Class 6 Exam  >  Class 6 Notes  >  Arts for Class 6 (Kriti - 1)  >  NCERT Textbook: Taal or Talam and Raga or Ragam in Indian Music

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Chapter 8
T aal or T alam and Ra ga or 
Ra gam in Indian Music
In Hindustani music’s tala 
system, the ??rst matra is 
called sam.
DO YOU KNOW
Taal in Hindustani 
Classical Music
Keharva Taal
Dha Ge Na Ti Na Ka DhinNa
X0
Bols
Taal signs
Matra
Matra: 8
Vibhag : 2
Tali: on 1 matra
Khali: on 5 matra
23 45 67 8 1
Dadra Taal
Dha Dhin Na DhaTuNa
X0
Bols
Taal signs
Matra 23 45 6 1
Matra: 6
Vibhag : 2
Tali: on 1 matra
Khali: on 4 matra
Objective:
Understand the concept 
of raga and rhythm in 
North and South Indian 
classical music.
Teen Taal
dha dhin dhin dha dha dhin dhin dhadha tin tin ta ta dhin dhin dha
X2 03
9
Bols
Taal signs
Matra 10 23 45 67 8 1111213141516
Matra: 16
Vibhag: 4
Tali: on 1, 5, 13 matra
Khali: on 9 matra
2 Music.indd   53 7/19/2024   11:36:18 AM
Reprint 2025-26
Page 2


Chapter 8
T aal or T alam and Ra ga or 
Ra gam in Indian Music
In Hindustani music’s tala 
system, the ??rst matra is 
called sam.
DO YOU KNOW
Taal in Hindustani 
Classical Music
Keharva Taal
Dha Ge Na Ti Na Ka DhinNa
X0
Bols
Taal signs
Matra
Matra: 8
Vibhag : 2
Tali: on 1 matra
Khali: on 5 matra
23 45 67 8 1
Dadra Taal
Dha Dhin Na DhaTuNa
X0
Bols
Taal signs
Matra 23 45 6 1
Matra: 6
Vibhag : 2
Tali: on 1 matra
Khali: on 4 matra
Objective:
Understand the concept 
of raga and rhythm in 
North and South Indian 
classical music.
Teen Taal
dha dhin dhin dha dha dhin dhin dhadha tin tin ta ta dhin dhin dha
X2 03
9
Bols
Taal signs
Matra 10 23 45 67 8 1111213141516
Matra: 16
Vibhag: 4
Tali: on 1, 5, 13 matra
Khali: on 9 matra
2 Music.indd   53 7/19/2024   11:36:18 AM
Reprint 2025-26
Kriti–I | Grade 6 54
Talam in Carnatic Music
In Carnatic music, talam is used 
to  keep the beat. Each talam has 
a ??xed number of beats and is 
repeated. This is known as talam 
cycle or avartanam. The parts of a 
talam are known as angams. The 
three angams are:
Laghu? —?This is a clap followed by 
counting of ??ngers. It can be 3, 4, 5, 
7 or 9 beats. It is represented as | 
followed by the number of beats (as 
subscript).
When the laghu has three beats, 
we call it tishra jaati.
When the laghu has four beats, 
we call it chaturashra jaati.
When the laghu has ??ve beats, 
we call it hhanda jaati.
When the laghu has seven beats, 
we call it mishra jaati.
When the laghu has nine beats, 
we call it sankeerna jaati.
Dhrutam?—?This is a clap followed 
by the wave of the hand. It has two 
beats. It is represented as O.
Anudhrutam?—?This is just a clap. It 
has one beat and is represented as U 
and it is less used in comparison to 
the above two. 
Let us see how the laghu and 
dhrutam are presented in the form 
of tala.
Rupaka Talam?—?This talam has 
one dhrutam followed by one laghu. 
The chaturashra jaati rupaka talam 
therefore, is a cycle of six beats (4 + 
2). It is represented as O |
4
.
Adi Talam?—?This talam has one 
laghu followed by two dhrutams. It 
is a cycle of eight beats (4 + 2 + 2). It 
is represented as |
4
 O O.
DO YOU KNOW
Mridangam maestro 
Sangeetha Kalanidhi 
and Padma Bhushan 
awardee, Palghat Mani 
Iyer , gave his ??rst 
performance when he 
was 10 years old. He 
trained under Thanjavur 
Sri Vaidyanatha Iyer . 
Mani Iyer introduced 
the concept of actively 
supporting the 
musical phrases on 
the mridangam rather 
than merely providing 
rhythmic support. He 
accompanied many 
leading artistes of his 
time. His fans also 
enjoyed his thani 
avartanams (solos). 
Many of his students 
became popular 
performers.
2 Music.indd   54 7/19/2024   11:36:18 AM
Reprint 2025-26
Page 3


Chapter 8
T aal or T alam and Ra ga or 
Ra gam in Indian Music
In Hindustani music’s tala 
system, the ??rst matra is 
called sam.
DO YOU KNOW
Taal in Hindustani 
Classical Music
Keharva Taal
Dha Ge Na Ti Na Ka DhinNa
X0
Bols
Taal signs
Matra
Matra: 8
Vibhag : 2
Tali: on 1 matra
Khali: on 5 matra
23 45 67 8 1
Dadra Taal
Dha Dhin Na DhaTuNa
X0
Bols
Taal signs
Matra 23 45 6 1
Matra: 6
Vibhag : 2
Tali: on 1 matra
Khali: on 4 matra
Objective:
Understand the concept 
of raga and rhythm in 
North and South Indian 
classical music.
Teen Taal
dha dhin dhin dha dha dhin dhin dhadha tin tin ta ta dhin dhin dha
X2 03
9
Bols
Taal signs
Matra 10 23 45 67 8 1111213141516
Matra: 16
Vibhag: 4
Tali: on 1, 5, 13 matra
Khali: on 9 matra
2 Music.indd   53 7/19/2024   11:36:18 AM
Reprint 2025-26
Kriti–I | Grade 6 54
Talam in Carnatic Music
In Carnatic music, talam is used 
to  keep the beat. Each talam has 
a ??xed number of beats and is 
repeated. This is known as talam 
cycle or avartanam. The parts of a 
talam are known as angams. The 
three angams are:
Laghu? —?This is a clap followed by 
counting of ??ngers. It can be 3, 4, 5, 
7 or 9 beats. It is represented as | 
followed by the number of beats (as 
subscript).
When the laghu has three beats, 
we call it tishra jaati.
When the laghu has four beats, 
we call it chaturashra jaati.
When the laghu has ??ve beats, 
we call it hhanda jaati.
When the laghu has seven beats, 
we call it mishra jaati.
When the laghu has nine beats, 
we call it sankeerna jaati.
Dhrutam?—?This is a clap followed 
by the wave of the hand. It has two 
beats. It is represented as O.
Anudhrutam?—?This is just a clap. It 
has one beat and is represented as U 
and it is less used in comparison to 
the above two. 
Let us see how the laghu and 
dhrutam are presented in the form 
of tala.
Rupaka Talam?—?This talam has 
one dhrutam followed by one laghu. 
The chaturashra jaati rupaka talam 
therefore, is a cycle of six beats (4 + 
2). It is represented as O |
4
.
Adi Talam?—?This talam has one 
laghu followed by two dhrutams. It 
is a cycle of eight beats (4 + 2 + 2). It 
is represented as |
4
 O O.
DO YOU KNOW
Mridangam maestro 
Sangeetha Kalanidhi 
and Padma Bhushan 
awardee, Palghat Mani 
Iyer , gave his ??rst 
performance when he 
was 10 years old. He 
trained under Thanjavur 
Sri Vaidyanatha Iyer . 
Mani Iyer introduced 
the concept of actively 
supporting the 
musical phrases on 
the mridangam rather 
than merely providing 
rhythmic support. He 
accompanied many 
leading artistes of his 
time. His fans also 
enjoyed his thani 
avartanams (solos). 
Many of his students 
became popular 
performers.
2 Music.indd   54 7/19/2024   11:36:18 AM
Reprint 2025-26
Music 55
Ragas in Indian Music
There are two di??erent styles of 
classical music in India?—?Carnatic 
or South Indian classical music, and 
Hindustani or North Indian classical 
music. The swaras in each style 
have been explained to you in the 
earlier pages. Carnatic music uses 
instruments like the veena, violin, 
??ute, nadaswaram, mridangam, 
ghatam, kanjira and morsing. The 
compositions are usually in Sanskrit, 
Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam and 
Tamil language. Hindustani music 
uses instruments like the tanpura, 
sitar, sarod, sarangi, santoor, tabla, 
and pakhawaj. Songs are composed 
usually in Hindi, Sanskrit, and 
Brijbhasha. 
Watch videos to understand 
about raga and tala.
Raga is based on a scale. Every 
scale has notes (swaras) in ascending 
(arohana) and descending (avarohana) 
order. Imagine a staircase made 
of swaras! The notes in the scale 
change according to the raga. 
Notation Scheme
When writing the notes in the higher 
octave (taar saptak), the notes are 
represented by a dot on top like 
this, ??. The notes in the lower octave 
(mandra saptak) are represented by 
a dot below like this, ?. The notes in 
the middle octave (madhya saptak) 
are represented by just the swara 
like this, S.
Jaatis of Raga
Let us know another interesting 
terminology used for a speci??c set of 
notes in ragas. If a raga has ??ve notes 
it is known as audav jaati. If a raga 
has six notes it is known as shadav 
Jaati. If a raga has seven notes it is 
known as sampoorna jaati.
Interesting Terms
Carnatic 
Music Term
Hindustani 
Music Term
Ragam Raga
Arohanam Aroha
Avarohanam Avaroha
Gamakam Gamak
Layam Laya
2 Music.indd   55 7/19/2024   11:36:19 AM
Reprint 2025-26
Page 4


Chapter 8
T aal or T alam and Ra ga or 
Ra gam in Indian Music
In Hindustani music’s tala 
system, the ??rst matra is 
called sam.
DO YOU KNOW
Taal in Hindustani 
Classical Music
Keharva Taal
Dha Ge Na Ti Na Ka DhinNa
X0
Bols
Taal signs
Matra
Matra: 8
Vibhag : 2
Tali: on 1 matra
Khali: on 5 matra
23 45 67 8 1
Dadra Taal
Dha Dhin Na DhaTuNa
X0
Bols
Taal signs
Matra 23 45 6 1
Matra: 6
Vibhag : 2
Tali: on 1 matra
Khali: on 4 matra
Objective:
Understand the concept 
of raga and rhythm in 
North and South Indian 
classical music.
Teen Taal
dha dhin dhin dha dha dhin dhin dhadha tin tin ta ta dhin dhin dha
X2 03
9
Bols
Taal signs
Matra 10 23 45 67 8 1111213141516
Matra: 16
Vibhag: 4
Tali: on 1, 5, 13 matra
Khali: on 9 matra
2 Music.indd   53 7/19/2024   11:36:18 AM
Reprint 2025-26
Kriti–I | Grade 6 54
Talam in Carnatic Music
In Carnatic music, talam is used 
to  keep the beat. Each talam has 
a ??xed number of beats and is 
repeated. This is known as talam 
cycle or avartanam. The parts of a 
talam are known as angams. The 
three angams are:
Laghu? —?This is a clap followed by 
counting of ??ngers. It can be 3, 4, 5, 
7 or 9 beats. It is represented as | 
followed by the number of beats (as 
subscript).
When the laghu has three beats, 
we call it tishra jaati.
When the laghu has four beats, 
we call it chaturashra jaati.
When the laghu has ??ve beats, 
we call it hhanda jaati.
When the laghu has seven beats, 
we call it mishra jaati.
When the laghu has nine beats, 
we call it sankeerna jaati.
Dhrutam?—?This is a clap followed 
by the wave of the hand. It has two 
beats. It is represented as O.
Anudhrutam?—?This is just a clap. It 
has one beat and is represented as U 
and it is less used in comparison to 
the above two. 
Let us see how the laghu and 
dhrutam are presented in the form 
of tala.
Rupaka Talam?—?This talam has 
one dhrutam followed by one laghu. 
The chaturashra jaati rupaka talam 
therefore, is a cycle of six beats (4 + 
2). It is represented as O |
4
.
Adi Talam?—?This talam has one 
laghu followed by two dhrutams. It 
is a cycle of eight beats (4 + 2 + 2). It 
is represented as |
4
 O O.
DO YOU KNOW
Mridangam maestro 
Sangeetha Kalanidhi 
and Padma Bhushan 
awardee, Palghat Mani 
Iyer , gave his ??rst 
performance when he 
was 10 years old. He 
trained under Thanjavur 
Sri Vaidyanatha Iyer . 
Mani Iyer introduced 
the concept of actively 
supporting the 
musical phrases on 
the mridangam rather 
than merely providing 
rhythmic support. He 
accompanied many 
leading artistes of his 
time. His fans also 
enjoyed his thani 
avartanams (solos). 
Many of his students 
became popular 
performers.
2 Music.indd   54 7/19/2024   11:36:18 AM
Reprint 2025-26
Music 55
Ragas in Indian Music
There are two di??erent styles of 
classical music in India?—?Carnatic 
or South Indian classical music, and 
Hindustani or North Indian classical 
music. The swaras in each style 
have been explained to you in the 
earlier pages. Carnatic music uses 
instruments like the veena, violin, 
??ute, nadaswaram, mridangam, 
ghatam, kanjira and morsing. The 
compositions are usually in Sanskrit, 
Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam and 
Tamil language. Hindustani music 
uses instruments like the tanpura, 
sitar, sarod, sarangi, santoor, tabla, 
and pakhawaj. Songs are composed 
usually in Hindi, Sanskrit, and 
Brijbhasha. 
Watch videos to understand 
about raga and tala.
Raga is based on a scale. Every 
scale has notes (swaras) in ascending 
(arohana) and descending (avarohana) 
order. Imagine a staircase made 
of swaras! The notes in the scale 
change according to the raga. 
Notation Scheme
When writing the notes in the higher 
octave (taar saptak), the notes are 
represented by a dot on top like 
this, ??. The notes in the lower octave 
(mandra saptak) are represented by 
a dot below like this, ?. The notes in 
the middle octave (madhya saptak) 
are represented by just the swara 
like this, S.
Jaatis of Raga
Let us know another interesting 
terminology used for a speci??c set of 
notes in ragas. If a raga has ??ve notes 
it is known as audav jaati. If a raga 
has six notes it is known as shadav 
Jaati. If a raga has seven notes it is 
known as sampoorna jaati.
Interesting Terms
Carnatic 
Music Term
Hindustani 
Music Term
Ragam Raga
Arohanam Aroha
Avarohanam Avaroha
Gamakam Gamak
Layam Laya
2 Music.indd   55 7/19/2024   11:36:19 AM
Reprint 2025-26
Kriti–I | Grade 6 56
Activity 1: Raga Bhoop
The raga bhoop has the following 
notes:
Aroha/Arohana: S R G P D ?? Avaroha/Avarohana: ?? D P G R S
The raga hamsadhwani has the 
following notes:
Aroha/Arohana: S R G P N ?? Avaroha/Avarohana: ?? N P G R S
If you decorate a scale by 
using gamakas (ornamentations), 
repeating certain notes, and playing 
special phrases, it can become a 
raga. Each raga is ornamented with 
important notes and special phrases.
Raga in Sanskrit means  
something that colours the mind. 
Every raga evokes certain emotional 
responses in the mind. This is called 
rasa.
Watch the video on raga and rasa 
to understand more about ragas and 
their moods!
In Indian classical music, 
composition refers to the structured 
arrangement of musical elements 
such as melody (raga), rhythm (tala), 
and lyrics (if any). Compositions in 
Indian classical music are typically 
called bandish in hindustani classical 
music and kritis in carnatic classical 
music.
Activity 2: Learn a 
Swaramalika in Raga 
Bilawal
A composition sung in a sargam 
(swaras) is called a swarmalika. The 
swarmalika can be composed using 
di??erent ragas. Listen to the 
swaramalika in raga bilawal, set to 
teentaal.
P
?
N
G
D
?
?
?
P
?
P
D
M
N
N
?
?
D
D
P
-
N
-
P
?
M
?
R
?
G
?
S
5
R
G
3
M
R
4
G
M
2
P
G
1
S
S
7
R
M
6
G
P
9
S
G
11
S
P
8
S
G
10
R
M
12
?
M
13
?
G
15
S
S
14
?
R
16
-
-
Raga: Bilawal
Tala: Teentaal
Composer: Traditional
Swaramalika
Sthayi
Antara
Aroha:S R G M P D N ?
Avaroha: ? N D P M G R S
2 Music.indd   56 7/19/2024   11:37:12 AM
Reprint 2025-26
Page 5


Chapter 8
T aal or T alam and Ra ga or 
Ra gam in Indian Music
In Hindustani music’s tala 
system, the ??rst matra is 
called sam.
DO YOU KNOW
Taal in Hindustani 
Classical Music
Keharva Taal
Dha Ge Na Ti Na Ka DhinNa
X0
Bols
Taal signs
Matra
Matra: 8
Vibhag : 2
Tali: on 1 matra
Khali: on 5 matra
23 45 67 8 1
Dadra Taal
Dha Dhin Na DhaTuNa
X0
Bols
Taal signs
Matra 23 45 6 1
Matra: 6
Vibhag : 2
Tali: on 1 matra
Khali: on 4 matra
Objective:
Understand the concept 
of raga and rhythm in 
North and South Indian 
classical music.
Teen Taal
dha dhin dhin dha dha dhin dhin dhadha tin tin ta ta dhin dhin dha
X2 03
9
Bols
Taal signs
Matra 10 23 45 67 8 1111213141516
Matra: 16
Vibhag: 4
Tali: on 1, 5, 13 matra
Khali: on 9 matra
2 Music.indd   53 7/19/2024   11:36:18 AM
Reprint 2025-26
Kriti–I | Grade 6 54
Talam in Carnatic Music
In Carnatic music, talam is used 
to  keep the beat. Each talam has 
a ??xed number of beats and is 
repeated. This is known as talam 
cycle or avartanam. The parts of a 
talam are known as angams. The 
three angams are:
Laghu? —?This is a clap followed by 
counting of ??ngers. It can be 3, 4, 5, 
7 or 9 beats. It is represented as | 
followed by the number of beats (as 
subscript).
When the laghu has three beats, 
we call it tishra jaati.
When the laghu has four beats, 
we call it chaturashra jaati.
When the laghu has ??ve beats, 
we call it hhanda jaati.
When the laghu has seven beats, 
we call it mishra jaati.
When the laghu has nine beats, 
we call it sankeerna jaati.
Dhrutam?—?This is a clap followed 
by the wave of the hand. It has two 
beats. It is represented as O.
Anudhrutam?—?This is just a clap. It 
has one beat and is represented as U 
and it is less used in comparison to 
the above two. 
Let us see how the laghu and 
dhrutam are presented in the form 
of tala.
Rupaka Talam?—?This talam has 
one dhrutam followed by one laghu. 
The chaturashra jaati rupaka talam 
therefore, is a cycle of six beats (4 + 
2). It is represented as O |
4
.
Adi Talam?—?This talam has one 
laghu followed by two dhrutams. It 
is a cycle of eight beats (4 + 2 + 2). It 
is represented as |
4
 O O.
DO YOU KNOW
Mridangam maestro 
Sangeetha Kalanidhi 
and Padma Bhushan 
awardee, Palghat Mani 
Iyer , gave his ??rst 
performance when he 
was 10 years old. He 
trained under Thanjavur 
Sri Vaidyanatha Iyer . 
Mani Iyer introduced 
the concept of actively 
supporting the 
musical phrases on 
the mridangam rather 
than merely providing 
rhythmic support. He 
accompanied many 
leading artistes of his 
time. His fans also 
enjoyed his thani 
avartanams (solos). 
Many of his students 
became popular 
performers.
2 Music.indd   54 7/19/2024   11:36:18 AM
Reprint 2025-26
Music 55
Ragas in Indian Music
There are two di??erent styles of 
classical music in India?—?Carnatic 
or South Indian classical music, and 
Hindustani or North Indian classical 
music. The swaras in each style 
have been explained to you in the 
earlier pages. Carnatic music uses 
instruments like the veena, violin, 
??ute, nadaswaram, mridangam, 
ghatam, kanjira and morsing. The 
compositions are usually in Sanskrit, 
Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam and 
Tamil language. Hindustani music 
uses instruments like the tanpura, 
sitar, sarod, sarangi, santoor, tabla, 
and pakhawaj. Songs are composed 
usually in Hindi, Sanskrit, and 
Brijbhasha. 
Watch videos to understand 
about raga and tala.
Raga is based on a scale. Every 
scale has notes (swaras) in ascending 
(arohana) and descending (avarohana) 
order. Imagine a staircase made 
of swaras! The notes in the scale 
change according to the raga. 
Notation Scheme
When writing the notes in the higher 
octave (taar saptak), the notes are 
represented by a dot on top like 
this, ??. The notes in the lower octave 
(mandra saptak) are represented by 
a dot below like this, ?. The notes in 
the middle octave (madhya saptak) 
are represented by just the swara 
like this, S.
Jaatis of Raga
Let us know another interesting 
terminology used for a speci??c set of 
notes in ragas. If a raga has ??ve notes 
it is known as audav jaati. If a raga 
has six notes it is known as shadav 
Jaati. If a raga has seven notes it is 
known as sampoorna jaati.
Interesting Terms
Carnatic 
Music Term
Hindustani 
Music Term
Ragam Raga
Arohanam Aroha
Avarohanam Avaroha
Gamakam Gamak
Layam Laya
2 Music.indd   55 7/19/2024   11:36:19 AM
Reprint 2025-26
Kriti–I | Grade 6 56
Activity 1: Raga Bhoop
The raga bhoop has the following 
notes:
Aroha/Arohana: S R G P D ?? Avaroha/Avarohana: ?? D P G R S
The raga hamsadhwani has the 
following notes:
Aroha/Arohana: S R G P N ?? Avaroha/Avarohana: ?? N P G R S
If you decorate a scale by 
using gamakas (ornamentations), 
repeating certain notes, and playing 
special phrases, it can become a 
raga. Each raga is ornamented with 
important notes and special phrases.
Raga in Sanskrit means  
something that colours the mind. 
Every raga evokes certain emotional 
responses in the mind. This is called 
rasa.
Watch the video on raga and rasa 
to understand more about ragas and 
their moods!
In Indian classical music, 
composition refers to the structured 
arrangement of musical elements 
such as melody (raga), rhythm (tala), 
and lyrics (if any). Compositions in 
Indian classical music are typically 
called bandish in hindustani classical 
music and kritis in carnatic classical 
music.
Activity 2: Learn a 
Swaramalika in Raga 
Bilawal
A composition sung in a sargam 
(swaras) is called a swarmalika. The 
swarmalika can be composed using 
di??erent ragas. Listen to the 
swaramalika in raga bilawal, set to 
teentaal.
P
?
N
G
D
?
?
?
P
?
P
D
M
N
N
?
?
D
D
P
-
N
-
P
?
M
?
R
?
G
?
S
5
R
G
3
M
R
4
G
M
2
P
G
1
S
S
7
R
M
6
G
P
9
S
G
11
S
P
8
S
G
10
R
M
12
?
M
13
?
G
15
S
S
14
?
R
16
-
-
Raga: Bilawal
Tala: Teentaal
Composer: Traditional
Swaramalika
Sthayi
Antara
Aroha:S R G M P D N ?
Avaroha: ? N D P M G R S
2 Music.indd   56 7/19/2024   11:37:12 AM
Reprint 2025-26
Music 57
Activity 3: Learn a 
Bandish in Raga Yaman
Watch this video to learn a bandish 
in Raga Yaman. 
The aroha or ascending notes in 
raga yaman are, N R G M D N ?? .
The avaroha or descending notes in 
raga yaman are, ?? N D P M G R S.
Note that the M is higher than the 
regular M that you have sung before. 
This small shift in one note alters the 
mood of the song!
The song describes Lord Krishna 
playing the ??ute and the gopikas of 
Vrindavan dancing to its melody.
Raga Yaman 
Chhota Khayal?—?Kanha Bansuri
Sthayi
Aaj Bajaaii Kanha Bansuri
Moha Layi Sagari Brija Naari Pyari
Antara
Brindavana Ki Kunja Galina Mei
Sanga Brikhabhaana Dulaari Pyari
Interesting Term
The predominant 
mood of Raga Yaman is 
shringar or love. There 
are many popular ??lm 
songs composed in this 
raga! Try and ??nd some 
popular songs based 
on this raga. Learn and 
sing them.
P
ri
-
-
R
-
R
-
G
-
-
-
P
Aa
PM
'
ja
G
Ba
R
ja
S
ii
?
Ka
R
nha
GM
'
Ban
P
-
M
'
su
P
ri
-
-
R
-
R
-
G
-
P
Mo
M
'
ha
D
la
P
yi
-
-
M
'
Sa
M
'
ga
G
ri
-
-
PM
'
Bri
GR
ja
R
Naa
G
-
R
ri
S
Pya
-
-
S
ri
1
X
2345
2
6789
0
10 11 12 13
3
14 15 16
P
Aa
PM
'
ja
GR
Ba
S?
ja
?
ii
?
Ka
R
nha
GM
'
Ban
P
-
M
'
su
Sthayi Taal - Teentaal
-
-
ND
Kun
N
ja
?
Ga
N
li
ND
na
P
mei
-
-
-
-
M
' 
-
Brin
DN
da
?
-
?
va
?
na
?
ki
-
-
-
-
ND
kun
N
ja
?
Ga
N
li
ND
na
P
mei
-
-
-
-
M
'
San
D
ga
M
'
Li
DN
ye
?N
- -
N
Bri
ND
kha
P
bha
-
-
R
na
R
Du
RG
la-
PR
ri
P
Aa
PM
'
ja
1
X
2345
2
6789
0
10 11 12 13
3
14 15 16
-
-
P
Brin
-?
-da
?
-
?
va
?
na
?
ki
-
-
Antara
Teen Taal
2 Music.indd   57 7/19/2024   11:37:12 AM
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