NCERT Textbook: नाटक लिखने का व्याकरण | Hindi Class 12 - Humanities/Arts PDF Download

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ikyu ls gh vPNk ukVd fy[kk tk
ldrk gSA fo'o osQ cgqr ls vPNs ukVd
rks bu fu;eksa osQ viokn gh lkfcr gksaxsA
ukVd dk ekè;e [kwu esa mrj tkuk
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dfork] dgkuh] miU;kl dh rjg ukVd
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bldh jpuk esa D;k varj ”k:jh gks tkrk
gSA tc ge bl ij fopkj djrs gSa rks ikrs
gSa fd ukVd viuh oqQN futh fof'k"Vrkvksa
osQ dkj.k ckdh nwljh foèkkvksa ls fcyoqQy
vyx gks tkrk gSA Lo;a gekjh Hkkjrh;
ijaijk esa ukVd dks n`'; dkO; dh laKk
nh xbZ gSA tgk¡ ls ukVd viuh futh ,oa
fo'ks"k izÑfr xzg.k djrk gS og gS mldk
fyf[kr :i ls n`';rk dh vksj vxzlj
Rationalised 2023-24
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ldrk gSA fo'o osQ cgqr ls vPNs ukVd
rks bu fu;eksa osQ viokn gh lkfcr gksaxsA
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gSa fd ukVd viuh oqQN futh fof'k"Vrkvksa
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vyx gks tkrk gSA Lo;a gekjh Hkkjrh;
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Rationalised 2023-24
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dky esa gh la;ksftr djuk gksrk gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd ukVd osQ eap&funsZ'k ges'kk orZeku dky
esa fy[ks tkrs gSaA pkgs dky dksbZ Hkh gks mls ,d fo'ks"k le; esa] ,d fo'ks"k LFkku ij] orZeku
dky esa gh ?kfVr gksuk gksrk gSA tSls&fdlh ,sfrgkfld ;k ikSjkf.kd ?kVuk dks dgkuh] miU;kl ;k
dfork esa mlosQ ewy lanHkZ esa mlh dky esa j[kdj Hkh mldk ikB fd;k tk ldrk gS ij ukVd
esa mls gekjh vk¡[kksa osQ lkeus gh ,d ckj fiQj ?kfVr gksuk gksrk gSA le; dks ysdj ,d vkSj
rF; ;g gS fd lkfgR; dh nwljh foèkkvksa] ;kuh dgkuh] miU;kl ;k fiQj dfork dks ge dHkh
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gSa ij ukVd osQ lkFk ,slk laHko ugha gSA
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vius lkeus ?kfVr gksrs ns[k ldrk gSA ukVd esa fdlh Hkh pfj=k dk iwjk fodkl gksuk Hkh ”k:jh
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dks Hkh ns[ksa rks mlesa Hkh ukVddkjksa ls ;g vis{kk dh xbZ Fkh fd ukVd osQ gjsd vad dh
vofèk de&ls&de 48 feuV dh gksA
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gksrk gSA ij] lkfgR; dh gh nks foèkkvksa] dfork vkSj ukVd osQ fy, 'kCn dk fo'ks"k egÙo gSA
ukVd dh nqfu;k esa 'kCn viuh ,d u;h] futh vkSj vyx vfLerk xzg.k djrk gSA gekjs
ukV~;'kkL=k esa Hkh okfpd vFkkZr cksys tkus okys 'kCn dks ukVd dk 'kjhj dgk x;k gSA dgkuh
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vfèkd ls vfèkd mldk fp=k.k dj ikrs gSaA ;gh dkj.k gS fd bls of.Zkr ;k fiQj uSjsfVo foèkk
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Rationalised 2023-24
Page 3


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114 114 114 114 114
7
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Rationalised 2023-24
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115
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:i esa gh ,d fuf'pr vkSj vafre :i dks izkIr
dj ysrh gSa] ogha ,d ukVd vius fyf[kr :i esa
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Rationalised 2023-24
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116
dg fn;k tkrk gSA dfork blls vkxs gSA blosQ 'kCn] ¯cc vkSj izrhd esa cnyus dh {kerk
Hkh j[krs gSaA blh dkj.k lfgR; dh lHkh foèkkvksa esa dfork gh ukVd osQ lcls ”;knk fudV
tku iM+rh gSA oSls dgkuh ;k miU;kl esa Hkh o.kZu ?kfVr gksrk gS ysfdu varj ;g gS fd ukVd
esa og dgkuh lpeqp gekjh vk¡[kksa osQ lkeus ?kfVr gksrh gSA blh vkèkkj ij dgk tkrk gS fd
,d dfo liQy ukVddkj Hkh gks ldrk gSA Åij osQ rF;ksa dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, fu"d"kZ ;g
fudyk fd ukVddkj osQ fy, ”k:jh gS fd og vfèkd ls vfèkd laf{kIr vkSj lkaosQfrd Hkk"kk
dk iz;ksx djs tks vius vki esa of.Zkr u gksdj fØ;kRed vfèkd gks] mu 'kCnksa esa n`'; cukus
dh {kerk Hkjiwj gks vkSj og vius 'kkfCnd vFkZ ls ”;knk O;atuk dh vksj ys tk,A ;g dgk
Hkh x;k gS fd vPNk ukVd ogh gksrk gS tks fy[ks vFkok cksys x, 'kCnksa ls Hkh ”;knk og
èofur djs] tks fy[kk ;k cksyk ugha tk jgkA ukVd dk ek=k ,d ekSu] vaèkdkj ;k èofu&izHkko
dgkuh ;k miU;kl osQ chl&iPphl i`"Bksa dh cjkcjh dj ldrk gSA
,d ukVd osQ fy, ”k:jh gksrk gSµmldk dF;A igys dgkuh osQ :i dks fdlh f'kYi]
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dh iwjh le>] tkudkjh ;k vuqHko gksuk pkfg,A ;g ckr ges'kk è;ku esa gksuh pkfg, fd ukVd
dks eap ij eafpr gksuk gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd ,d ukVddkj dks jpukdkj osQ lkFk&lkFk ,d
oqQ'ky laiknd Hkh gksuk pkfg,A igys rks ?kVukvksa] fLFkfr;ksa vFkok n`';ksa dk pquko] fiQj mUgsa
fdl Øe esa j[kk tk, fd os 'kwU; ls f'k[kj dh rjI
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mls vo'; vkuh pkfg,A
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Rationalised 2023-24
Page 4


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114 114 114 114 114
7
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ukVd dk ra=k ys[kd dks [kqn fuf'pr
djuk iM+rk gSA ukV~;&ra=k osQ fu;eksa ls
ekxZn'kZu gksxk] ysfdu ,slk ugha fd muosQ
ikyu ls gh vPNk ukVd fy[kk tk
ldrk gSA fo'o osQ cgqr ls vPNs ukVd
rks bu fu;eksa osQ viokn gh lkfcr gksaxsA
ukVd dk ekè;e [kwu esa mrj tkuk
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dfork] dgkuh] miU;kl dh rjg ukVd
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bldh jpuk esa D;k varj ”k:jh gks tkrk
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gSa fd ukVd viuh oqQN futh fof'k"Vrkvksa
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vyx gks tkrk gSA Lo;a gekjh Hkkjrh;
ijaijk esa ukVd dks n`'; dkO; dh laKk
nh xbZ gSA tgk¡ ls ukVd viuh futh ,oa
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Rationalised 2023-24
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115
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:i esa gh ,d fuf'pr vkSj vafre :i dks izkIr
dj ysrh gSa] ogha ,d ukVd vius fyf[kr :i esa
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gSa ij ukVd i<+us] lquus osQ lkFk&lkFk ns[kus osQ
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dky esa gh la;ksftr djuk gksrk gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd ukVd osQ eap&funsZ'k ges'kk orZeku dky
esa fy[ks tkrs gSaA pkgs dky dksbZ Hkh gks mls ,d fo'ks"k le; esa] ,d fo'ks"k LFkku ij] orZeku
dky esa gh ?kfVr gksuk gksrk gSA tSls&fdlh ,sfrgkfld ;k ikSjkf.kd ?kVuk dks dgkuh] miU;kl ;k
dfork esa mlosQ ewy lanHkZ esa mlh dky esa j[kdj Hkh mldk ikB fd;k tk ldrk gS ij ukVd
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Hkh i<+rs ;k lqurs gq, chp esa jksd ldrs gSa vkSj oqQN le; ckn fiQj ogha ls 'kq: dj ldrs
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dks Hkh ns[ksa rks mlesa Hkh ukVddkjksa ls ;g vis{kk dh xbZ Fkh fd ukVd osQ gjsd vad dh
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ukVd dh nqfu;k esa 'kCn viuh ,d u;h] futh vkSj vyx vfLerk xzg.k djrk gSA gekjs
ukV~;'kkL=k esa Hkh okfpd vFkkZr cksys tkus okys 'kCn dks ukVd dk 'kjhj dgk x;k gSA dgkuh
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Rationalised 2023-24
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116
dg fn;k tkrk gSA dfork blls vkxs gSA blosQ 'kCn] ¯cc vkSj izrhd esa cnyus dh {kerk
Hkh j[krs gSaA blh dkj.k lfgR; dh lHkh foèkkvksa esa dfork gh ukVd osQ lcls ”;knk fudV
tku iM+rh gSA oSls dgkuh ;k miU;kl esa Hkh o.kZu ?kfVr gksrk gS ysfdu varj ;g gS fd ukVd
esa og dgkuh lpeqp gekjh vk¡[kksa osQ lkeus ?kfVr gksrh gSA blh vkèkkj ij dgk tkrk gS fd
,d dfo liQy ukVddkj Hkh gks ldrk gSA Åij osQ rF;ksa dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, fu"d"kZ ;g
fudyk fd ukVddkj osQ fy, ”k:jh gS fd og vfèkd ls vfèkd laf{kIr vkSj lkaosQfrd Hkk"kk
dk iz;ksx djs tks vius vki esa of.Zkr u gksdj fØ;kRed vfèkd gks] mu 'kCnksa esa n`'; cukus
dh {kerk Hkjiwj gks vkSj og vius 'kkfCnd vFkZ ls ”;knk O;atuk dh vksj ys tk,A ;g dgk
Hkh x;k gS fd vPNk ukVd ogh gksrk gS tks fy[ks vFkok cksys x, 'kCnksa ls Hkh ”;knk og
èofur djs] tks fy[kk ;k cksyk ugha tk jgkA ukVd dk ek=k ,d ekSu] vaèkdkj ;k èofu&izHkko
dgkuh ;k miU;kl osQ chl&iPphl i`"Bksa dh cjkcjh dj ldrk gSA
,d ukVd osQ fy, ”k:jh gksrk gSµmldk dF;A igys dgkuh osQ :i dks fdlh f'kYi]
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kQkWeZ vFkok lajpuk osQ Hkhrj mls fijksuk gksrk gSA blosQ fy, ukVddkj dks f'kYi ;k lajpuk
dh iwjh le>] tkudkjh ;k vuqHko gksuk pkfg,A ;g ckr ges'kk è;ku esa gksuh pkfg, fd ukVd
dks eap ij eafpr gksuk gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd ,d ukVddkj dks jpukdkj osQ lkFk&lkFk ,d
oqQ'ky laiknd Hkh gksuk pkfg,A igys rks ?kVukvksa] fLFkfr;ksa vFkok n`';ksa dk pquko] fiQj mUgsa
fdl Øe esa j[kk tk, fd os 'kwU; ls f'k[kj dh rjI
+
kQ fodkl dh fn'kk esa vkxs c<+sa] ;g dyk
mls vo'; vkuh pkfg,A
ikjlh fFk,Vj 'kSyh esa [ksys x, ukVd dk n`';
Rationalised 2023-24
1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456      ukVd fy[kus dk O;kdj.k
117
ukVd dk lcls ”k:jh vkSj l'kDr ekè;e gSµlaoknA nwljh
fdlh foèkk osQ fy, ;g drbZ ”k:jh ugha fd og laoknksa dk lgkjk
ys] ysfdu ukVd dk rks mlosQ fcuk dke gh ugha py ldrkA ukVd
osQ fy, ruko] mRlqdrk] jgL;] jksekap vkSj var esa milagkj tSls
rÙo vfuok;Z gSaA blosQ fy, vkil esa fojksèkh fopkjèkkjkvksa dk laokn
”k:jh gksrk gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd uk;d&izfruk;d] lw=kèkkj dh
ifjdYiuk Hkkjrh; ;k i'pkR; ukV~;'kkL=k esa vkjaHk ls gh dh xbZ FkhA
og dkSu&lh ph”k gS tks ,d l'kDr ukVd dks ,d de”kksj
ukVd ls vyx djrh gSA og gSµlaoknksa dk viusvki esa o£.kr ;k
fpf=kr u gksdj fØ;kRed gksuk] n`';kRed gksuk vkSj fy[ks rFkk cksys tkus okys laoknksa ls Hkh
”;knk mu laoknksa osQ ihNs fufgr vufy[ks ,oa vudgs laoknksa dh vksj ys tkuk] ftUgsa vaxzs”kh
Hkk"kk esa lcVSDLV dgk x;k gSA ftl ukVd esa bl rÙo dh ftruh ”;knk laHkkouk,¡ gksaxh] og
ukVd mruk gh liQy gksxkA mnkgj.k osQ fy, gSeysV dk ;g izfl¼ laoknµVwch vkSj ukWV
Vw ch] ;k LdUnxqIr dk vfèkdkj lq[k fdruk eknd vkSj lkjghu gS] laokn vufxur
laHkkoukvksa dks mtkxj dj nsrk gSA
ukVd Lo;a esa ,d thoar ekè;e gSA dksbZ Hkh nks pfj=k tc Hkh vkil esa feyrs gSa rks fopkjksa
osQ vknku&iznku esa VdjkgV iSnk gksuk LokHkkfod gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd jaxeap izfrjksèk dk lcls
l'kDr ekè;e gSA og dHkh Hkh ;FkkfLFkfr dks Lohdkj dj gh ugha ldrkA bl dkj.k mlesa
vLohdkj dh fLFkfr Hkh cjkcj cuh jgrh gSA D;ksafd dksbZ Hkh thrk&tkxrk laosnu'khy izk.kh
orZeku ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks ysdj vlarq"V gq, fcuk ugha jg ldrkA e”ks dh ckr ;g gS fd ftl
ukVd esa bl rjg dh vlarqf"V] NViVkgV] izfrjksèk vkSj vLohdkj tSls udkjkRed rÙoksa dh
ftruh ”;knk mifLFkfr gksxh og mruk gh xgjk
vkSj l'kDr ukVd lkfcr gksxkA mnkgj.k osQ fy,
ge vaèkk;qx] rqxyd vkfn ukVdksa dks ns[k ldrs
gSaA ;gh dkj.k gS fd tc&tc fdlh Hkh fopkj]
O;oLFkk vFkok rkRdkfyd leL;kvksa osQ leFkZu
esa ukVd fy[ks x,A os dHkh Hkh cgqr fnuksa rd
ppkZ esa ugha jgsA ;gh otg gS fd gekjs vkèkqfud
ukVddkjksa dks jke dh vis{kk jko.k] izÈkn dh
vis{kk fgj.;d';i vkSj Ñ".k dh vis{kk oaQl
vfèkd vkdf"kZr djrk gSA
ukVd fy[krs le; ;g Hkh vR;ar ”k:jh gS
fd ukVd esa tks pfj=k izLrqr fd, tk,¡ os likV]
lrgh vkSj VkbIM u gksA ftl izdkj ge viuh
xfrfofèk
jaxeap izfrjksèk dk lcls l'kDr
ekè;e gSA D;k vki ys[kd osQ bl
fopkj ls lger gS\ i{k vkSj foi{k
dk lewg cukdj bl fo"k; ij
ppkZ djsaA
'kkL=kh; 'kSyh esa [ksys x, ukVd dk ,d n`';
Rationalised 2023-24
Page 5


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123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 vfHkO;fDr vkSj ekè;e
114 114 114 114 114
7
ukVd fy[kus dk
O;kdj.k
bl ikB esa---
4 ukVd vkSj vU; foèkk,¡
4 ukVd esa le; dk caèku
4 ukVd osQ rÙo
4 ukVd osQ fo"k;
4 ukVd esa Lohdkj ,oa vLohdkj dh voèkkj.kk
4 ukVd dh f'kYi lajpuk
ukVd dk ra=k ys[kd dks [kqn fuf'pr
djuk iM+rk gSA ukV~;&ra=k osQ fu;eksa ls
ekxZn'kZu gksxk] ysfdu ,slk ugha fd muosQ
ikyu ls gh vPNk ukVd fy[kk tk
ldrk gSA fo'o osQ cgqr ls vPNs ukVd
rks bu fu;eksa osQ viokn gh lkfcr gksaxsA
ukVd dk ekè;e [kwu esa mrj tkuk
pkfg,] laKk ij mldh Nki mBuh
pkfg,µrHkh dksbZ ys[kd vPNk ukVd
fy[k ldrk gSA
µfot; rsanqydj
ejkBh ukVddkj
yxkrkj ;g iz'u lkeus vkrk jgk gS fd
dfork] dgkuh] miU;kl dh rjg ukVd
Hkh lkfgR; osQ varxZr gh vkrk gS fiQj
bldh jpuk esa D;k varj ”k:jh gks tkrk
gSA tc ge bl ij fopkj djrs gSa rks ikrs
gSa fd ukVd viuh oqQN futh fof'k"Vrkvksa
osQ dkj.k ckdh nwljh foèkkvksa ls fcyoqQy
vyx gks tkrk gSA Lo;a gekjh Hkkjrh;
ijaijk esa ukVd dks n`'; dkO; dh laKk
nh xbZ gSA tgk¡ ls ukVd viuh futh ,oa
fo'ks"k izÑfr xzg.k djrk gS og gS mldk
fyf[kr :i ls n`';rk dh vksj vxzlj
Rationalised 2023-24
1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456      ukVd fy[kus dk O;kdj.k
115
gksukA tgk¡ lkfgR; dh vU; foèkk,¡ vius fyf[kr
:i esa gh ,d fuf'pr vkSj vafre :i dks izkIr
dj ysrh gSa] ogha ,d ukVd vius fyf[kr :i esa
flI
+
kZQ ,dvk;keh gh gksrk gSA tc ml ukVd dk
eapu gekjs lkeus vkrk gS rc tkdj mlesa laiw.kZrk
vkrh gSA fu"d"kZ ;g gS fd lkfgR; dh nwljh
foèkk,¡ i<+us ;k fiQj lquus rd dh ;k=kk r; djrh
gSa ij ukVd i<+us] lquus osQ lkFk&lkFk ns[kus osQ
rÙo dks Hkh vius Hkhrj lesVs gq, gSA
ukVd fy[krs le; ukVddkj dks ukVd dh
,d ewy fo'ks"krk dks ges'kk ;kn j[kuk gksrk gSA og
gSµle; dk caèkuA le; dk ;g caèku ukVd dh
jpuk ij viuk iwjk vlj Mkyrk gS] blhfy, ,d ukVd dks 'kq: ls ysdj var rd ,d fuf'pr
le;&lhek osQ Hkhrj iwjk gksuk gksrk gSA ukVddkj vxj viuh jpuk dks Hkwrdky ls vFkok fdlh
vkSj ys[kd dh jpuk dks Hkfo";dky ls mBk,] bu nksuksa gh fLFkfr;ksa esa mls ukVd dks orZeku
dky esa gh la;ksftr djuk gksrk gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd ukVd osQ eap&funsZ'k ges'kk orZeku dky
esa fy[ks tkrs gSaA pkgs dky dksbZ Hkh gks mls ,d fo'ks"k le; esa] ,d fo'ks"k LFkku ij] orZeku
dky esa gh ?kfVr gksuk gksrk gSA tSls&fdlh ,sfrgkfld ;k ikSjkf.kd ?kVuk dks dgkuh] miU;kl ;k
dfork esa mlosQ ewy lanHkZ esa mlh dky esa j[kdj Hkh mldk ikB fd;k tk ldrk gS ij ukVd
esa mls gekjh vk¡[kksa osQ lkeus gh ,d ckj fiQj ?kfVr gksuk gksrk gSA le; dks ysdj ,d vkSj
rF; ;g gS fd lkfgR; dh nwljh foèkkvksa] ;kuh dgkuh] miU;kl ;k fiQj dfork dks ge dHkh
Hkh i<+rs ;k lqurs gq, chp esa jksd ldrs gSa vkSj oqQN le; ckn fiQj ogha ls 'kq: dj ldrs
gSa ij ukVd osQ lkFk ,slk laHko ugha gSA
,d ukVddkj dks ;g Hkh lkspuk ”k:jh gS fd n'kZd fdruh nsj rd fdlh dgkuh dks
vius lkeus ?kfVr gksrs ns[k ldrk gSA ukVd esa fdlh Hkh pfj=k dk iwjk fodkl gksuk Hkh ”k:jh
gSA blfy, le; dk è;ku j[kuk Hkh ”k:jh gks tkrk gSA ukVd esa rhu vad gksrs gSa blfy,
mls Hkh le; dks è;ku esa j[kdj ck¡Vus dh ”k:jr gksrh gSA ;fn ge Hkjr fyf[kr ukV~;'kkL=k
dks Hkh ns[ksa rks mlesa Hkh ukVddkjksa ls ;g vis{kk dh xbZ Fkh fd ukVd osQ gjsd vad dh
vofèk de&ls&de 48 feuV dh gksA
vc nwljk egÙoiw.kZ vax gSµ'kCn! oSls ;g lkfgR; dh lHkh foèkkvksa osQ fy, vko';d
gksrk gSA ij] lkfgR; dh gh nks foèkkvksa] dfork vkSj ukVd osQ fy, 'kCn dk fo'ks"k egÙo gSA
ukVd dh nqfu;k esa 'kCn viuh ,d u;h] futh vkSj vyx vfLerk xzg.k djrk gSA gekjs
ukV~;'kkL=k esa Hkh okfpd vFkkZr cksys tkus okys 'kCn dks ukVd dk 'kjhj dgk x;k gSA dgkuh
rFkk miU;kl 'kCnksa osQ ekè;e ls fdlh fLFkfr] okrkoj.k ;k dFkkud dk o.kZu djrs gSa ;k
vfèkd ls vfèkd mldk fp=k.k dj ikrs gSaA ;gh dkj.k gS fd bls of.Zkr ;k fiQj uSjsfVo foèkk
^feMukbV fpYMsªu* dh jaxeap lTtk] blesa fI
+
kQYe vkSj jaxeap
'kSfy;ksa dh la;qDr izLrqfr n'kkZbZ xbZ gS
Rationalised 2023-24
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116
dg fn;k tkrk gSA dfork blls vkxs gSA blosQ 'kCn] ¯cc vkSj izrhd esa cnyus dh {kerk
Hkh j[krs gSaA blh dkj.k lfgR; dh lHkh foèkkvksa esa dfork gh ukVd osQ lcls ”;knk fudV
tku iM+rh gSA oSls dgkuh ;k miU;kl esa Hkh o.kZu ?kfVr gksrk gS ysfdu varj ;g gS fd ukVd
esa og dgkuh lpeqp gekjh vk¡[kksa osQ lkeus ?kfVr gksrh gSA blh vkèkkj ij dgk tkrk gS fd
,d dfo liQy ukVddkj Hkh gks ldrk gSA Åij osQ rF;ksa dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, fu"d"kZ ;g
fudyk fd ukVddkj osQ fy, ”k:jh gS fd og vfèkd ls vfèkd laf{kIr vkSj lkaosQfrd Hkk"kk
dk iz;ksx djs tks vius vki esa of.Zkr u gksdj fØ;kRed vfèkd gks] mu 'kCnksa esa n`'; cukus
dh {kerk Hkjiwj gks vkSj og vius 'kkfCnd vFkZ ls ”;knk O;atuk dh vksj ys tk,A ;g dgk
Hkh x;k gS fd vPNk ukVd ogh gksrk gS tks fy[ks vFkok cksys x, 'kCnksa ls Hkh ”;knk og
èofur djs] tks fy[kk ;k cksyk ugha tk jgkA ukVd dk ek=k ,d ekSu] vaèkdkj ;k èofu&izHkko
dgkuh ;k miU;kl osQ chl&iPphl i`"Bksa dh cjkcjh dj ldrk gSA
,d ukVd osQ fy, ”k:jh gksrk gSµmldk dF;A igys dgkuh osQ :i dks fdlh f'kYi]
I
+
kQkWeZ vFkok lajpuk osQ Hkhrj mls fijksuk gksrk gSA blosQ fy, ukVddkj dks f'kYi ;k lajpuk
dh iwjh le>] tkudkjh ;k vuqHko gksuk pkfg,A ;g ckr ges'kk è;ku esa gksuh pkfg, fd ukVd
dks eap ij eafpr gksuk gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd ,d ukVddkj dks jpukdkj osQ lkFk&lkFk ,d
oqQ'ky laiknd Hkh gksuk pkfg,A igys rks ?kVukvksa] fLFkfr;ksa vFkok n`';ksa dk pquko] fiQj mUgsa
fdl Øe esa j[kk tk, fd os 'kwU; ls f'k[kj dh rjI
+
kQ fodkl dh fn'kk esa vkxs c<+sa] ;g dyk
mls vo'; vkuh pkfg,A
ikjlh fFk,Vj 'kSyh esa [ksys x, ukVd dk n`';
Rationalised 2023-24
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117
ukVd dk lcls ”k:jh vkSj l'kDr ekè;e gSµlaoknA nwljh
fdlh foèkk osQ fy, ;g drbZ ”k:jh ugha fd og laoknksa dk lgkjk
ys] ysfdu ukVd dk rks mlosQ fcuk dke gh ugha py ldrkA ukVd
osQ fy, ruko] mRlqdrk] jgL;] jksekap vkSj var esa milagkj tSls
rÙo vfuok;Z gSaA blosQ fy, vkil esa fojksèkh fopkjèkkjkvksa dk laokn
”k:jh gksrk gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd uk;d&izfruk;d] lw=kèkkj dh
ifjdYiuk Hkkjrh; ;k i'pkR; ukV~;'kkL=k esa vkjaHk ls gh dh xbZ FkhA
og dkSu&lh ph”k gS tks ,d l'kDr ukVd dks ,d de”kksj
ukVd ls vyx djrh gSA og gSµlaoknksa dk viusvki esa o£.kr ;k
fpf=kr u gksdj fØ;kRed gksuk] n`';kRed gksuk vkSj fy[ks rFkk cksys tkus okys laoknksa ls Hkh
”;knk mu laoknksa osQ ihNs fufgr vufy[ks ,oa vudgs laoknksa dh vksj ys tkuk] ftUgsa vaxzs”kh
Hkk"kk esa lcVSDLV dgk x;k gSA ftl ukVd esa bl rÙo dh ftruh ”;knk laHkkouk,¡ gksaxh] og
ukVd mruk gh liQy gksxkA mnkgj.k osQ fy, gSeysV dk ;g izfl¼ laoknµVwch vkSj ukWV
Vw ch] ;k LdUnxqIr dk vfèkdkj lq[k fdruk eknd vkSj lkjghu gS] laokn vufxur
laHkkoukvksa dks mtkxj dj nsrk gSA
ukVd Lo;a esa ,d thoar ekè;e gSA dksbZ Hkh nks pfj=k tc Hkh vkil esa feyrs gSa rks fopkjksa
osQ vknku&iznku esa VdjkgV iSnk gksuk LokHkkfod gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd jaxeap izfrjksèk dk lcls
l'kDr ekè;e gSA og dHkh Hkh ;FkkfLFkfr dks Lohdkj dj gh ugha ldrkA bl dkj.k mlesa
vLohdkj dh fLFkfr Hkh cjkcj cuh jgrh gSA D;ksafd dksbZ Hkh thrk&tkxrk laosnu'khy izk.kh
orZeku ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks ysdj vlarq"V gq, fcuk ugha jg ldrkA e”ks dh ckr ;g gS fd ftl
ukVd esa bl rjg dh vlarqf"V] NViVkgV] izfrjksèk vkSj vLohdkj tSls udkjkRed rÙoksa dh
ftruh ”;knk mifLFkfr gksxh og mruk gh xgjk
vkSj l'kDr ukVd lkfcr gksxkA mnkgj.k osQ fy,
ge vaèkk;qx] rqxyd vkfn ukVdksa dks ns[k ldrs
gSaA ;gh dkj.k gS fd tc&tc fdlh Hkh fopkj]
O;oLFkk vFkok rkRdkfyd leL;kvksa osQ leFkZu
esa ukVd fy[ks x,A os dHkh Hkh cgqr fnuksa rd
ppkZ esa ugha jgsA ;gh otg gS fd gekjs vkèkqfud
ukVddkjksa dks jke dh vis{kk jko.k] izÈkn dh
vis{kk fgj.;d';i vkSj Ñ".k dh vis{kk oaQl
vfèkd vkdf"kZr djrk gSA
ukVd fy[krs le; ;g Hkh vR;ar ”k:jh gS
fd ukVd esa tks pfj=k izLrqr fd, tk,¡ os likV]
lrgh vkSj VkbIM u gksA ftl izdkj ge viuh
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ekè;e gSA D;k vki ys[kd osQ bl
fopkj ls lger gS\ i{k vkSj foi{k
dk lewg cukdj bl fo"k; ij
ppkZ djsaA
'kkL=kh; 'kSyh esa [ksys x, ukVd dk ,d n`';
Rationalised 2023-24
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118
jks”kejkZ dh ¯”knxh esa fdlh Hkh O;fDr dks flI
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dgkuh esa Hkh pfj=kksa osQ fodkl esa bl ckr dk
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fØ;kvksa&izfrfØ;kvksa dks O;Dr djrs pysaA ukVddkj
ukVd osQ dFkkud osQ ekè;e ls tks oqQN Hkh dguk
pkgrk gS mls vius pfj=kksa vkSj muosQ chp gksus
okys ijLij laoknksa ls gh vfHkO;Dr djrk gSA
ysfdu ,slk dHkh Hkh u yxs fd og igys ls
fuf'pr fopkjksa dks ek=k 'kCnksa osQ ekè;e ls O;Dr
dj jgk gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa ukVd ^ukVd* u jgdj
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ls ;qDr thoar izk.kh gksrs gSa u fd dfork] dgkuh vkSj miU;kl esa mifLFkr jgus okys 'kkfCnd
pfj=kA vr% laokn ftrus ”;knk lgt vkSj LokHkkfod gksaxs mruk gh n'kZd osQ eeZ dks Nq,¡xsA ;gk¡
lgt LokHkkfod gksus ls vk'k; Hkk"kk dh ljyrk ls dnkfi ugha gSA laokn pkgs fdrus Hkh rRle
vkSj fDy"V Hkk"kk esa D;ksa u fy[ks x, gksa] fLFkfr rFkk ifjos'k dh ek¡x osQ vuqlkj ;fn os
LokHkkfod tku iM+rs gSa rc muosQ n'kZdksa rd
laizsf"kr gksus esa dksbZ eqf'dy ugha gksxhA bl
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txnh'k panz ekFkqj] èkeZohj Hkkjrh vkSj lqjsUnz
oekZ tSls ukVddkjksa dh Hkk"kk esa ;g fo'ks"krk
ns[k ldrs gSaA blh osQ lkFk tqM+k nwljk
loky ml f'kYi vkSj lajpuk dk Hkh gS
ftlosQ Hkhrj ls ukVddkj vius dF; dks
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vkt ¯gnh osQ ukVddkjksa osQ ikl
f'kYi dh n`f"V ls dbZ rjg osQ fodYi
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ftls ge ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnkoyh esa 'kkL=kh;
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ges'kk orZeku dky esa ?kfVr gksrh
gSA ;gk¡ rd fd ukVd dh dgkuh
cs'kd Hkwrdky ;k Hkfo";dky ls
lac¼ gks] rc Hkh mls orZeku
dky esa gh ?kfVr gksuk iM+rk gSA
4 ukVddkj dks igys ?kVukvksa dk
pquko djuk iM+rk gS] fiQj mUgsa
,d fuf'pr Øe esa j[kuk gksrk gSA
4 ,d vPNk ukVd ogh gS tks dFkk
dks vkilh cgl&eqckfglksa ls vkxs
c<+k,A
4 ukVd vkSj jaxeap tSlh foèkk dk
l`tu ewyr% vLohdkj osQ Hkhrj
ls gh gksrk gSA
118
vk/qfud ukVd dh ,d jaxeap lTtk
Rationalised 2023-24