NCERT Textbook: लाख का घर | NCERT Textbooks & Solutions for Class 7 PDF Download

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cky egkHkkjr dFkk / 19
Hkhelsu dk 'kjhj&cy vkSj vtqZu dh ;q¼&oqQ'kyrk
ns[kdj nq;ksZèku dh tyu fnu&ij&fnu c<+rh gh
xbZA og ,sls mik; lkspus yxk fd ftlls ikaMoksa
dk uk'k gks losQA bl oqQea=k.kk esa mldk ekek
'koqQfu vkSj d.kZ lykgdkj cus gq, FksA cw<+s
èk`rjk"Vª cqf¼eku FksA vius Hkrhtksa ls mudks Lusg
Hkh dkI
+
kQh Fkk] ijarq vius iq=kksa ls mudk eksg Hkh
vfèkd FkkA n`<+ fu'p; dh muesa deh Fkh] ij
og fdlh ckr ij og fLFkj ugha jg ldrs FksA
vius csVs ij vaoqQ'k j[kus dh 'kfDr muesa ugha
FkhA bl dkj.k ;g tkurs gq, Hkh fd nq;ksZèku oqQjkg
ij py jgk gS] mUgksaus mldk gh lkFk fn;kA
bèkj ikaMoksa dh yksdfiz;rk fnuksafnu c<+rh
tk jgh FkhA pkSjkgksa vkSj lHkk&lektksa esa yksx
dgrs fd jktxíh ij cSBus osQ ;ksX; rks ;qfèkf"Bj
gh gSaA os dgrs Fksµ¶èk`rjk"Vª rks tUe ls vaèks
Fks] bl dkj.k muosQ NksVs HkkbZ ikaMq gh ¯Lkgklu
ij cSBs FksA mudh vdky e`R;q gks tkus vkSj
ikaMoksa osQ ckyd gksus osQ dkj.k oqQN le; osQ
fy, èk`rjk"Vª us jkt&dkt l¡Hkkyk FkkA vc
;qfèkf"Bj cM+s gks x, gSa] rks fiQj vkxs èk`rjk"Vª
dks jkT; vius gh vèkhu j[kus dk D;k vfèkdkj
gS\ firkeg Hkh"e dk rks drZO; gS fd og
èk`rjk"Vª ls jkT; dk Hkkj ;qfèkf"Bj dks fnyk nsaA
;qfèkf"Bj gh lkjh iztk osQ lkFk U;k;iwoZd
O;ogkj dj losaQxsA¸
T;ksa&T;ksa ikaMoksa dh ;g yksdfiz;rk fn[kkbZ
nsrh Fkh] bZ";kZ ls og vkSj Hkh vfèkd oqQ<+us
yxrk FkkA
,d fnu èk`rjk"Vª dks vosQys esa ikdj
nq;ksZèku cksykµ¶firk th] iqjoklh rjg&rjg
dh ckrsa djrs gSaA tUe ls fn[kkbZ u nsus osQ
dkj.k vki cM+s gksrs gq, Hkh jkT; ls oafpr gh
jg x,A jkt&lÙkk vkiosQ NksVs HkkbZ osQ gkFk esa
pyh xbZA vc ;fn ;qfèkf"Bj dks jktk cuk
fn;k x;k] rks fiQj ihf<+;ksa rd ge jkT; dh
vk'kk ugha dj losaQxsA firk th] gels rks ;g
vieku u lgk tk,xkA¸
;g lqudj jktk èk`rjk"Vª lksp esa iM+ x,A
cksysµ¶csVk] rqEgkjk dguk Bhd gSA ysfdu
;qfèkf"Bj osQ fo#¼ oqQN djuk Hkh rks dfBu
gSA ;qfèkf"Bj èkekZuqlkj pyrk gS] lcls leku
Lusg djrk gS] vius firk osQ leku gh xq.koku
gSA bl dkj.k iztktu Hkh mls cgqr pkgrs gSaA¸
yk[k dk ?kj
10
Rationalised 2023-24
Page 2


cky egkHkkjr dFkk / 19
Hkhelsu dk 'kjhj&cy vkSj vtqZu dh ;q¼&oqQ'kyrk
ns[kdj nq;ksZèku dh tyu fnu&ij&fnu c<+rh gh
xbZA og ,sls mik; lkspus yxk fd ftlls ikaMoksa
dk uk'k gks losQA bl oqQea=k.kk esa mldk ekek
'koqQfu vkSj d.kZ lykgdkj cus gq, FksA cw<+s
èk`rjk"Vª cqf¼eku FksA vius Hkrhtksa ls mudks Lusg
Hkh dkI
+
kQh Fkk] ijarq vius iq=kksa ls mudk eksg Hkh
vfèkd FkkA n`<+ fu'p; dh muesa deh Fkh] ij
og fdlh ckr ij og fLFkj ugha jg ldrs FksA
vius csVs ij vaoqQ'k j[kus dh 'kfDr muesa ugha
FkhA bl dkj.k ;g tkurs gq, Hkh fd nq;ksZèku oqQjkg
ij py jgk gS] mUgksaus mldk gh lkFk fn;kA
bèkj ikaMoksa dh yksdfiz;rk fnuksafnu c<+rh
tk jgh FkhA pkSjkgksa vkSj lHkk&lektksa esa yksx
dgrs fd jktxíh ij cSBus osQ ;ksX; rks ;qfèkf"Bj
gh gSaA os dgrs Fksµ¶èk`rjk"Vª rks tUe ls vaèks
Fks] bl dkj.k muosQ NksVs HkkbZ ikaMq gh ¯Lkgklu
ij cSBs FksA mudh vdky e`R;q gks tkus vkSj
ikaMoksa osQ ckyd gksus osQ dkj.k oqQN le; osQ
fy, èk`rjk"Vª us jkt&dkt l¡Hkkyk FkkA vc
;qfèkf"Bj cM+s gks x, gSa] rks fiQj vkxs èk`rjk"Vª
dks jkT; vius gh vèkhu j[kus dk D;k vfèkdkj
gS\ firkeg Hkh"e dk rks drZO; gS fd og
èk`rjk"Vª ls jkT; dk Hkkj ;qfèkf"Bj dks fnyk nsaA
;qfèkf"Bj gh lkjh iztk osQ lkFk U;k;iwoZd
O;ogkj dj losaQxsA¸
T;ksa&T;ksa ikaMoksa dh ;g yksdfiz;rk fn[kkbZ
nsrh Fkh] bZ";kZ ls og vkSj Hkh vfèkd oqQ<+us
yxrk FkkA
,d fnu èk`rjk"Vª dks vosQys esa ikdj
nq;ksZèku cksykµ¶firk th] iqjoklh rjg&rjg
dh ckrsa djrs gSaA tUe ls fn[kkbZ u nsus osQ
dkj.k vki cM+s gksrs gq, Hkh jkT; ls oafpr gh
jg x,A jkt&lÙkk vkiosQ NksVs HkkbZ osQ gkFk esa
pyh xbZA vc ;fn ;qfèkf"Bj dks jktk cuk
fn;k x;k] rks fiQj ihf<+;ksa rd ge jkT; dh
vk'kk ugha dj losaQxsA firk th] gels rks ;g
vieku u lgk tk,xkA¸
;g lqudj jktk èk`rjk"Vª lksp esa iM+ x,A
cksysµ¶csVk] rqEgkjk dguk Bhd gSA ysfdu
;qfèkf"Bj osQ fo#¼ oqQN djuk Hkh rks dfBu
gSA ;qfèkf"Bj èkekZuqlkj pyrk gS] lcls leku
Lusg djrk gS] vius firk osQ leku gh xq.koku
gSA bl dkj.k iztktu Hkh mls cgqr pkgrs gSaA¸
yk[k dk ?kj
10
Rationalised 2023-24
20 / cky egkHkkjr dFkk
;g lqudj nq;ksZèku cksykµ¶firk th] vkidks
vkSj oqQN ugha djuk gS] flI
+
kZQ ikaMoksa dks
fdlh&u&fdlh cgkus okj.kkor osQ esys esa
Hkst nhft,A eSa vkidks fo'okl fnykrk gw¡
bruh lh ckr ls gekjk oqQN Hkh fcxkM+ ugha
gksxkA¸
bl chp vius firk ij vkSj vfèkd ncko
Mkyus osQ bjkns ls nq;ksZèku us oqQN owQVuhfrKksa
dks vius i{k esa feyk fy;kA os ckjh&ckjh ls
èk`rjk"Vª osQ ikl tkdj ikaMoksa osQ fo#¼ mUgsa
mdlkus yxsA buesa df.Zkd uke dk czkã.k
eq[; Fkk] tks 'koqQfu dk ea=kh FkkA mlus èk`rjk"Vª
dks jktuhfrd pkyksa dk Hksn crkrs gq, vusd
mnkgj.kkas ,oa izek.kksa ls viuh nyhyksa dh iqf"V
dhA var esa cksykµ¶jktu~! tks ,s'o;Zoku gS]
ogh lalkj esa Js"B ekuk tkrk gSA ;g ckr
Bhd gS fd ikaMo vkiosQ Hkrhts gSa] ijarq os
cM+s 'kfDr&laiUu Hkh gSaA bl dkj.k vHkh ls
pkSdUus gks tkb,A vki ikaMq&iq=kksa ls viuh j{kk
dj yhft,] ojuk ihNs iNrkb,xkA¸
df.Zkd dh ckrksa ij èk`rjk"Vª fopkj dj
jgs Fks fd nq;ksZèku us vkdj dgkµ¶firk th]
vki vxj fdlh rjg ikaMoksa dks le>kdj
okj.kkor Hkst nsa] rks uxj vkSj jkT; ij gekjk
'kklu iDdk gks tk,xkA fiQj ikaMo cM+h [kq'kh
ls ykSV ldrs gSa vkSj geas muls dksbZ [krjk
ugha jgsxkA¸
nq;ksZèku vkSj mlosQ lkFkh èk`rjk"Vª dks jkr&fnu
blh rjg ikaMoksa osQ fo#¼ oqQN&u&oqQN
dgrs&lqukrs jgrs vkSj mu ij viuk ncko
Mkyrs jgrs FksA vkf[kj èk`rjk"Vª de”kksj iM+
x, vkSj mudks ykpkj gksdj vius csVs dh
lykg ekuuh iM+hA nq;ksZèku osQ i`"B&iks"kdksa us
okj.kkor dh lqanjrk vkSj [kwfc;ksa osQ ckjs esa
ikaMoksa dks cgqr yypk;kA dgk fd okj.kkor
esa ,d Hkkjh esyk gksusokyk gS] ftldh 'kksHkk
ns[krs gh cusxhA mudh ckrsa lqu&lqudj [kqn
ikaMoksa dks Hkh okj.kkor tkus dh mRlqdrk gqbZ]
;gk¡ rd fd mUgksaus Lo;a vkdj èk`rjk"Vª ls
ogk¡ tkus dh vuqefr ek¡xhA
èk`rjk"Vª dh vuqefr ikdj ikaMo cM+s [kq'k
gq, vkSj Hkh"e vkfn ls fonk ysdj ekrk oaqQrh
osQ lkFk okj.kkor osQ fy, jokuk gks x,A
ikaMoksa osQ pys tkus dh [kcj ikdj nq;ksZèku
dh [kq'kh dh rks lhek u jghA og vius nksuksa
lkfFk;ksaµd.kZ ,oa 'koqQfu osQ lkFk cSBdj ikaMoksa
rFkk oaqQrh dk dke reke djus dk mik;
lkspus yxkA mlus vius ea=kh iqjkspu dks cqykdj
xqIr :i ls lykg nh vkSj ,d ;kstuk cukbZA
iqjkspu us ;g lkjk dke iw.kZ liQyrk osQ lkFk
iwjk djus dk opu fn;k vkSj rqjar okj.kkor
osQ fy, jokuk gks x;kA ,d 'kh?kzxkeh jFk ij
cSBdj iqjkspu ikaMoksa ls cgqr igys okj.kkor
tk igq¡pkA ogk¡ tkdj mlus ikaMoksa osQ Bgjus
osQ fy, lu] ?kh] ekse] rsy] yk[k] pjch vkfn
tYnh vkx idM+usokyh ph”kksa dks fe^h esa
feykdj ,d lqanj Hkou cuok;kA bl chp
vxj ikaMo ogk¡ tYnh igq¡p x,] rks oqQN
le; muosQ Bgjus osQ fy, ,d vkSj txg dk
izcaèk iqjkspu us dj j[kk FkkA nq;ksZèku dh ;kstuk
;g Fkh fd oqQN fnuksa rd ikaMoksa dks yk[k osQ
Hkou esa vkjke ls jgus fn;k tk, vkSj tc os
iw.kZ :i ls fu%'kad gks tk,¡] rc jkr esa Hkou
esa vkx yxk nh tk,] ftlls ikaMo rks tydj
HkLe gks tk,¡ vkSj dkSjoksa ij Hkh dksbZ nks"k u
yxk losQA
Rationalised 2023-24