction behind him over the larger part of central Asia.  Though Indian history remembers Timur Lang similarly, Mughals took great pride in that he seized Delhi in 1398. The Mughal kings wanted to see themselves as Timur. Thus, Mughal rulers emphasized more of Timur as their ancestor compared to Mongol king Ghengis Khan.NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science - The Mughal EmpireTimur

Let's Discuss

Q8. How important was the income from land revenue to the stability of the Mughal Empire?

Ans: The Mughal Empire’s main income source was revenues collected from peasants and agricultural products. This money was collected by the zamindars and submitted to the Mansabdars. They put the money into the Mughal treasury. Salaries of soldiers, government workers, and tasks for the welfare of the commoners were paid from those taxes.  To keep law and order over the empire, land revenue was the most important income source.

A painting representing Zamindar collecting Revenue from peopleA painting representing Zamindar collecting Revenue from people


Q9. Why was it important for the Mughals to recruit mansabdars from diverse backgrounds and not just Turanis and Iranis?
Ans:  The Mughals recruited mansabdars from diverse backgrounds, not just Turanis and Iranis, to ensure stability across the empire’s varied regions. This approach helped gain the trust of local populations and maintain a balance of power within the administration. Additionally, it mitigated potential unrest stemming from perceived favoritism towards specific groups, allowing the Mughals to respect the country’s diversity and strengthen their control over it.


Q10. Like the Mughal Empire, India today is also made up of many social and cultural units. Does this pose a challenge to national integration?
Ans: No, this does not challenge India's unity. India is characterized by unity in diversity, with various cultures coexisting. While conflicts may arise, they are typically resolved peacefully. In times of external threats, such as during the Kargil War, Indians unite, demonstrating patriotism and a shared identity. This collective spirit reinforces that differences do not undermine the country's strength and resilience.


Q11. Peasants were vital for the economy of the Mughal Empire. Do you think that they are as important today? Has the gap in the income between the rich and the poor in India changed a great deal from the period of the Mughals?
Ans: Peasants remain crucial in India’s agricultural economy, similar to the Mughal era. They play a key role in cultivating crops, essential for survival. Peasants contribute land revenue, supporting government development projects. They form the backbone of the nation's economy. Despite their importance, a rich-poor disparity persists. Many peasants lack resources for modern agricultural methods and quality seeds. Agriculture provides seasonal income, causing seasonal unemployment.


Let's Do

Q12. The Mughal Empire left its impact on the different regions of the subcontinent in a variety of ways. Find out if it had any impact on the city, village, or region in which you live.
Ans: Delhi, which served as the capital of the Mughal Empire. The empire had a profound impact on the city, transforming its appearance and leaving behind remarkable architectural landmarks. In Delhi, we can witness the grandeur of the Red Fort, the bustling market of Chandni Chowk, the majestic Jama Masjid, the splendid Humayun's Tomb, and the beautiful Mughal gardens, among other attractions. These magnificent structures and spaces stand as lasting contributions of the Mughal emperors, who bestowed the city with richness and vibrant splendor.

The document NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science - The Mughal Empire is a part of the Class 7 Course Social Studies (SST) Class 7.
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FAQs on NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science - The Mughal Empire

1. What were the main achievements of the Mughal Empire?
Ans. The Mughal Empire is known for several significant achievements, including the establishment of a centralized administrative system, the promotion of trade and agriculture, and the flourishing of arts and architecture. Notable examples include the construction of the Taj Mahal and advancements in painting, literature, and music.
2. Who were the prominent rulers of the Mughal Empire?
Ans. The prominent rulers of the Mughal Empire include Babur, the founder of the dynasty; Akbar, known for his policies of religious tolerance and administrative reforms; Jahangir, who was a patron of the arts; and Shah Jahan, famous for building the Taj Mahal. Aurangzeb, another significant ruler, expanded the empire to its greatest territorial extent.
3. How did the Mughal Empire impact Indian culture?
Ans. The Mughal Empire had a profound impact on Indian culture by fostering a syncretic culture that blended Persian, Indian, and Islamic traditions. This is evident in architecture, cuisine, language, and art forms. The Mughal court encouraged the development of literature in Persian and Urdu, and their architectural style influenced many structures across India.
4. What were the causes of the decline of the Mughal Empire?
Ans. The decline of the Mughal Empire can be attributed to several factors, including weak successors after Aurangzeb, internal strife, and revolts by various regional powers. Additionally, the invasion of foreign forces and the growing influence of European traders, particularly the British, contributed to its weakening and eventual disintegration.
5. How did the Mughal Empire contribute to the economy of India?
Ans. The Mughal Empire contributed significantly to the economy of India by enhancing agricultural production through improved irrigation techniques and land revenue systems. Trade flourished under the Mughals, with India becoming a hub for spices, textiles, and precious stones. The empire’s stability also encouraged commerce and attracted foreign traders.
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