NCERT Textbook - गृहं शून्यं सुतां विना | NCERT Textbooks & Solutions for Class 8 PDF Download

 Page 1


"k"B% ikB%
x`ga 'kwU;a lqrka fouk
¹;g ikB dU;kvksa dh gR;k ij jksd vkSj mudh f'k{kk lqfuf'pr djus dh izsj.kk
gsrq fufeZr gSA lekt eas yM+osQ vkSj yM+fd;ksa ds chp Hksn&Hkko dh Hkkouk vkt Hkh
lekt esa ;=k&r=k ns[kh tkrh gSA ftls nwj fd, tkus dh vko';drk gSA laoknkRed
'kSyh esa bl ckr dks ljy laLÑr esa izLrqr
fd;k x;k gSAº
¶'kkfyuh xzh"ekodk'ks fir`x`ge~ vkxPNfrA losZ
izlUueulk rL;k% Lokxra oqQoZfUr ija rL;k%
Hkzkr`tk;k mnklhuk bo n`';rs¸
'kkfyuh&Hkzkr`tk;s! fpfUrrk bo izrh;ls]
loZa oqQ'kya [kyq\
ekyk & vke~ 'kkfyfu! oqQ'kfyuh vge~A RonFk± fde~ vku;kfu] 'khryis;a pk;a ok\
'kkfyuh& v/quk rq fdefi u ok×NkfeA jk=kkS loSZ% lg Hkkstueso dfj";kfeA
(Hkkstudkys¿fi ekyk;k% euksn'kk LoLFkk u izrh;rs Le] ija lk eq[ksu fdefi uksDrorh)
jkosQ'k%& Hkfxfu 'kkfyfu! fn"V~;k Roa lekxrkA v| ee dk;kZy;s ,dk egÙoiw.kkZ
xks"Bh lglSo fuf'prkA v|So ekyk;k% fpfdfRld;k lg esyuL; le;% fu/kZfjr% Roa
eky;k lg fpfdfRldka izfr xPN] rL;k% ijke'kkZuqlkja ;n~fo/s;a rn~ lEikn;A
'kkfyuh& fdeHkor~\ Hkzkr`tk;k;k% LokLF;a lehphua ukfLr\ vga rq á% izHk`fr
i';kfe lk LoLFkk u izfrHkkfr bfr izrh;rs LeA
2024-25
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"k"B% ikB%
x`ga 'kwU;a lqrka fouk
¹;g ikB dU;kvksa dh gR;k ij jksd vkSj mudh f'k{kk lqfuf'pr djus dh izsj.kk
gsrq fufeZr gSA lekt eas yM+osQ vkSj yM+fd;ksa ds chp Hksn&Hkko dh Hkkouk vkt Hkh
lekt esa ;=k&r=k ns[kh tkrh gSA ftls nwj fd, tkus dh vko';drk gSA laoknkRed
'kSyh esa bl ckr dks ljy laLÑr esa izLrqr
fd;k x;k gSAº
¶'kkfyuh xzh"ekodk'ks fir`x`ge~ vkxPNfrA losZ
izlUueulk rL;k% Lokxra oqQoZfUr ija rL;k%
Hkzkr`tk;k mnklhuk bo n`';rs¸
'kkfyuh&Hkzkr`tk;s! fpfUrrk bo izrh;ls]
loZa oqQ'kya [kyq\
ekyk & vke~ 'kkfyfu! oqQ'kfyuh vge~A RonFk± fde~ vku;kfu] 'khryis;a pk;a ok\
'kkfyuh& v/quk rq fdefi u ok×NkfeA jk=kkS loSZ% lg Hkkstueso dfj";kfeA
(Hkkstudkys¿fi ekyk;k% euksn'kk LoLFkk u izrh;rs Le] ija lk eq[ksu fdefi uksDrorh)
jkosQ'k%& Hkfxfu 'kkfyfu! fn"V~;k Roa lekxrkA v| ee dk;kZy;s ,dk egÙoiw.kkZ
xks"Bh lglSo fuf'prkA v|So ekyk;k% fpfdfRld;k lg esyuL; le;% fu/kZfjr% Roa
eky;k lg fpfdfRldka izfr xPN] rL;k% ijke'kkZuqlkja ;n~fo/s;a rn~ lEikn;A
'kkfyuh& fdeHkor~\ Hkzkr`tk;k;k% LokLF;a lehphua ukfLr\ vga rq á% izHk`fr
i';kfe lk LoLFkk u izfrHkkfr bfr izrh;rs LeA
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x`ga 'kwU;a
lqrka fouk
jkosQ'k%& fpUrk;k% fo"k;% ukfLrA Roa eky;k lg xPNA ekxsZ lk loZa Kkif;";frA
(ekyk 'kkfyuh p fpfdfRldka izfr xPNUR;kS okrkZa oqQjQr%)
'kkfyuh& fdeHkor~\ Hkzkr`tk;s! dk leL;k¿fLr\
ekyk&'kkfyfu! vga ekl=k;L; xHkZa LooqQ{kkS /kj;kfeA ro Hkzkrq% vkxzg% vfLr
;r~ vga fyîõijh{k.ka dkj;s;a oqQ{kkS dU;k¿fLr psr~ xHkZa ikr;s;e~A vge~  vrho mf}Xuk¿fLe
ija ro Hkzkrk okrkZeso u  Ük`.kksfrA
'kkfyuh& Hkzkrk ,oa fpUrf;rqefi dFka izHkofr\ f'k'kq% dU;k¿fLr psr~
o/kgkZ\ t?kU;a ÑR;fene~A Roe~ fojks/a u Ñrorh\ l% ro 'kjhjs fLFkrL; f'k'kks%
oèkkFkZa fpUr;fr Roe~ rw".khe~ fr"Bfl\ vèkquSo x`ga py] ukfLr vko';drk fyÄõijh{k.kL;A
Hkzkrk ;nk x`ge~ vkxfe";fr vge~ okrkZa dfj";sA
(lUè;kdkys Hkzkrk vkxPNfr
gLriknkfnoaQ iz{kkY; oL=kkf.k p ifjoR;Z
iwtkx`ga xRok nhia izToky;fr HkokuhLrqfra
pkfi djksfrA rnuUrja pk;ikukFkZe~ losZ¿fi
,df=krk%A)
jkosQ'k%& ekys! Roa fpfdfRldka izfr
xrorh vklh%] fde~ vdFk;r~ lk\
(ekyk ekSuesokJ;frA rnSo ØhMUrh f=ko"khZ;k iq=kh vfEcdk firq% ØksMs mifo'kfr
rLekr~ pkdysga p ;kprsA jkosQ'k% vfEcdka yky;fr] pkdysga iznk; rka ØksMkr~ vorkj;frA
iqu% ekyka izfr iz'uokfpdka n`f"Va f{kifrA 'kkfyuh ,rr~ loZa n`"V~ok mRrja nnkfr)
'kkfyuh& Hkzkr%! Roa foaQ KkrqfePNfl\ rL;k% oqQf{k iq=k% vfLr iq=kh ok\ fdeFkZe~\
"k.eklkuUrja loZa Li"Va Hkfo";fr] le;kr~ iwoZa fdeFkZe~ v;e~ vk;kl%\
jkosQ'k%& Hkfxfu] Roa rq tkukfl ,o vLekoaQ x`gs vfEcdk iq=kh:Iks.k vLR;so
v/quk ,dL; iq=kL; vko';drk¿fLr rfgZ-------
2024-25
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"k"B% ikB%
x`ga 'kwU;a lqrka fouk
¹;g ikB dU;kvksa dh gR;k ij jksd vkSj mudh f'k{kk lqfuf'pr djus dh izsj.kk
gsrq fufeZr gSA lekt eas yM+osQ vkSj yM+fd;ksa ds chp Hksn&Hkko dh Hkkouk vkt Hkh
lekt esa ;=k&r=k ns[kh tkrh gSA ftls nwj fd, tkus dh vko';drk gSA laoknkRed
'kSyh esa bl ckr dks ljy laLÑr esa izLrqr
fd;k x;k gSAº
¶'kkfyuh xzh"ekodk'ks fir`x`ge~ vkxPNfrA losZ
izlUueulk rL;k% Lokxra oqQoZfUr ija rL;k%
Hkzkr`tk;k mnklhuk bo n`';rs¸
'kkfyuh&Hkzkr`tk;s! fpfUrrk bo izrh;ls]
loZa oqQ'kya [kyq\
ekyk & vke~ 'kkfyfu! oqQ'kfyuh vge~A RonFk± fde~ vku;kfu] 'khryis;a pk;a ok\
'kkfyuh& v/quk rq fdefi u ok×NkfeA jk=kkS loSZ% lg Hkkstueso dfj";kfeA
(Hkkstudkys¿fi ekyk;k% euksn'kk LoLFkk u izrh;rs Le] ija lk eq[ksu fdefi uksDrorh)
jkosQ'k%& Hkfxfu 'kkfyfu! fn"V~;k Roa lekxrkA v| ee dk;kZy;s ,dk egÙoiw.kkZ
xks"Bh lglSo fuf'prkA v|So ekyk;k% fpfdfRld;k lg esyuL; le;% fu/kZfjr% Roa
eky;k lg fpfdfRldka izfr xPN] rL;k% ijke'kkZuqlkja ;n~fo/s;a rn~ lEikn;A
'kkfyuh& fdeHkor~\ Hkzkr`tk;k;k% LokLF;a lehphua ukfLr\ vga rq á% izHk`fr
i';kfe lk LoLFkk u izfrHkkfr bfr izrh;rs LeA
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x`ga 'kwU;a
lqrka fouk
jkosQ'k%& fpUrk;k% fo"k;% ukfLrA Roa eky;k lg xPNA ekxsZ lk loZa Kkif;";frA
(ekyk 'kkfyuh p fpfdfRldka izfr xPNUR;kS okrkZa oqQjQr%)
'kkfyuh& fdeHkor~\ Hkzkr`tk;s! dk leL;k¿fLr\
ekyk&'kkfyfu! vga ekl=k;L; xHkZa LooqQ{kkS /kj;kfeA ro Hkzkrq% vkxzg% vfLr
;r~ vga fyîõijh{k.ka dkj;s;a oqQ{kkS dU;k¿fLr psr~ xHkZa ikr;s;e~A vge~  vrho mf}Xuk¿fLe
ija ro Hkzkrk okrkZeso u  Ük`.kksfrA
'kkfyuh& Hkzkrk ,oa fpUrf;rqefi dFka izHkofr\ f'k'kq% dU;k¿fLr psr~
o/kgkZ\ t?kU;a ÑR;fene~A Roe~ fojks/a u Ñrorh\ l% ro 'kjhjs fLFkrL; f'k'kks%
oèkkFkZa fpUr;fr Roe~ rw".khe~ fr"Bfl\ vèkquSo x`ga py] ukfLr vko';drk fyÄõijh{k.kL;A
Hkzkrk ;nk x`ge~ vkxfe";fr vge~ okrkZa dfj";sA
(lUè;kdkys Hkzkrk vkxPNfr
gLriknkfnoaQ iz{kkY; oL=kkf.k p ifjoR;Z
iwtkx`ga xRok nhia izToky;fr HkokuhLrqfra
pkfi djksfrA rnuUrja pk;ikukFkZe~ losZ¿fi
,df=krk%A)
jkosQ'k%& ekys! Roa fpfdfRldka izfr
xrorh vklh%] fde~ vdFk;r~ lk\
(ekyk ekSuesokJ;frA rnSo ØhMUrh f=ko"khZ;k iq=kh vfEcdk firq% ØksMs mifo'kfr
rLekr~ pkdysga p ;kprsA jkosQ'k% vfEcdka yky;fr] pkdysga iznk; rka ØksMkr~ vorkj;frA
iqu% ekyka izfr iz'uokfpdka n`f"Va f{kifrA 'kkfyuh ,rr~ loZa n`"V~ok mRrja nnkfr)
'kkfyuh& Hkzkr%! Roa foaQ KkrqfePNfl\ rL;k% oqQf{k iq=k% vfLr iq=kh ok\ fdeFkZe~\
"k.eklkuUrja loZa Li"Va Hkfo";fr] le;kr~ iwoZa fdeFkZe~ v;e~ vk;kl%\
jkosQ'k%& Hkfxfu] Roa rq tkukfl ,o vLekoaQ x`gs vfEcdk iq=kh:Iks.k vLR;so
v/quk ,dL; iq=kL; vko';drk¿fLr rfgZ-------
2024-25
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#fpjk
r`rh;ks Hkkx%
'kkfyuh& rfgZ oqQf{k iq=kh vfLr psr~ gUrO;k\ (rhozLojs.k) gR;k;k% ikia drqZa
izo`Rrks¿fl Roe~A
jkosQ'k%& u] gR;k rq u---------
'kkfyuh– rfgZ fdefLr fu?k`Z.ka ÑR;fene~\ loZFkk foLe`roku~ vLekoaQ tud% dnkfi
iq=khiq=k;ks% foHksna u Ñroku~\ l% loZnSo euqLe`rs% iafDrfeeke~ m¼jfr Le ¶vkRek oS
tk;rs iq=k% iq=ks.k nqfgrk lek¸A Roefi lk;a izkr% nsohLrqfra djksf"k\ fdeFk± l`"Vs%
mRikfnU;k% 'kDR;k% frjLdkja djksf"k\ ro eufl b;rh oqQfRlrk o`fRr% vkxrk] bna
fpUrf;RoSo vga oqQf.Brk¿fLeA ro f'k{kk o`Fkk------
jkosQ'k%& Hkfxfu! foje fojeA vga Lokijk/a
Lohdjksfe yfTtr'pkfLeA v|izHk`fr dnkfi xfgZrfena
dk;± LoIus¿fi u fpUrf;";kfeA ;FkSo vfEcdk ee
ân;L; lEiw.kZLusgL; vf/dkfj.kh vfLr] rFkSo vkxUrk
f'k'kq% vfi Lusgkf/dkjh Hkfo";fr iq=k% Hkorq iq=kh okA
vga LoxfgZrfpUrua izfr i'pkÙkkieXu% vfLe] vga
dFka foLe`roku~
¶;=k uk;ZLrq iwT;Urs jeUrs r=k nsork%A
;=kSrk% u iwT;Urs lokZLr=kkiQyk% fØ;k%A¸
vFkok ¶firqnZ'kxq.kk ekrsfrA¸ Ro;k lUekxZ% iznf'kZr% HkfxfuA dfu"Bk¿fi Roa ee
xqjQjflA
'kkfyuh& vya i'pkÙkkisuA ro eul% vU/dkj% vixr% izlUurk;k% fo"k;ks¿;e~A
Hkzkr`tk;s! vkxPNA lokZa fpUrka R;t vkxUrq% f'k'kks% Lokxrk; p lUu¼k HkoA Hkzkr%
Roefi izfrKka oqQjQ & dU;k;k% j{k.ks] rL;k% ikBus nÙkfpRr% LFkkL;fl ¶iq=kha j{k] iq=kha
2024-25
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"k"B% ikB%
x`ga 'kwU;a lqrka fouk
¹;g ikB dU;kvksa dh gR;k ij jksd vkSj mudh f'k{kk lqfuf'pr djus dh izsj.kk
gsrq fufeZr gSA lekt eas yM+osQ vkSj yM+fd;ksa ds chp Hksn&Hkko dh Hkkouk vkt Hkh
lekt esa ;=k&r=k ns[kh tkrh gSA ftls nwj fd, tkus dh vko';drk gSA laoknkRed
'kSyh esa bl ckr dks ljy laLÑr esa izLrqr
fd;k x;k gSAº
¶'kkfyuh xzh"ekodk'ks fir`x`ge~ vkxPNfrA losZ
izlUueulk rL;k% Lokxra oqQoZfUr ija rL;k%
Hkzkr`tk;k mnklhuk bo n`';rs¸
'kkfyuh&Hkzkr`tk;s! fpfUrrk bo izrh;ls]
loZa oqQ'kya [kyq\
ekyk & vke~ 'kkfyfu! oqQ'kfyuh vge~A RonFk± fde~ vku;kfu] 'khryis;a pk;a ok\
'kkfyuh& v/quk rq fdefi u ok×NkfeA jk=kkS loSZ% lg Hkkstueso dfj";kfeA
(Hkkstudkys¿fi ekyk;k% euksn'kk LoLFkk u izrh;rs Le] ija lk eq[ksu fdefi uksDrorh)
jkosQ'k%& Hkfxfu 'kkfyfu! fn"V~;k Roa lekxrkA v| ee dk;kZy;s ,dk egÙoiw.kkZ
xks"Bh lglSo fuf'prkA v|So ekyk;k% fpfdfRld;k lg esyuL; le;% fu/kZfjr% Roa
eky;k lg fpfdfRldka izfr xPN] rL;k% ijke'kkZuqlkja ;n~fo/s;a rn~ lEikn;A
'kkfyuh& fdeHkor~\ Hkzkr`tk;k;k% LokLF;a lehphua ukfLr\ vga rq á% izHk`fr
i';kfe lk LoLFkk u izfrHkkfr bfr izrh;rs LeA
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x`ga 'kwU;a
lqrka fouk
jkosQ'k%& fpUrk;k% fo"k;% ukfLrA Roa eky;k lg xPNA ekxsZ lk loZa Kkif;";frA
(ekyk 'kkfyuh p fpfdfRldka izfr xPNUR;kS okrkZa oqQjQr%)
'kkfyuh& fdeHkor~\ Hkzkr`tk;s! dk leL;k¿fLr\
ekyk&'kkfyfu! vga ekl=k;L; xHkZa LooqQ{kkS /kj;kfeA ro Hkzkrq% vkxzg% vfLr
;r~ vga fyîõijh{k.ka dkj;s;a oqQ{kkS dU;k¿fLr psr~ xHkZa ikr;s;e~A vge~  vrho mf}Xuk¿fLe
ija ro Hkzkrk okrkZeso u  Ük`.kksfrA
'kkfyuh& Hkzkrk ,oa fpUrf;rqefi dFka izHkofr\ f'k'kq% dU;k¿fLr psr~
o/kgkZ\ t?kU;a ÑR;fene~A Roe~ fojks/a u Ñrorh\ l% ro 'kjhjs fLFkrL; f'k'kks%
oèkkFkZa fpUr;fr Roe~ rw".khe~ fr"Bfl\ vèkquSo x`ga py] ukfLr vko';drk fyÄõijh{k.kL;A
Hkzkrk ;nk x`ge~ vkxfe";fr vge~ okrkZa dfj";sA
(lUè;kdkys Hkzkrk vkxPNfr
gLriknkfnoaQ iz{kkY; oL=kkf.k p ifjoR;Z
iwtkx`ga xRok nhia izToky;fr HkokuhLrqfra
pkfi djksfrA rnuUrja pk;ikukFkZe~ losZ¿fi
,df=krk%A)
jkosQ'k%& ekys! Roa fpfdfRldka izfr
xrorh vklh%] fde~ vdFk;r~ lk\
(ekyk ekSuesokJ;frA rnSo ØhMUrh f=ko"khZ;k iq=kh vfEcdk firq% ØksMs mifo'kfr
rLekr~ pkdysga p ;kprsA jkosQ'k% vfEcdka yky;fr] pkdysga iznk; rka ØksMkr~ vorkj;frA
iqu% ekyka izfr iz'uokfpdka n`f"Va f{kifrA 'kkfyuh ,rr~ loZa n`"V~ok mRrja nnkfr)
'kkfyuh& Hkzkr%! Roa foaQ KkrqfePNfl\ rL;k% oqQf{k iq=k% vfLr iq=kh ok\ fdeFkZe~\
"k.eklkuUrja loZa Li"Va Hkfo";fr] le;kr~ iwoZa fdeFkZe~ v;e~ vk;kl%\
jkosQ'k%& Hkfxfu] Roa rq tkukfl ,o vLekoaQ x`gs vfEcdk iq=kh:Iks.k vLR;so
v/quk ,dL; iq=kL; vko';drk¿fLr rfgZ-------
2024-25
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#fpjk
r`rh;ks Hkkx%
'kkfyuh& rfgZ oqQf{k iq=kh vfLr psr~ gUrO;k\ (rhozLojs.k) gR;k;k% ikia drqZa
izo`Rrks¿fl Roe~A
jkosQ'k%& u] gR;k rq u---------
'kkfyuh– rfgZ fdefLr fu?k`Z.ka ÑR;fene~\ loZFkk foLe`roku~ vLekoaQ tud% dnkfi
iq=khiq=k;ks% foHksna u Ñroku~\ l% loZnSo euqLe`rs% iafDrfeeke~ m¼jfr Le ¶vkRek oS
tk;rs iq=k% iq=ks.k nqfgrk lek¸A Roefi lk;a izkr% nsohLrqfra djksf"k\ fdeFk± l`"Vs%
mRikfnU;k% 'kDR;k% frjLdkja djksf"k\ ro eufl b;rh oqQfRlrk o`fRr% vkxrk] bna
fpUrf;RoSo vga oqQf.Brk¿fLeA ro f'k{kk o`Fkk------
jkosQ'k%& Hkfxfu! foje fojeA vga Lokijk/a
Lohdjksfe yfTtr'pkfLeA v|izHk`fr dnkfi xfgZrfena
dk;± LoIus¿fi u fpUrf;";kfeA ;FkSo vfEcdk ee
ân;L; lEiw.kZLusgL; vf/dkfj.kh vfLr] rFkSo vkxUrk
f'k'kq% vfi Lusgkf/dkjh Hkfo";fr iq=k% Hkorq iq=kh okA
vga LoxfgZrfpUrua izfr i'pkÙkkieXu% vfLe] vga
dFka foLe`roku~
¶;=k uk;ZLrq iwT;Urs jeUrs r=k nsork%A
;=kSrk% u iwT;Urs lokZLr=kkiQyk% fØ;k%A¸
vFkok ¶firqnZ'kxq.kk ekrsfrA¸ Ro;k lUekxZ% iznf'kZr% HkfxfuA dfu"Bk¿fi Roa ee
xqjQjflA
'kkfyuh& vya i'pkÙkkisuA ro eul% vU/dkj% vixr% izlUurk;k% fo"k;ks¿;e~A
Hkzkr`tk;s! vkxPNA lokZa fpUrka R;t vkxUrq% f'k'kks% Lokxrk; p lUu¼k HkoA Hkzkr%
Roefi izfrKka oqQjQ & dU;k;k% j{k.ks] rL;k% ikBus nÙkfpRr% LFkkL;fl ¶iq=kha j{k] iq=kha
2024-25
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x`ga 'kwU;a
lqrka fouk
'kCnkFkkZ%
'kCnkFkkZ%
ikB;¸ bfrloZdkjL; ?kks"k.ks;a rnSo lkfFkZdk Hkfo";fr ;nk o;a losZ fefyRok fpUrufena
;FkkFkZ:ia dfj";ke%&
;k xkxhZ JqrfpUrus u`iu;s ik×pkfydk foØes]
y{eh% 'k=kqfonkj.ks xxua foKkukÄõ.ks dYiukA
bUnzks|ksxiFks p [ksytxfr [;krkfHkr% lkbuk]
ls;a L=kh ldyklq fn{kq lcyk loSZ% lnksRlkárke~AA
Hkzkr`tk;k & HkkHkh
ok×Nkfe & pkgrk gw¡@pkgrh gw¡
lg & lkFk
fn"V~;k & HkkX; ls
g~;% & dy
lk¼Ze~ & lkFk
mHks & nksuksa
oqQ{kkS & dks[k esa
mf}Xuk & fpfUrr
o/kgkZ & o/ ds ;ksX;
ØksMs & xksnh esa
vk;kl% & iz;kl
fu?k`Z.ke~ & ?k`.kk ;ksX;
nqfgrk & iq=kh
fu/k; & j[k dj
2024-25
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"k"B% ikB%
x`ga 'kwU;a lqrka fouk
¹;g ikB dU;kvksa dh gR;k ij jksd vkSj mudh f'k{kk lqfuf'pr djus dh izsj.kk
gsrq fufeZr gSA lekt eas yM+osQ vkSj yM+fd;ksa ds chp Hksn&Hkko dh Hkkouk vkt Hkh
lekt esa ;=k&r=k ns[kh tkrh gSA ftls nwj fd, tkus dh vko';drk gSA laoknkRed
'kSyh esa bl ckr dks ljy laLÑr esa izLrqr
fd;k x;k gSAº
¶'kkfyuh xzh"ekodk'ks fir`x`ge~ vkxPNfrA losZ
izlUueulk rL;k% Lokxra oqQoZfUr ija rL;k%
Hkzkr`tk;k mnklhuk bo n`';rs¸
'kkfyuh&Hkzkr`tk;s! fpfUrrk bo izrh;ls]
loZa oqQ'kya [kyq\
ekyk & vke~ 'kkfyfu! oqQ'kfyuh vge~A RonFk± fde~ vku;kfu] 'khryis;a pk;a ok\
'kkfyuh& v/quk rq fdefi u ok×NkfeA jk=kkS loSZ% lg Hkkstueso dfj";kfeA
(Hkkstudkys¿fi ekyk;k% euksn'kk LoLFkk u izrh;rs Le] ija lk eq[ksu fdefi uksDrorh)
jkosQ'k%& Hkfxfu 'kkfyfu! fn"V~;k Roa lekxrkA v| ee dk;kZy;s ,dk egÙoiw.kkZ
xks"Bh lglSo fuf'prkA v|So ekyk;k% fpfdfRld;k lg esyuL; le;% fu/kZfjr% Roa
eky;k lg fpfdfRldka izfr xPN] rL;k% ijke'kkZuqlkja ;n~fo/s;a rn~ lEikn;A
'kkfyuh& fdeHkor~\ Hkzkr`tk;k;k% LokLF;a lehphua ukfLr\ vga rq á% izHk`fr
i';kfe lk LoLFkk u izfrHkkfr bfr izrh;rs LeA
2024-25
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35
x`ga 'kwU;a
lqrka fouk
jkosQ'k%& fpUrk;k% fo"k;% ukfLrA Roa eky;k lg xPNA ekxsZ lk loZa Kkif;";frA
(ekyk 'kkfyuh p fpfdfRldka izfr xPNUR;kS okrkZa oqQjQr%)
'kkfyuh& fdeHkor~\ Hkzkr`tk;s! dk leL;k¿fLr\
ekyk&'kkfyfu! vga ekl=k;L; xHkZa LooqQ{kkS /kj;kfeA ro Hkzkrq% vkxzg% vfLr
;r~ vga fyîõijh{k.ka dkj;s;a oqQ{kkS dU;k¿fLr psr~ xHkZa ikr;s;e~A vge~  vrho mf}Xuk¿fLe
ija ro Hkzkrk okrkZeso u  Ük`.kksfrA
'kkfyuh& Hkzkrk ,oa fpUrf;rqefi dFka izHkofr\ f'k'kq% dU;k¿fLr psr~
o/kgkZ\ t?kU;a ÑR;fene~A Roe~ fojks/a u Ñrorh\ l% ro 'kjhjs fLFkrL; f'k'kks%
oèkkFkZa fpUr;fr Roe~ rw".khe~ fr"Bfl\ vèkquSo x`ga py] ukfLr vko';drk fyÄõijh{k.kL;A
Hkzkrk ;nk x`ge~ vkxfe";fr vge~ okrkZa dfj";sA
(lUè;kdkys Hkzkrk vkxPNfr
gLriknkfnoaQ iz{kkY; oL=kkf.k p ifjoR;Z
iwtkx`ga xRok nhia izToky;fr HkokuhLrqfra
pkfi djksfrA rnuUrja pk;ikukFkZe~ losZ¿fi
,df=krk%A)
jkosQ'k%& ekys! Roa fpfdfRldka izfr
xrorh vklh%] fde~ vdFk;r~ lk\
(ekyk ekSuesokJ;frA rnSo ØhMUrh f=ko"khZ;k iq=kh vfEcdk firq% ØksMs mifo'kfr
rLekr~ pkdysga p ;kprsA jkosQ'k% vfEcdka yky;fr] pkdysga iznk; rka ØksMkr~ vorkj;frA
iqu% ekyka izfr iz'uokfpdka n`f"Va f{kifrA 'kkfyuh ,rr~ loZa n`"V~ok mRrja nnkfr)
'kkfyuh& Hkzkr%! Roa foaQ KkrqfePNfl\ rL;k% oqQf{k iq=k% vfLr iq=kh ok\ fdeFkZe~\
"k.eklkuUrja loZa Li"Va Hkfo";fr] le;kr~ iwoZa fdeFkZe~ v;e~ vk;kl%\
jkosQ'k%& Hkfxfu] Roa rq tkukfl ,o vLekoaQ x`gs vfEcdk iq=kh:Iks.k vLR;so
v/quk ,dL; iq=kL; vko';drk¿fLr rfgZ-------
2024-25
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#fpjk
r`rh;ks Hkkx%
'kkfyuh& rfgZ oqQf{k iq=kh vfLr psr~ gUrO;k\ (rhozLojs.k) gR;k;k% ikia drqZa
izo`Rrks¿fl Roe~A
jkosQ'k%& u] gR;k rq u---------
'kkfyuh– rfgZ fdefLr fu?k`Z.ka ÑR;fene~\ loZFkk foLe`roku~ vLekoaQ tud% dnkfi
iq=khiq=k;ks% foHksna u Ñroku~\ l% loZnSo euqLe`rs% iafDrfeeke~ m¼jfr Le ¶vkRek oS
tk;rs iq=k% iq=ks.k nqfgrk lek¸A Roefi lk;a izkr% nsohLrqfra djksf"k\ fdeFk± l`"Vs%
mRikfnU;k% 'kDR;k% frjLdkja djksf"k\ ro eufl b;rh oqQfRlrk o`fRr% vkxrk] bna
fpUrf;RoSo vga oqQf.Brk¿fLeA ro f'k{kk o`Fkk------
jkosQ'k%& Hkfxfu! foje fojeA vga Lokijk/a
Lohdjksfe yfTtr'pkfLeA v|izHk`fr dnkfi xfgZrfena
dk;± LoIus¿fi u fpUrf;";kfeA ;FkSo vfEcdk ee
ân;L; lEiw.kZLusgL; vf/dkfj.kh vfLr] rFkSo vkxUrk
f'k'kq% vfi Lusgkf/dkjh Hkfo";fr iq=k% Hkorq iq=kh okA
vga LoxfgZrfpUrua izfr i'pkÙkkieXu% vfLe] vga
dFka foLe`roku~
¶;=k uk;ZLrq iwT;Urs jeUrs r=k nsork%A
;=kSrk% u iwT;Urs lokZLr=kkiQyk% fØ;k%A¸
vFkok ¶firqnZ'kxq.kk ekrsfrA¸ Ro;k lUekxZ% iznf'kZr% HkfxfuA dfu"Bk¿fi Roa ee
xqjQjflA
'kkfyuh& vya i'pkÙkkisuA ro eul% vU/dkj% vixr% izlUurk;k% fo"k;ks¿;e~A
Hkzkr`tk;s! vkxPNA lokZa fpUrka R;t vkxUrq% f'k'kks% Lokxrk; p lUu¼k HkoA Hkzkr%
Roefi izfrKka oqQjQ & dU;k;k% j{k.ks] rL;k% ikBus nÙkfpRr% LFkkL;fl ¶iq=kha j{k] iq=kha
2024-25
36
37
x`ga 'kwU;a
lqrka fouk
'kCnkFkkZ%
'kCnkFkkZ%
ikB;¸ bfrloZdkjL; ?kks"k.ks;a rnSo lkfFkZdk Hkfo";fr ;nk o;a losZ fefyRok fpUrufena
;FkkFkZ:ia dfj";ke%&
;k xkxhZ JqrfpUrus u`iu;s ik×pkfydk foØes]
y{eh% 'k=kqfonkj.ks xxua foKkukÄõ.ks dYiukA
bUnzks|ksxiFks p [ksytxfr [;krkfHkr% lkbuk]
ls;a L=kh ldyklq fn{kq lcyk loSZ% lnksRlkárke~AA
Hkzkr`tk;k & HkkHkh
ok×Nkfe & pkgrk gw¡@pkgrh gw¡
lg & lkFk
fn"V~;k & HkkX; ls
g~;% & dy
lk¼Ze~ & lkFk
mHks & nksuksa
oqQ{kkS & dks[k esa
mf}Xuk & fpfUrr
o/kgkZ & o/ ds ;ksX;
ØksMs & xksnh esa
vk;kl% & iz;kl
fu?k`Z.ke~ & ?k`.kk ;ksX;
nqfgrk & iq=kh
fu/k; & j[k dj
2024-25
38
#fpjk
r`rh;ks Hkkx%
xfgZre~ & fufUnr
dfu"Bk & NksVh
vixr% & nwj gks x;k
lUu¼% & rS;kj
JqrfpUrus & rÙoksa (Kku) osQ fpUru&euu esa 'k=kqfonkj.ks & 'k=kqvksa dks ijkftr djus esa
ldyklq & lHkh
fn{kq & fn'kkvksa esa
lcyk & cy ls ;qDr
mRlkárke~ & izksRlkfgr djsa
1- v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukuke~ mRrkjkf.k laLÑrHkk"k;k fy[kr&
(d) fn"V~;k dk lekxrk\
([k) jkosQ'kL; dk;kZy;s dk fuf'prk\
(x) jkosQ'k% 'kkfyuha oqQ=k xUrqa dFk;fr\
(?k) lk;adkys Hkzkrk dk;kZy;kr~ vkxR; foaQ djksfr\
(Ä) jkosQ'k% dL;k% frjLdkja djksfr\
(Pk) 'kkfyuh Hkzkrje~ dka izfrKka drqZa dFk;fr\
(N) ;=k uk;Z% u iwT;Urs r=k foaQ Hkofr\
vH;kl%
2024-25