Class 6 Exam > Class 6 Notes > Social Studies for Class 6 > NCERT Summary: Landforms and Life
NCERT Summary: Landforms and Life | Social Studies for Class 6 PDF Download
| Table of contents |
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| Introduction to Landforms |
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| Mountains |
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| Plateaus |
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| Plains |
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| Deserts |
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Introduction to Landforms
- Landforms are natural features of the Earth's surface, such as mountains, plateaus, and plains.
- They shape the environment, influence climate, and affect living conditions.
- Formed over millions of years by natural forces like wind, water, and Earth's crust movements.
Mountains
Mountains are tall landforms with steep sides and narrow tops, often covered in snow.
- Hills: Shorter with gentler slopes.
- Mountain Ranges: Groups of mountains like the Himalayas, Alps, and Andes.
- High Peaks: Examples include Mount Everest, Kanchenjunga, and Mount Aconcagua.
- Young vs. Old Mountains: Young mountains (like the Himalayas) have sharp peaks, while old mountains (like the Aravallis) have rounded peaks due to erosion.
Mountain Environment:
- Montane Forests: Found on mountain slopes, home to tall, cone-shaped trees (pines, firs).
- Animals: Species like snow leopards, yaks, and golden eagles live in mountain regions.
- Mountain Life: Terrace farming and herding are common, with tourism as a major income source.
Inspiring Mountain Climbers:
- Bachendri Pal: First Indian woman to climb Mount Everest in 1984.
- Arunima Sinha: Lost a leg in an accident but climbed Everest in 2013.
- Sacred Mountains: Mountains like Mount Everest and Mount Kailash are revered in various cultures and religions.
Plateaus
Plateaus: Raised, flat landforms, with steep sides.
- Tibetan Plateau: The largest and highest plateau, known as the "Roof of the World."
- Deccan Plateau: An ancient plateau in India rich in minerals like iron and coal.
- Farming: Lava plateaus have fertile soil, while others have rocky soil, limiting farming.
Plateaus
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Plains
Plains: Large flat areas, often near rivers, ideal for farming.
- Floodplains: Formed by rivers carrying sediments, making the soil fertile.
- Life in the Plains: Thousands of years ago, civilizations developed near fertile plains. Today, plains are heavily populated and used for agriculture.
- Ganga Plain: Home to around 400 million people in India, with irrigation becoming common despite groundwater depletion.
Plains The Five Tinais of Ancient Tamil Poetry:
- Kurinji: Mountains.
- Mullai: Grasslands and forests.
- Marudam: Fertile plains.
- Neydal: Coastal regions.
- Palai: Arid deserts.
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Deserts
Deserts are dry areas with little rain, home to unique plants and animals.
- Hot Deserts: Like the Sahara.
- Cold Deserts: Like the Gobi Desert.
- Antarctica: Considered a desert despite being cold.
Desert
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FAQs on NCERT Summary: Landforms and Life - Social Studies for Class 6
| 1. What are the main types of landforms? |  |
| 2. How are mountains formed? | |
Ans. Mountains are primarily formed through tectonic processes, such as the collision of tectonic plates, volcanic activity, and the folding and faulting of the Earth's crust. These processes can take millions of years, resulting in the creation of various mountain ranges around the world.
| 3. What is the difference between plateaus and plains? | |
Ans. Plateaus are elevated flatlands that rise sharply above the surrounding area, often with a flat top, while plains are flat, low-lying areas that are generally at a lower elevation. Plateaus can sometimes have steep sides, whereas plains are characterized by their vast expanses of flat terrain.
| 4. What are some characteristics of deserts? | |
Ans. Deserts are characterized by extremely low rainfall, high temperatures during the day, and cooler temperatures at night. Vegetation is sparse, with plants adapted to conserve water, such as cacti. Deserts can also feature unique landforms like dunes, rocky plateaus, and dry riverbeds.
| 5. How do landforms affect human life? | |
Ans. Landforms significantly influence human activities such as agriculture, settlement, and transportation. For instance, plains are often ideal for farming due to fertile soil, while mountains can act as barriers to movement and climate. Deserts may limit habitation due to harsh conditions, influencing where people choose to live and work.
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