NCERT Textbook: Halves and Quarters | Mathematics for Class 4: NCERT PDF Download

 Page 1


Each of us got a
quarter of the
chapati. You are a
good 'divider'. Ha!
Halves and Quarters
MintucatandMottucatwerefriends.Oncetheystolea chapati
fromMalini’skitchen.Iwilltakeit—saidMintu.No,Iwilltakeit
— said Mottu. While they were quarrelling, there came Tittu
Monkey.Hi!Whatistheproblem?whyareyouquarrelling?—he
asked. “We don’t know how to divide this chapati between us —
thecatssaid.OK!don’tworry.Iwilldividethechapatiequallyfor
bothofyou—hesaid.CleverTittudividedthechapatilikethis:
These are not equal, the left part is bigger — Mintu and Mottu
said. Oh, no problem, I will make it equal — Tittu said. He then
cutapartoftheleftpieceandateit.
Oh! Now the right part is bigger — the cats cried. I am sorry —
said Tittu. He cut a part from the bigger piece and ate it. When
there was only a small piece remaining, he said — This is my
share for the work. Tittu then quickly ate the last piece and
climbedthetree.
94
Now is it equal?
HalfofHalf
Half-Half
HalfofManyPieces
95
9
2024-25
Page 2


Each of us got a
quarter of the
chapati. You are a
good 'divider'. Ha!
Halves and Quarters
MintucatandMottucatwerefriends.Oncetheystolea chapati
fromMalini’skitchen.Iwilltakeit—saidMintu.No,Iwilltakeit
— said Mottu. While they were quarrelling, there came Tittu
Monkey.Hi!Whatistheproblem?whyareyouquarrelling?—he
asked. “We don’t know how to divide this chapati between us —
thecatssaid.OK!don’tworry.Iwilldividethechapatiequallyfor
bothofyou—hesaid.CleverTittudividedthechapatilikethis:
These are not equal, the left part is bigger — Mintu and Mottu
said. Oh, no problem, I will make it equal — Tittu said. He then
cutapartoftheleftpieceandateit.
Oh! Now the right part is bigger — the cats cried. I am sorry —
said Tittu. He cut a part from the bigger piece and ate it. When
there was only a small piece remaining, he said — This is my
share for the work. Tittu then quickly ate the last piece and
climbedthetree.
94
Now is it equal?
HalfofHalf
Half-Half
HalfofManyPieces
95
9
2024-25
Each of us got a
quarter of the
chapati. You are a
good 'divider'. Ha!
Halves and Quarters
94
Now is it equal?
Half of Half
If two more cats come for food how will you divide one chapati
equally for four cats?
D ,
Half-Half
If the cats ask you to divide the chapati equally,
how will you divide it?
If you do not cheat like Tittu, the cats will have these parts.
D
Half of Many Pieces
Rani got a chocolate. She divided it
equally and gave half to her friend Reena.
ircle the portion that Reena got. D C
95
9
2024-25
Page 3


Each of us got a
quarter of the
chapati. You are a
good 'divider'. Ha!
Halves and Quarters
MintucatandMottucatwerefriends.Oncetheystolea chapati
fromMalini’skitchen.Iwilltakeit—saidMintu.No,Iwilltakeit
— said Mottu. While they were quarrelling, there came Tittu
Monkey.Hi!Whatistheproblem?whyareyouquarrelling?—he
asked. “We don’t know how to divide this chapati between us —
thecatssaid.OK!don’tworry.Iwilldividethechapatiequallyfor
bothofyou—hesaid.CleverTittudividedthechapatilikethis:
These are not equal, the left part is bigger — Mintu and Mottu
said. Oh, no problem, I will make it equal — Tittu said. He then
cutapartoftheleftpieceandateit.
Oh! Now the right part is bigger — the cats cried. I am sorry —
said Tittu. He cut a part from the bigger piece and ate it. When
there was only a small piece remaining, he said — This is my
share for the work. Tittu then quickly ate the last piece and
climbedthetree.
94
Now is it equal?
HalfofHalf
Half-Half
HalfofManyPieces
95
9
2024-25
Each of us got a
quarter of the
chapati. You are a
good 'divider'. Ha!
Halves and Quarters
94
Now is it equal?
Half of Half
If two more cats come for food how will you divide one chapati
equally for four cats?
D ,
Half-Half
If the cats ask you to divide the chapati equally,
how will you divide it?
If you do not cheat like Tittu, the cats will have these parts.
D
Half of Many Pieces
Rani got a chocolate. She divided it
equally and gave half to her friend Reena.
ircle the portion that Reena got. D C
95
9
2024-25
How many pieces of  chocolate are there? _________
How many pieces were left with Rani? _________
Many Shapes from a Half Sheet
Take a piece of paper. Cut the sheet into two equal triangles so
that each triangle is equal to half of the sheet.
Shade the two triangles with different colours.
Draw different shapes using these triangles. One such shape
is shown here.
D
Many Ways to Cut into Half
Ha! Half a chocolate is as
tasty as a whole chocolate!
We write it as It means 1 part out of 2. You
can check if these parts are equal Try keeping
one on top of the other.
½.
.
I have made a rectangle into
two equal parts like this. Each
part is . half
96
Many Ways to Make Quarters
I make our arts like this.
Each part is a .
And I can write it as .
It means 1 part out of 4
f p
quarter
¼
.
97
2024-25
Page 4


Each of us got a
quarter of the
chapati. You are a
good 'divider'. Ha!
Halves and Quarters
MintucatandMottucatwerefriends.Oncetheystolea chapati
fromMalini’skitchen.Iwilltakeit—saidMintu.No,Iwilltakeit
— said Mottu. While they were quarrelling, there came Tittu
Monkey.Hi!Whatistheproblem?whyareyouquarrelling?—he
asked. “We don’t know how to divide this chapati between us —
thecatssaid.OK!don’tworry.Iwilldividethechapatiequallyfor
bothofyou—hesaid.CleverTittudividedthechapatilikethis:
These are not equal, the left part is bigger — Mintu and Mottu
said. Oh, no problem, I will make it equal — Tittu said. He then
cutapartoftheleftpieceandateit.
Oh! Now the right part is bigger — the cats cried. I am sorry —
said Tittu. He cut a part from the bigger piece and ate it. When
there was only a small piece remaining, he said — This is my
share for the work. Tittu then quickly ate the last piece and
climbedthetree.
94
Now is it equal?
HalfofHalf
Half-Half
HalfofManyPieces
95
9
2024-25
Each of us got a
quarter of the
chapati. You are a
good 'divider'. Ha!
Halves and Quarters
94
Now is it equal?
Half of Half
If two more cats come for food how will you divide one chapati
equally for four cats?
D ,
Half-Half
If the cats ask you to divide the chapati equally,
how will you divide it?
If you do not cheat like Tittu, the cats will have these parts.
D
Half of Many Pieces
Rani got a chocolate. She divided it
equally and gave half to her friend Reena.
ircle the portion that Reena got. D C
95
9
2024-25
How many pieces of  chocolate are there? _________
How many pieces were left with Rani? _________
Many Shapes from a Half Sheet
Take a piece of paper. Cut the sheet into two equal triangles so
that each triangle is equal to half of the sheet.
Shade the two triangles with different colours.
Draw different shapes using these triangles. One such shape
is shown here.
D
Many Ways to Cut into Half
Ha! Half a chocolate is as
tasty as a whole chocolate!
We write it as It means 1 part out of 2. You
can check if these parts are equal Try keeping
one on top of the other.
½.
.
I have made a rectangle into
two equal parts like this. Each
part is . half
96
Many Ways to Make Quarters
I make our arts like this.
Each part is a .
And I can write it as .
It means 1 part out of 4
f p
quarter
¼
.
97
2024-25
Many Shapes from a Half Sheet
Many Ways to Cut into Half
Ha! Half a chocolate is as
tasty as a whole chocolate!
We write it as It means 1 part out of 2. You
can check if these parts are equal Try keeping
one on top of the other.
½.
.
I have made a rectangle into
two equal parts like this. Each
part is . half
96
In how many different ways can you cut a into half?
Draw 5 different ways .
rectangle
D
Can you check if they are equal?
Many Ways to Make Quarters
D In how many different ways can you cut a rectangle into four
equal parts? Draw 5 different ways.
1
4
1
4
1
4
1
4
I make our arts like this.
Each part is a .
And I can write it as .
It means 1 part out of 4
f p
quarter
¼
.
Can you check if they are equal?
97
2024-25
Page 5


Each of us got a
quarter of the
chapati. You are a
good 'divider'. Ha!
Halves and Quarters
MintucatandMottucatwerefriends.Oncetheystolea chapati
fromMalini’skitchen.Iwilltakeit—saidMintu.No,Iwilltakeit
— said Mottu. While they were quarrelling, there came Tittu
Monkey.Hi!Whatistheproblem?whyareyouquarrelling?—he
asked. “We don’t know how to divide this chapati between us —
thecatssaid.OK!don’tworry.Iwilldividethechapatiequallyfor
bothofyou—hesaid.CleverTittudividedthechapatilikethis:
These are not equal, the left part is bigger — Mintu and Mottu
said. Oh, no problem, I will make it equal — Tittu said. He then
cutapartoftheleftpieceandateit.
Oh! Now the right part is bigger — the cats cried. I am sorry —
said Tittu. He cut a part from the bigger piece and ate it. When
there was only a small piece remaining, he said — This is my
share for the work. Tittu then quickly ate the last piece and
climbedthetree.
94
Now is it equal?
HalfofHalf
Half-Half
HalfofManyPieces
95
9
2024-25
Each of us got a
quarter of the
chapati. You are a
good 'divider'. Ha!
Halves and Quarters
94
Now is it equal?
Half of Half
If two more cats come for food how will you divide one chapati
equally for four cats?
D ,
Half-Half
If the cats ask you to divide the chapati equally,
how will you divide it?
If you do not cheat like Tittu, the cats will have these parts.
D
Half of Many Pieces
Rani got a chocolate. She divided it
equally and gave half to her friend Reena.
ircle the portion that Reena got. D C
95
9
2024-25
How many pieces of  chocolate are there? _________
How many pieces were left with Rani? _________
Many Shapes from a Half Sheet
Take a piece of paper. Cut the sheet into two equal triangles so
that each triangle is equal to half of the sheet.
Shade the two triangles with different colours.
Draw different shapes using these triangles. One such shape
is shown here.
D
Many Ways to Cut into Half
Ha! Half a chocolate is as
tasty as a whole chocolate!
We write it as It means 1 part out of 2. You
can check if these parts are equal Try keeping
one on top of the other.
½.
.
I have made a rectangle into
two equal parts like this. Each
part is . half
96
Many Ways to Make Quarters
I make our arts like this.
Each part is a .
And I can write it as .
It means 1 part out of 4
f p
quarter
¼
.
97
2024-25
Many Shapes from a Half Sheet
Many Ways to Cut into Half
Ha! Half a chocolate is as
tasty as a whole chocolate!
We write it as It means 1 part out of 2. You
can check if these parts are equal Try keeping
one on top of the other.
½.
.
I have made a rectangle into
two equal parts like this. Each
part is . half
96
In how many different ways can you cut a into half?
Draw 5 different ways .
rectangle
D
Can you check if they are equal?
Many Ways to Make Quarters
D In how many different ways can you cut a rectangle into four
equal parts? Draw 5 different ways.
1
4
1
4
1
4
1
4
I make our arts like this.
Each part is a .
And I can write it as .
It means 1 part out of 4
f p
quarter
¼
.
Can you check if they are equal?
97
2024-25
 
 
Cutting the Cake
Rajni’s father brought a cake. She divided the cake into 4 equal 
parts — for herself, her brother Raju, her father and her mother.
D Colour each share with different colours.
D How much does each get? ________
D Father gave his share of cake to Rajni. 
Now colour the total part that Rajni will 
get.
D Out of 4 parts Rajni will get _____ parts, 
which is equal to half of the cake. 
 So she can write it as or ½. 
Before Rajni's father gave his share to 
Rajni, she had only ½ of 'half the cake', 
which was ¼ of the total cake.
D Colour the share Raju got.
D How much of the cake do Rajni and Raju 
together get? Colour their total share.
 Altogether they get 3 parts out of 4, so we 
can write it as ¾.
98
4
2024-25