NCERT Textbook - अपना मालवा-खाऊ-उजाड़ू सभ्यता में | NCERT Books & Solutions for Humanities - Humanities/Arts PDF Download

 Page 1


ikB ifjp;
?
viuk ekyok
[kkmQ&mtkM+
w
 lH;rk esa
izHkk"k tks'kh dk viuk ekyokµ[kkmQ&mtkM+
w
 lH;rk esa ikB tulÙkk]
1 vDVwcj 2006 osQ dkxn dkjs LraHk ls fy;k x;k gSA bl ikB esa
ys[kd us ekyok izns'k dh fe^h] o"kkZ] ufn;ksa dh fLFkfr] mn~xe ,oa
foLrkj rFkk ogk¡ osQ tuthou ,oa laLÑfr dks fpf=kr fd;k gSA igys
osQ ekyok ^ekyo èkjrh xgu xaHkhj] Mx&Mx jksVh ix&ix uhj* dh vc
osQ ekyok ^unh ukys lw[k x,] ix&ix uhj okyk ekyok lw[kk gks x;k*
ls rqyuk dh gSA tks ekyok viuh lq[k&le`f¼ ,oa laiUurk osQ fy,
fo[;kr Fkk ogh vc [kkÅ&mtkM
+
w
 lH;rk esa i¡Qldj my> x;k gSA ;g
[kkÅ&mtkM
+
w
 lH;rk ;wjksi vkSj vesfjdk dh nsu gS ftlosQ dkj.k fodkl
dh vkS|ksfxd lH;rk mtkM+ dh vilH;rk cu xbZ gSA blls iwjh nqfu;k
izHkkfor gqbZ gS] i;kZoj.k fcxM+k gSA
ys[kd dh i;kZoj.k lacaèkh ¯prk flI
+
kZQ ekyok rd lhfer u gksdj
lkoZHkkSfed gks xbZ gSA vesfjdk dh [kkÅ&mtkM+
w
 thou i¼fr us nqfu;k
dks bruk izHkkfor fd;k gS fd ge viuh thou i¼fr] laLÑfr] lH;rk
rFkk viuh èkjrh dks mtkM+us esa yxs gq, gSaA bl cgkus ys[kd us
[kkÅ&mtkM+
w
 thou i¼fr osQ }kjk i;kZoj.kh; fouk'k dh iwjh rlohj
[khaph gS ftlls ekyok Hkh ugha cp ldk gSA vkèkqfud vkS|ksfxd
fodkl us gesa viuh tM+&”kehu ls vyx dj fn;k gSA lgh ek;uksa esa
ge mtM+ jgs gSaA bl ikB osQ ekè;e ls ys[kd us i;kZoj.kh; ljksdkjksa
dks vke turk ls tksM+ fn;k gS rFkk i;kZoj.k osQ izfr yksxksa dks lpsr
fd;k gSA
Reprint 2024-25
Page 2


ikB ifjp;
?
viuk ekyok
[kkmQ&mtkM+
w
 lH;rk esa
izHkk"k tks'kh dk viuk ekyokµ[kkmQ&mtkM+
w
 lH;rk esa ikB tulÙkk]
1 vDVwcj 2006 osQ dkxn dkjs LraHk ls fy;k x;k gSA bl ikB esa
ys[kd us ekyok izns'k dh fe^h] o"kkZ] ufn;ksa dh fLFkfr] mn~xe ,oa
foLrkj rFkk ogk¡ osQ tuthou ,oa laLÑfr dks fpf=kr fd;k gSA igys
osQ ekyok ^ekyo èkjrh xgu xaHkhj] Mx&Mx jksVh ix&ix uhj* dh vc
osQ ekyok ^unh ukys lw[k x,] ix&ix uhj okyk ekyok lw[kk gks x;k*
ls rqyuk dh gSA tks ekyok viuh lq[k&le`f¼ ,oa laiUurk osQ fy,
fo[;kr Fkk ogh vc [kkÅ&mtkM
+
w
 lH;rk esa i¡Qldj my> x;k gSA ;g
[kkÅ&mtkM
+
w
 lH;rk ;wjksi vkSj vesfjdk dh nsu gS ftlosQ dkj.k fodkl
dh vkS|ksfxd lH;rk mtkM+ dh vilH;rk cu xbZ gSA blls iwjh nqfu;k
izHkkfor gqbZ gS] i;kZoj.k fcxM+k gSA
ys[kd dh i;kZoj.k lacaèkh ¯prk flI
+
kZQ ekyok rd lhfer u gksdj
lkoZHkkSfed gks xbZ gSA vesfjdk dh [kkÅ&mtkM+
w
 thou i¼fr us nqfu;k
dks bruk izHkkfor fd;k gS fd ge viuh thou i¼fr] laLÑfr] lH;rk
rFkk viuh èkjrh dks mtkM+us esa yxs gq, gSaA bl cgkus ys[kd us
[kkÅ&mtkM+
w
 thou i¼fr osQ }kjk i;kZoj.kh; fouk'k dh iwjh rlohj
[khaph gS ftlls ekyok Hkh ugha cp ldk gSA vkèkqfud vkS|ksfxd
fodkl us gesa viuh tM+&”kehu ls vyx dj fn;k gSA lgh ek;uksa esa
ge mtM+ jgs gSaA bl ikB osQ ekè;e ls ys[kd us i;kZoj.kh; ljksdkjksa
dks vke turk ls tksM+ fn;k gS rFkk i;kZoj.k osQ izfr yksxksa dks lpsr
fd;k gSA
Reprint 2024-25
 22 / varjky
izHkk"k tks'kh
viuk ekyok
[kkÅ&mtkM+
w
 lH;rk esa
mxrs lwjt dh fuFkjh dksey èkwi jktLFkku esa jg xbZA ekyok yxk rks vkleku cknyksa ls Nk;k gqvk
FkkA dkys Hkwjs cknyA FkksM+h nsj esa yxus yxk fd pkSeklk vHkh x;k ugha gSA tgk¡&tgk¡ Hkh ikuh Hkjk
gqvk jg ldrk Fkk yckyc Hkjk gqvk Fkk] eVeSyk cjlkrh ikuhA ftrus Hkh NksVs&eksVs unh&ukys fn[k
jgs Fks] lc cg jgs FksA blls ”;knk ikuh vc ;g èkjrh lks[k osQ j[k ugha ldrh FkhA Åij ls ckny
fd dHkh Hkh cjl ldrs FksA
Reprint 2024-25
Page 3


ikB ifjp;
?
viuk ekyok
[kkmQ&mtkM+
w
 lH;rk esa
izHkk"k tks'kh dk viuk ekyokµ[kkmQ&mtkM+
w
 lH;rk esa ikB tulÙkk]
1 vDVwcj 2006 osQ dkxn dkjs LraHk ls fy;k x;k gSA bl ikB esa
ys[kd us ekyok izns'k dh fe^h] o"kkZ] ufn;ksa dh fLFkfr] mn~xe ,oa
foLrkj rFkk ogk¡ osQ tuthou ,oa laLÑfr dks fpf=kr fd;k gSA igys
osQ ekyok ^ekyo èkjrh xgu xaHkhj] Mx&Mx jksVh ix&ix uhj* dh vc
osQ ekyok ^unh ukys lw[k x,] ix&ix uhj okyk ekyok lw[kk gks x;k*
ls rqyuk dh gSA tks ekyok viuh lq[k&le`f¼ ,oa laiUurk osQ fy,
fo[;kr Fkk ogh vc [kkÅ&mtkM
+
w
 lH;rk esa i¡Qldj my> x;k gSA ;g
[kkÅ&mtkM
+
w
 lH;rk ;wjksi vkSj vesfjdk dh nsu gS ftlosQ dkj.k fodkl
dh vkS|ksfxd lH;rk mtkM+ dh vilH;rk cu xbZ gSA blls iwjh nqfu;k
izHkkfor gqbZ gS] i;kZoj.k fcxM+k gSA
ys[kd dh i;kZoj.k lacaèkh ¯prk flI
+
kZQ ekyok rd lhfer u gksdj
lkoZHkkSfed gks xbZ gSA vesfjdk dh [kkÅ&mtkM+
w
 thou i¼fr us nqfu;k
dks bruk izHkkfor fd;k gS fd ge viuh thou i¼fr] laLÑfr] lH;rk
rFkk viuh èkjrh dks mtkM+us esa yxs gq, gSaA bl cgkus ys[kd us
[kkÅ&mtkM+
w
 thou i¼fr osQ }kjk i;kZoj.kh; fouk'k dh iwjh rlohj
[khaph gS ftlls ekyok Hkh ugha cp ldk gSA vkèkqfud vkS|ksfxd
fodkl us gesa viuh tM+&”kehu ls vyx dj fn;k gSA lgh ek;uksa esa
ge mtM+ jgs gSaA bl ikB osQ ekè;e ls ys[kd us i;kZoj.kh; ljksdkjksa
dks vke turk ls tksM+ fn;k gS rFkk i;kZoj.k osQ izfr yksxksa dks lpsr
fd;k gSA
Reprint 2024-25
 22 / varjky
izHkk"k tks'kh
viuk ekyok
[kkÅ&mtkM+
w
 lH;rk esa
mxrs lwjt dh fuFkjh dksey èkwi jktLFkku esa jg xbZA ekyok yxk rks vkleku cknyksa ls Nk;k gqvk
FkkA dkys Hkwjs cknyA FkksM+h nsj esa yxus yxk fd pkSeklk vHkh x;k ugha gSA tgk¡&tgk¡ Hkh ikuh Hkjk
gqvk jg ldrk Fkk yckyc Hkjk gqvk Fkk] eVeSyk cjlkrh ikuhA ftrus Hkh NksVs&eksVs unh&ukys fn[k
jgs Fks] lc cg jgs FksA blls ”;knk ikuh vc ;g èkjrh lks[k osQ j[k ugha ldrh FkhA Åij ls ckny
fd dHkh Hkh cjl ldrs FksA
Reprint 2024-25
viuk ekyokµ[kkmQ&mtkM+
w
 lH;rk esa / 23
uojkf=k dh igyh lqcg FkhA ekyok esa ?kV&LFkkiuk dh rS;kjhA xkscj ls ?kj&vk¡xu yhius
vkSj ekukth osQ vksVys dks jaxksyh ls ltkus dh lqcgA cgw&csfV;ksa osQ ugkus&èkksus vkSj ltdj
R;ksgkj eukus esa yxus dh ?kM+hA ysfdu vkleku rks ?km¡Q&?km¡Q dj jgk FkkA jkLrs esa NksVs LVs'kuksa
ij efgykvksa dh gh HkhM+ FkhA eSa] mtyh&pVd èkwi] ygygkrh Tokjµcktjs vkSj lks;kchu dh
iQlysa] ihys iwQyksaokyh iSQyrh csysa vkSj nedrs ?kj&vk¡xu ns[kus vk;k FkkA ysfdu yx jgk Fkk
fd ikuh rks fxj osQ jgsxkA ,slk ugha fd uojkf=k esa ikuh fxjrs u ns[kk gksA Dokaj ekyok esa ekulwu
osQ tkus dk eghuk gksrk gSA dHkh FkksM+k igys Hkh pyk tkrk gSA bl ckj rks tkrs gq, Hkh tes jgus
dh èkkSal ns jgk gSA
ukxnk LVs'ku ij eh.kk th fcuk phuh dh pk; fiykrs gSaA lkjs ”k:jh lekpkj Hkh nsrs gSaA
xbZ jkr Dokykyaiqj esa Hkkjr osQ gkjus ls nq%[kh FksA iwNus ij gh ekSle vkSj [ksrh ij vk,] ¶gk¡]
vcdh ikuh Hkksr fxj~;ksA fdlku oSQ fd gekjh lks;kchu dh iQly rks xyh xbZA i.k vc
xsg¡w&puk vPNk gks;xkA¸ lkj esa muus dgk vkSj nqdku esa yx x,A pk; vkSj Hkft;k muus vPNk
cuok osQ fn;k FkkA ge fe;k¡&choh e”ks esa [kkrs&ihrs mTtSu igq¡p x,A jkLrs esa f'kizk feyhA eS;k
,slh Hkjiwj vkSj cgrh gqbZ rks cjlksa esa fn[kh FkhA x, eghus Vhoh ij ykbu i<+h Fkh fd mTtSu
esa f'kizk dk ikuh ?kjksa esa ?kql x;kA Hkksiky] bankSj] èkkj] nsokl lc esa >M+h yxh FkhA lc txg
I
+
kQksu yxk osQ iwNk FkkA [krjk dgha u Fkk] ysfdu lc dks iqjkus fnu ;kn vk x, FksA
vc ekyok esa oSlk ikuh ugha fxjrk tSlk fxjk djrk FkkA blfy, igys dk vkSlr ikuh Hkh
fxjs rks yksxksa dks yxrk gS fd ”;knk fxj x;kA bl ckj Hkh cjlkr ogh pkyhl bap fxjh gSA dgha
”;knk gS dgha FkksM+h deA ysfdu yksx Vhoh dh le> esa vfÙk dh cksyus yxs gSaA mTtSu ls nsokl
gksrs gq, bankSj tkuk ekyok osQ vk¡xu esa ls fudyuk gSA Dokaj dh èkwi gksrh rks Hkjh&iwjh xnjkbZ
gfj;kyh ls rch;r >d gks tkrh] ysfdu oqQ,¡&ckoM+h vkSj rkykc&ryS;k osQ yckyc Hkjs]
unh&ukyksa dks cgrs vkSj iQlyksa dks ygjkrs ns[kks rks D;k x”kc dh foiqyrk dh vk'ofLr feyrh
gS! [kwc eukvks nlsjk&fnokyhA vcdh ekyoks [kwc ikD;ks gsA
bankSj mrjrs gh xkM+h esa lkeku j[krs nOok dks dgk fd vius dks lc ufn;k¡] lkjs rkykc]
lkjs rky&ryS;k vkSj tyk'k; ns[kus gSaA lc igkM+ p<+us gSaA
mlus eqloqQjkrs gq, dgkµ;gha ls\
uh ;kj isys ekrk fcBk;axkA
ekrk rks cSB xbZ] vkjrh Hkh gks xbZ rkmQth] ,d ctusokyk gSA
ckn esa ik;k fd mej Hkh vc lÙkj dh gks tk,xhA igkM+ p<+s ugha tk,¡xsA unh&ukys ikj
ugha gksaxsA lw[krh lqugjh ?kkl cqyk,xh ysfdu ml ij ysVdj jM+dk ugha tk losQxkA eu ls rks
Reprint 2024-25
Page 4


ikB ifjp;
?
viuk ekyok
[kkmQ&mtkM+
w
 lH;rk esa
izHkk"k tks'kh dk viuk ekyokµ[kkmQ&mtkM+
w
 lH;rk esa ikB tulÙkk]
1 vDVwcj 2006 osQ dkxn dkjs LraHk ls fy;k x;k gSA bl ikB esa
ys[kd us ekyok izns'k dh fe^h] o"kkZ] ufn;ksa dh fLFkfr] mn~xe ,oa
foLrkj rFkk ogk¡ osQ tuthou ,oa laLÑfr dks fpf=kr fd;k gSA igys
osQ ekyok ^ekyo èkjrh xgu xaHkhj] Mx&Mx jksVh ix&ix uhj* dh vc
osQ ekyok ^unh ukys lw[k x,] ix&ix uhj okyk ekyok lw[kk gks x;k*
ls rqyuk dh gSA tks ekyok viuh lq[k&le`f¼ ,oa laiUurk osQ fy,
fo[;kr Fkk ogh vc [kkÅ&mtkM
+
w
 lH;rk esa i¡Qldj my> x;k gSA ;g
[kkÅ&mtkM
+
w
 lH;rk ;wjksi vkSj vesfjdk dh nsu gS ftlosQ dkj.k fodkl
dh vkS|ksfxd lH;rk mtkM+ dh vilH;rk cu xbZ gSA blls iwjh nqfu;k
izHkkfor gqbZ gS] i;kZoj.k fcxM+k gSA
ys[kd dh i;kZoj.k lacaèkh ¯prk flI
+
kZQ ekyok rd lhfer u gksdj
lkoZHkkSfed gks xbZ gSA vesfjdk dh [kkÅ&mtkM+
w
 thou i¼fr us nqfu;k
dks bruk izHkkfor fd;k gS fd ge viuh thou i¼fr] laLÑfr] lH;rk
rFkk viuh èkjrh dks mtkM+us esa yxs gq, gSaA bl cgkus ys[kd us
[kkÅ&mtkM+
w
 thou i¼fr osQ }kjk i;kZoj.kh; fouk'k dh iwjh rlohj
[khaph gS ftlls ekyok Hkh ugha cp ldk gSA vkèkqfud vkS|ksfxd
fodkl us gesa viuh tM+&”kehu ls vyx dj fn;k gSA lgh ek;uksa esa
ge mtM+ jgs gSaA bl ikB osQ ekè;e ls ys[kd us i;kZoj.kh; ljksdkjksa
dks vke turk ls tksM+ fn;k gS rFkk i;kZoj.k osQ izfr yksxksa dks lpsr
fd;k gSA
Reprint 2024-25
 22 / varjky
izHkk"k tks'kh
viuk ekyok
[kkÅ&mtkM+
w
 lH;rk esa
mxrs lwjt dh fuFkjh dksey èkwi jktLFkku esa jg xbZA ekyok yxk rks vkleku cknyksa ls Nk;k gqvk
FkkA dkys Hkwjs cknyA FkksM+h nsj esa yxus yxk fd pkSeklk vHkh x;k ugha gSA tgk¡&tgk¡ Hkh ikuh Hkjk
gqvk jg ldrk Fkk yckyc Hkjk gqvk Fkk] eVeSyk cjlkrh ikuhA ftrus Hkh NksVs&eksVs unh&ukys fn[k
jgs Fks] lc cg jgs FksA blls ”;knk ikuh vc ;g èkjrh lks[k osQ j[k ugha ldrh FkhA Åij ls ckny
fd dHkh Hkh cjl ldrs FksA
Reprint 2024-25
viuk ekyokµ[kkmQ&mtkM+
w
 lH;rk esa / 23
uojkf=k dh igyh lqcg FkhA ekyok esa ?kV&LFkkiuk dh rS;kjhA xkscj ls ?kj&vk¡xu yhius
vkSj ekukth osQ vksVys dks jaxksyh ls ltkus dh lqcgA cgw&csfV;ksa osQ ugkus&èkksus vkSj ltdj
R;ksgkj eukus esa yxus dh ?kM+hA ysfdu vkleku rks ?km¡Q&?km¡Q dj jgk FkkA jkLrs esa NksVs LVs'kuksa
ij efgykvksa dh gh HkhM+ FkhA eSa] mtyh&pVd èkwi] ygygkrh Tokjµcktjs vkSj lks;kchu dh
iQlysa] ihys iwQyksaokyh iSQyrh csysa vkSj nedrs ?kj&vk¡xu ns[kus vk;k FkkA ysfdu yx jgk Fkk
fd ikuh rks fxj osQ jgsxkA ,slk ugha fd uojkf=k esa ikuh fxjrs u ns[kk gksA Dokaj ekyok esa ekulwu
osQ tkus dk eghuk gksrk gSA dHkh FkksM+k igys Hkh pyk tkrk gSA bl ckj rks tkrs gq, Hkh tes jgus
dh èkkSal ns jgk gSA
ukxnk LVs'ku ij eh.kk th fcuk phuh dh pk; fiykrs gSaA lkjs ”k:jh lekpkj Hkh nsrs gSaA
xbZ jkr Dokykyaiqj esa Hkkjr osQ gkjus ls nq%[kh FksA iwNus ij gh ekSle vkSj [ksrh ij vk,] ¶gk¡]
vcdh ikuh Hkksr fxj~;ksA fdlku oSQ fd gekjh lks;kchu dh iQly rks xyh xbZA i.k vc
xsg¡w&puk vPNk gks;xkA¸ lkj esa muus dgk vkSj nqdku esa yx x,A pk; vkSj Hkft;k muus vPNk
cuok osQ fn;k FkkA ge fe;k¡&choh e”ks esa [kkrs&ihrs mTtSu igq¡p x,A jkLrs esa f'kizk feyhA eS;k
,slh Hkjiwj vkSj cgrh gqbZ rks cjlksa esa fn[kh FkhA x, eghus Vhoh ij ykbu i<+h Fkh fd mTtSu
esa f'kizk dk ikuh ?kjksa esa ?kql x;kA Hkksiky] bankSj] èkkj] nsokl lc esa >M+h yxh FkhA lc txg
I
+
kQksu yxk osQ iwNk FkkA [krjk dgha u Fkk] ysfdu lc dks iqjkus fnu ;kn vk x, FksA
vc ekyok esa oSlk ikuh ugha fxjrk tSlk fxjk djrk FkkA blfy, igys dk vkSlr ikuh Hkh
fxjs rks yksxksa dks yxrk gS fd ”;knk fxj x;kA bl ckj Hkh cjlkr ogh pkyhl bap fxjh gSA dgha
”;knk gS dgha FkksM+h deA ysfdu yksx Vhoh dh le> esa vfÙk dh cksyus yxs gSaA mTtSu ls nsokl
gksrs gq, bankSj tkuk ekyok osQ vk¡xu esa ls fudyuk gSA Dokaj dh èkwi gksrh rks Hkjh&iwjh xnjkbZ
gfj;kyh ls rch;r >d gks tkrh] ysfdu oqQ,¡&ckoM+h vkSj rkykc&ryS;k osQ yckyc Hkjs]
unh&ukyksa dks cgrs vkSj iQlyksa dks ygjkrs ns[kks rks D;k x”kc dh foiqyrk dh vk'ofLr feyrh
gS! [kwc eukvks nlsjk&fnokyhA vcdh ekyoks [kwc ikD;ks gsA
bankSj mrjrs gh xkM+h esa lkeku j[krs nOok dks dgk fd vius dks lc ufn;k¡] lkjs rkykc]
lkjs rky&ryS;k vkSj tyk'k; ns[kus gSaA lc igkM+ p<+us gSaA
mlus eqloqQjkrs gq, dgkµ;gha ls\
uh ;kj isys ekrk fcBk;axkA
ekrk rks cSB xbZ] vkjrh Hkh gks xbZ rkmQth] ,d ctusokyk gSA
ckn esa ik;k fd mej Hkh vc lÙkj dh gks tk,xhA igkM+ p<+s ugha tk,¡xsA unh&ukys ikj
ugha gksaxsA lw[krh lqugjh ?kkl cqyk,xh ysfdu ml ij ysVdj jM+dk ugha tk losQxkA eu ls rks
Reprint 2024-25
 24 / varjky
fd'kksj gks ldrs gksA 'kjhj fiQj oSlk iqQrhZyk] yphyk vkSj xohZyk ugha gks ldrkA mej tks ys
xbZ mls ys tkus nksA mldk tks gS] j[ksA viuk tks gS mls ft,¡A
bl =kklnk;h izrhfr osQ ckotwn nks txgksa ls ueZnk ns[khA vksadkjs'oj esa ml ikj lsA lkeus
lhesaV oaQØhV dk fo'kky jk{klh ck¡/ ml ij cuk;k tk jgk gSA 'kk;n blhfy, og fp<+rh vkSj
frufru&fiQufiQu djrh cg jgh FkhA eVeSyh] dgha fNNyh vius ry osQ iRFkj fn[kkrh] dgha
xgjh vFkkgA os cM+h&cM+h ukosa ogk¡ ugha FkhaA 'kk;n iwj esa cgus ls cpkdj dgha j[k nh xbZ
FkhaA fdukjksa ij VwVs iRFkj iM+s FksA T;ksfrfy± x dk rhFkZ /ke og ugha yx jgk FkkA fuekZ.k esa yxh
cM+h&cM+h e'khusa vkSj xqjkZrs Vªd FksA ogha FkksM+h nsj Dokaj dh fpyfpykrh /wi feyh] ysfdu ueZnk
osQ ckj&ckj iwj vkus osQ fu'kku pkjksa rjI
+
kQ FksA ckotwn brus ck¡/ksa osQ ueZnk esa vc Hkh [kwc ikuh
vkSj xfr gSA
usekoj osQ ikl ctokM+k esa ueZnk 'kkar] xaHkhj vkSj Hkjh&iwjh FkhA 'kke gks tkus ij Hkh tSls
vius vanj osQ eans mtkys ls xed jgh FkhA poFk dk pk¡n ml ij yVdk gqvk FkkA fe^h dh
m¡Qph dxkj ij isM+ksa osQ chp cSBs gq, ge pqipki mls iz.kke dj jgs FksA Hksu th us tSls mls
lgykrs gq, dgkµFkd xbZ gSA ns[kuk vc jkr dks cgsxhA
jkrHkj ge mlosQ fdukjs gh lks,A lcsjs mBdj fiQj tSls mlosQ ueu esa mlosQ fdukjs cSBsA
vc og 'kkar cg jgh FkhA viu ?kkV uhps ueZnk fdukjs osQ yksxA Hksu th xaxk fdukjs dhA ge
unh dks unh ugha ek¡ ekurs gSaA ueZnk eS;k gSA mlls ge cus gSaA mlosQ fdukjs cSBuk ek¡ dh xksn
esa Mwcuk gSA
vksadkjs'oj vkSj usekoj tkrs gq, nksuksa ckj ¯oè; osQ ?kkV mrjus iM+sA ,d rjI
+
kQ flejksy dk
?kkV] nwljh rjI
+
kQ fctokM+A nksuksa esa lkxkSu osQ taxyA iÙks [kk¡[kjs gksrs gq,] fiQj Hkh iqQufx;ksa ij
iwQy osQ >YysA flejksy osQ chp ls pksjy [kwc cgrh gqbZ feyhA fctokM+ esa gj ukyk cg jgk
FkkA gj igkM+h unh dh jiV ij ikuh FkkA cpiu esa fir`i{k vkSj uojkf=k ij ,slk gh ikuh feyrk
FkkA lkjs unh] ukys ,sls gh dyey djrs thfor gks mBrs FksA igkM+ksa osQ lhus esa fdrus lzksr gSaA
lc cgsa rks uhps dh dkyh fe^h [kwc mexdj iQy&iwQy vkSj vUu nsrh gSA usekoj osQ jkLrs ij
gh osQoM+s'oj gS tgk¡ ls f'kizk fudyrh gSA dkfynkl dh f'kizkA cgqr cM+h unh ugha gSA ysfdu
mTtSu esa egkdky osQ ik¡o i[kkjs rks ifo=k gks xbZA pacy ¯oè; osQ tkukiko ioZr ls fudyh
vkSj fuekM+] ekyok] cqansy[kaM] Xokfy;j gksrh gqbZ bVkok osQ ikl teuk esa feyhA
pacy dks geus ?kkVk fcyksn esa ns[kkA dkI
+
kQh ikuh FkkA [kwc cg jgh FkhA mlesa ugkrs yM+osQ
dks xoZ Fkk fd ;gk¡ NksVh fn[krh gks rks D;k! gekjh pacy ls xaxk gh cl cM+h gSA vkxs cgqr
cM+k ck¡èk gSA [kwc ikuh gSA bl ckj xk¡èkh lkxj osQ lc iQkVd [kksyus iM+sA bÙkk ikuh HkjkA xaHkhj
bruh cM+h ugha gSA ysfdu gkyksn osQ vkxs ;'koar lkxj dks bl ckj fiQj mlus bruk Hkj fn;k
Reprint 2024-25
Page 5


ikB ifjp;
?
viuk ekyok
[kkmQ&mtkM+
w
 lH;rk esa
izHkk"k tks'kh dk viuk ekyokµ[kkmQ&mtkM+
w
 lH;rk esa ikB tulÙkk]
1 vDVwcj 2006 osQ dkxn dkjs LraHk ls fy;k x;k gSA bl ikB esa
ys[kd us ekyok izns'k dh fe^h] o"kkZ] ufn;ksa dh fLFkfr] mn~xe ,oa
foLrkj rFkk ogk¡ osQ tuthou ,oa laLÑfr dks fpf=kr fd;k gSA igys
osQ ekyok ^ekyo èkjrh xgu xaHkhj] Mx&Mx jksVh ix&ix uhj* dh vc
osQ ekyok ^unh ukys lw[k x,] ix&ix uhj okyk ekyok lw[kk gks x;k*
ls rqyuk dh gSA tks ekyok viuh lq[k&le`f¼ ,oa laiUurk osQ fy,
fo[;kr Fkk ogh vc [kkÅ&mtkM
+
w
 lH;rk esa i¡Qldj my> x;k gSA ;g
[kkÅ&mtkM
+
w
 lH;rk ;wjksi vkSj vesfjdk dh nsu gS ftlosQ dkj.k fodkl
dh vkS|ksfxd lH;rk mtkM+ dh vilH;rk cu xbZ gSA blls iwjh nqfu;k
izHkkfor gqbZ gS] i;kZoj.k fcxM+k gSA
ys[kd dh i;kZoj.k lacaèkh ¯prk flI
+
kZQ ekyok rd lhfer u gksdj
lkoZHkkSfed gks xbZ gSA vesfjdk dh [kkÅ&mtkM+
w
 thou i¼fr us nqfu;k
dks bruk izHkkfor fd;k gS fd ge viuh thou i¼fr] laLÑfr] lH;rk
rFkk viuh èkjrh dks mtkM+us esa yxs gq, gSaA bl cgkus ys[kd us
[kkÅ&mtkM+
w
 thou i¼fr osQ }kjk i;kZoj.kh; fouk'k dh iwjh rlohj
[khaph gS ftlls ekyok Hkh ugha cp ldk gSA vkèkqfud vkS|ksfxd
fodkl us gesa viuh tM+&”kehu ls vyx dj fn;k gSA lgh ek;uksa esa
ge mtM+ jgs gSaA bl ikB osQ ekè;e ls ys[kd us i;kZoj.kh; ljksdkjksa
dks vke turk ls tksM+ fn;k gS rFkk i;kZoj.k osQ izfr yksxksa dks lpsr
fd;k gSA
Reprint 2024-25
 22 / varjky
izHkk"k tks'kh
viuk ekyok
[kkÅ&mtkM+
w
 lH;rk esa
mxrs lwjt dh fuFkjh dksey èkwi jktLFkku esa jg xbZA ekyok yxk rks vkleku cknyksa ls Nk;k gqvk
FkkA dkys Hkwjs cknyA FkksM+h nsj esa yxus yxk fd pkSeklk vHkh x;k ugha gSA tgk¡&tgk¡ Hkh ikuh Hkjk
gqvk jg ldrk Fkk yckyc Hkjk gqvk Fkk] eVeSyk cjlkrh ikuhA ftrus Hkh NksVs&eksVs unh&ukys fn[k
jgs Fks] lc cg jgs FksA blls ”;knk ikuh vc ;g èkjrh lks[k osQ j[k ugha ldrh FkhA Åij ls ckny
fd dHkh Hkh cjl ldrs FksA
Reprint 2024-25
viuk ekyokµ[kkmQ&mtkM+
w
 lH;rk esa / 23
uojkf=k dh igyh lqcg FkhA ekyok esa ?kV&LFkkiuk dh rS;kjhA xkscj ls ?kj&vk¡xu yhius
vkSj ekukth osQ vksVys dks jaxksyh ls ltkus dh lqcgA cgw&csfV;ksa osQ ugkus&èkksus vkSj ltdj
R;ksgkj eukus esa yxus dh ?kM+hA ysfdu vkleku rks ?km¡Q&?km¡Q dj jgk FkkA jkLrs esa NksVs LVs'kuksa
ij efgykvksa dh gh HkhM+ FkhA eSa] mtyh&pVd èkwi] ygygkrh Tokjµcktjs vkSj lks;kchu dh
iQlysa] ihys iwQyksaokyh iSQyrh csysa vkSj nedrs ?kj&vk¡xu ns[kus vk;k FkkA ysfdu yx jgk Fkk
fd ikuh rks fxj osQ jgsxkA ,slk ugha fd uojkf=k esa ikuh fxjrs u ns[kk gksA Dokaj ekyok esa ekulwu
osQ tkus dk eghuk gksrk gSA dHkh FkksM+k igys Hkh pyk tkrk gSA bl ckj rks tkrs gq, Hkh tes jgus
dh èkkSal ns jgk gSA
ukxnk LVs'ku ij eh.kk th fcuk phuh dh pk; fiykrs gSaA lkjs ”k:jh lekpkj Hkh nsrs gSaA
xbZ jkr Dokykyaiqj esa Hkkjr osQ gkjus ls nq%[kh FksA iwNus ij gh ekSle vkSj [ksrh ij vk,] ¶gk¡]
vcdh ikuh Hkksr fxj~;ksA fdlku oSQ fd gekjh lks;kchu dh iQly rks xyh xbZA i.k vc
xsg¡w&puk vPNk gks;xkA¸ lkj esa muus dgk vkSj nqdku esa yx x,A pk; vkSj Hkft;k muus vPNk
cuok osQ fn;k FkkA ge fe;k¡&choh e”ks esa [kkrs&ihrs mTtSu igq¡p x,A jkLrs esa f'kizk feyhA eS;k
,slh Hkjiwj vkSj cgrh gqbZ rks cjlksa esa fn[kh FkhA x, eghus Vhoh ij ykbu i<+h Fkh fd mTtSu
esa f'kizk dk ikuh ?kjksa esa ?kql x;kA Hkksiky] bankSj] èkkj] nsokl lc esa >M+h yxh FkhA lc txg
I
+
kQksu yxk osQ iwNk FkkA [krjk dgha u Fkk] ysfdu lc dks iqjkus fnu ;kn vk x, FksA
vc ekyok esa oSlk ikuh ugha fxjrk tSlk fxjk djrk FkkA blfy, igys dk vkSlr ikuh Hkh
fxjs rks yksxksa dks yxrk gS fd ”;knk fxj x;kA bl ckj Hkh cjlkr ogh pkyhl bap fxjh gSA dgha
”;knk gS dgha FkksM+h deA ysfdu yksx Vhoh dh le> esa vfÙk dh cksyus yxs gSaA mTtSu ls nsokl
gksrs gq, bankSj tkuk ekyok osQ vk¡xu esa ls fudyuk gSA Dokaj dh èkwi gksrh rks Hkjh&iwjh xnjkbZ
gfj;kyh ls rch;r >d gks tkrh] ysfdu oqQ,¡&ckoM+h vkSj rkykc&ryS;k osQ yckyc Hkjs]
unh&ukyksa dks cgrs vkSj iQlyksa dks ygjkrs ns[kks rks D;k x”kc dh foiqyrk dh vk'ofLr feyrh
gS! [kwc eukvks nlsjk&fnokyhA vcdh ekyoks [kwc ikD;ks gsA
bankSj mrjrs gh xkM+h esa lkeku j[krs nOok dks dgk fd vius dks lc ufn;k¡] lkjs rkykc]
lkjs rky&ryS;k vkSj tyk'k; ns[kus gSaA lc igkM+ p<+us gSaA
mlus eqloqQjkrs gq, dgkµ;gha ls\
uh ;kj isys ekrk fcBk;axkA
ekrk rks cSB xbZ] vkjrh Hkh gks xbZ rkmQth] ,d ctusokyk gSA
ckn esa ik;k fd mej Hkh vc lÙkj dh gks tk,xhA igkM+ p<+s ugha tk,¡xsA unh&ukys ikj
ugha gksaxsA lw[krh lqugjh ?kkl cqyk,xh ysfdu ml ij ysVdj jM+dk ugha tk losQxkA eu ls rks
Reprint 2024-25
 24 / varjky
fd'kksj gks ldrs gksA 'kjhj fiQj oSlk iqQrhZyk] yphyk vkSj xohZyk ugha gks ldrkA mej tks ys
xbZ mls ys tkus nksA mldk tks gS] j[ksA viuk tks gS mls ft,¡A
bl =kklnk;h izrhfr osQ ckotwn nks txgksa ls ueZnk ns[khA vksadkjs'oj esa ml ikj lsA lkeus
lhesaV oaQØhV dk fo'kky jk{klh ck¡/ ml ij cuk;k tk jgk gSA 'kk;n blhfy, og fp<+rh vkSj
frufru&fiQufiQu djrh cg jgh FkhA eVeSyh] dgha fNNyh vius ry osQ iRFkj fn[kkrh] dgha
xgjh vFkkgA os cM+h&cM+h ukosa ogk¡ ugha FkhaA 'kk;n iwj esa cgus ls cpkdj dgha j[k nh xbZ
FkhaA fdukjksa ij VwVs iRFkj iM+s FksA T;ksfrfy± x dk rhFkZ /ke og ugha yx jgk FkkA fuekZ.k esa yxh
cM+h&cM+h e'khusa vkSj xqjkZrs Vªd FksA ogha FkksM+h nsj Dokaj dh fpyfpykrh /wi feyh] ysfdu ueZnk
osQ ckj&ckj iwj vkus osQ fu'kku pkjksa rjI
+
kQ FksA ckotwn brus ck¡/ksa osQ ueZnk esa vc Hkh [kwc ikuh
vkSj xfr gSA
usekoj osQ ikl ctokM+k esa ueZnk 'kkar] xaHkhj vkSj Hkjh&iwjh FkhA 'kke gks tkus ij Hkh tSls
vius vanj osQ eans mtkys ls xed jgh FkhA poFk dk pk¡n ml ij yVdk gqvk FkkA fe^h dh
m¡Qph dxkj ij isM+ksa osQ chp cSBs gq, ge pqipki mls iz.kke dj jgs FksA Hksu th us tSls mls
lgykrs gq, dgkµFkd xbZ gSA ns[kuk vc jkr dks cgsxhA
jkrHkj ge mlosQ fdukjs gh lks,A lcsjs mBdj fiQj tSls mlosQ ueu esa mlosQ fdukjs cSBsA
vc og 'kkar cg jgh FkhA viu ?kkV uhps ueZnk fdukjs osQ yksxA Hksu th xaxk fdukjs dhA ge
unh dks unh ugha ek¡ ekurs gSaA ueZnk eS;k gSA mlls ge cus gSaA mlosQ fdukjs cSBuk ek¡ dh xksn
esa Mwcuk gSA
vksadkjs'oj vkSj usekoj tkrs gq, nksuksa ckj ¯oè; osQ ?kkV mrjus iM+sA ,d rjI
+
kQ flejksy dk
?kkV] nwljh rjI
+
kQ fctokM+A nksuksa esa lkxkSu osQ taxyA iÙks [kk¡[kjs gksrs gq,] fiQj Hkh iqQufx;ksa ij
iwQy osQ >YysA flejksy osQ chp ls pksjy [kwc cgrh gqbZ feyhA fctokM+ esa gj ukyk cg jgk
FkkA gj igkM+h unh dh jiV ij ikuh FkkA cpiu esa fir`i{k vkSj uojkf=k ij ,slk gh ikuh feyrk
FkkA lkjs unh] ukys ,sls gh dyey djrs thfor gks mBrs FksA igkM+ksa osQ lhus esa fdrus lzksr gSaA
lc cgsa rks uhps dh dkyh fe^h [kwc mexdj iQy&iwQy vkSj vUu nsrh gSA usekoj osQ jkLrs ij
gh osQoM+s'oj gS tgk¡ ls f'kizk fudyrh gSA dkfynkl dh f'kizkA cgqr cM+h unh ugha gSA ysfdu
mTtSu esa egkdky osQ ik¡o i[kkjs rks ifo=k gks xbZA pacy ¯oè; osQ tkukiko ioZr ls fudyh
vkSj fuekM+] ekyok] cqansy[kaM] Xokfy;j gksrh gqbZ bVkok osQ ikl teuk esa feyhA
pacy dks geus ?kkVk fcyksn esa ns[kkA dkI
+
kQh ikuh FkkA [kwc cg jgh FkhA mlesa ugkrs yM+osQ
dks xoZ Fkk fd ;gk¡ NksVh fn[krh gks rks D;k! gekjh pacy ls xaxk gh cl cM+h gSA vkxs cgqr
cM+k ck¡èk gSA [kwc ikuh gSA bl ckj xk¡èkh lkxj osQ lc iQkVd [kksyus iM+sA bÙkk ikuh HkjkA xaHkhj
bruh cM+h ugha gSA ysfdu gkyksn osQ vkxs ;'koar lkxj dks bl ckj fiQj mlus bruk Hkj fn;k
Reprint 2024-25
viuk ekyokµ[kkmQ&mtkM+
w
 lH;rk esa / 25
fd iPphlksa lkbI
+
kQu pykus iM+sA lM+lB lky esa rhljh ckj ,slk gqvkA ikoZrh vkSj dkyh¯lèk
us fiQj jkLrk jksdkA nks fnu muosQ iqy ij ls ikuh cgrk jgkA bl ckj ekyok osQ iBkj dh lc
ufn;ksa esa iwj vkbZA mlosQ ikl ls cgusokyh ueZnk esa Hkh [kwc ikuh vk;kA cjlksa ckn g”kkjksa lky
dh dgkor lPph gqbZµekyo èkjrh xgu xaHkhj] Mx&Mx jksVh] ix&ix uhjA nf{k.k ls mÙkj dh
vksj <ykuokys bl iBkj dh lHkh ufn;ksa osQ n'kZu gq,A [kwc ikuh] [kwc cgko vkSj [kwc ÑikA
unh dk lnkuhjk jguk thou osQ lzksr dk lnk thfor jguk gSA
ufn;ksa osQ ckn uacj Fkk rkykcksa dkA gekjs vkt osQ bathfu;j le>rs gSa fd os ikuh dk izcaèk
tkurs gSa vkSj igys ”kekus osQ yksx oqQN ugha tkurs Fks D;ksafd Kku rks if'pe osQ fjuslka osQ ckn
gh vk;k u! ekyok esa foØekfnR; vkSj Hkkst vkSj eqat fjuslka osQ cgqr igys gks x,A os vkSj
ekyok osQ lc jktk tkurs Fks fd bl iBkj ij ikuh dks jksd osQ j[kuk gksxkA lcus rkykc
cuok,] cM+h&cM+h ckofM+;k¡ cuokb± rkfd cjlkr dk ikuh #dk jgs vkSj èkjrh osQ xHkZ osQ ikuh
dks thoar j[k losaQA gekjs vkt osQ fu;kstdksa vkSj bathfu;jksa us rkykcksa dks xkn ls Hkj tkus fn;k
vkSj ”kehu osQ ikuh dks ikrky ls Hkh fudky fy;kA unh&ukys lw[k x,A ix&ix uhjokyk ekyok
lw[kk gks x;kA ysfdu bl ckj fcykoyh Hkj x;k gSA ihiY;k ikyk Hkj x;k gSA fljiqj esa yckyc
ikuh gS vkSj ;'koar lkxj osQ lHkh lkbI
+
kQu rks pys gh Fks] fiQj Hkh bankSj dh [kku vkSj ljLorh
ufn;ksa esa mruk ikuh ugha gS ftrus esa dHkh eSa ugk;k gw¡ vkSj uko ij lSj dh gSA
gkFkhikyk dk uke blfy, gS fd dHkh ogk¡ dh unh dks ikj djus osQ fy, gkFkh ij cSBuk
iM+rk FkkA panzHkkxk iqy osQ uhps mruk ikuh jgk djrk Fkk ftruk egkjk"Vª dh panzHkkxk unh esaA
bankSj osQ chp ls fudyus vkSj feyusokyh ;s ufn;k¡ dHkh mls gjk&Hkjk vkSj xqy”kkj j[krh FkhaA
vkt os lM+s ukyksa esa cny nh xbZ gSaA f'kizk] pacy] xaHkhj] ikoZrh] dkyh¯l/] pksjy lcosQ ;gh
gky gks jgs gSaA ;s lnkuhjk ufn;k¡ vc ekyok osQ xkyksa osQ vk¡lw Hkh ugha cgk ldrhaA pkSekls
esa pyrh gSaA ckdh osQ eghuksa esa cfLr;ksa osQ ukyksa dk ikuh <ksrh gSaA ufn;ksa us lH;rkvksa dks tUe
fn;kA gekjh vkt dh lH;rk bu ufn;ksa dks vius xans ikuh osQ ukys cuk jgh gSA bl lky ekyok
esa lkekU; ckfj'k (35 bap) ls ik¡p gh bap ”;knk ikuh fxjk gS vkSj brus esa gh unh] ukys] rkykc]
ckofM+;k¡ vkSj oqQ,¡ pSrU; gks x, gSaA
vius igys v[kckj ^u;h nqfu;k* dh ykbczsjh esa vc Hkh ikuh osQ lu~ 1878 ls jsdkMZ
ekStwn gSaA 128 lky dh ;g tkudkjh gh vk¡[k [kksyus osQ fy, dkI
+
kQh gS fd buesa ,d gh lky
Fkk] 1899 dk] tc ekyok esa flI
+
kZQ 15-75 bap ikuh fxjk FkkA yksd esa ;gh NIiu dk dky gSA
ysfdu jktLFkku osQ BsB ekjokM+ ls rc Hkh yksx ;gha vk, Fks vkSj dgrs gSa fd rc Hkh [kkus
vkSj ihus dks dkI
+
kQh FkkA bu 128 lkyksa esa ,d gh lky vfro`f"V dk FkkA lu~ 1973 esa 77 bap
ikuh fxjk FkkA rc Hkh ;'koar lkxj] fcykoyh] fljiqj vkSj ihiY;k ikyk VwVdj cgs ugha FksA
Reprint 2024-25