NCERT Textbook: कैसे करें कहानी का नाट्य रूपांतरण | Hindi Class 12 - Humanities/Arts PDF Download

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Rationalised 2023-24
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140 140 140 140 140
11
oSQls djsa dgkuh
dk ukV~; :ikarj.k
bl ikB esa---
4 dgkuh vkSj ukVd dk lacaèk
4 oSQls cuk,¡ dgkuh dks ukVd
4 ukV~; :ikarj.k dh pqukSfr;k¡
u BsB ¯gnh] u [kkfyl mnwZ
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izR;sd dFkk lkfgR; esa ewyr% ,d dgkuh
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foèkkvksa dk Lo:i vyx&vyx D;ksa\ os
dkSu&ls rÙo gSa tks bu foèkkvksa osQ
vyx&vyx Lo:i dks fuèkkZfjr djrs gaSA
D;k foèkk cnyus ls dkO; izHkko vkSj
vkLokn esa Hkh cnyko vkrk gS\
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muosQ rÙo Hkh vyx gksrs gSaA Hkk"kk dk
iz;ksx Hkh foèkk cny tkus ij ifjofrZr gks
tkrk gSA blosQ lkFk&lkFk ;g rF; Hkh
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Lo:i] le; vkSj vko';drk osQ vuqlkj
cnyrk jgrk gSA foèkkvksa esa vknku&iznku
dh izfozQ;k pyrh jgrh gSA
dgkuh dk ukVd esa :ikarj.k djus osQ
fy, lcls igys dgkuh vkSj ukVd esa
oSfoè; rFkk lekurkvksa dks le>uk vko';d
Rationalised 2023-24
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oSQls djsa dgkuh dk ukV~; :ikarj.k
gSA blosQ fy, gesa ukVd dh fo'ks"krkvksa dks le>uk gksxkA tgk¡ dgkuh dk lacaèk ys[kd vkSj
ikBd ls tqM+rk gS ogha ukVd ys[kd] funsZ'kd] ik=k] n'kZd] Jksrk ,oa vU; yksxksa dks ,d&nwljs
ls tksM+rk gSA pw¡fd n`'; dk Le`fr;ksa ls xgjk lacaèk gksrk gS blfy, ukVd ,oa fI
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:ikarj.k dbZ ckj gq, gSa vkSj dbZ rjg ls gq, gSaA
dgkuh dgh tkrh gS ;k i<+h tkrh gSA ukVd eap ij izLrqr fd;k tkrk gSA ukVd dks eap
ij vfHkusrk vfHku; }kjk izLrqr djrs gSaA eap lTtk gksrh gS] laxhr gksrk gS] izdk'k O;oLFkk
gksrh gSA lekurk ;g gksrh gS fd dgkuh vkSj ukVd nksuksa esa ,d dgkuh gksrh gS] ik=k gksrs gSa]
ifjos'k gksrk gS] dgkuh dk ozQfed fodkl gksrk gS] laokn gksrs gSa] }a} gksrk gS] pje mRd"kZ
gksrk gSA bl rjg ge ns[krs gSa fd ukVd vkSj dgkuh dh vkRek osQ oqQN ewy rÙo ,d gh
gSaA ;g vo'; gS fd oqQN ewy rÙo tSls }a} ukVd esa ftruk vkSj ftl ek=kk esa vko';d
gS mruk laHkor% dgkuh esa ugha gSA
dgkuh dks ukVd esa :ikarfjr djus osQ fy, lcls igys dgkuh dh foLr`r dFkkoLrq dks
le; vkSj LFkku osQ vkèkkj ij foHkkftr fd;k tkrk gSA ge tkurs gSa fd dFkkoLrq mu ?kVukvksa
dk ys[kk&tks[kk gS tks dgkuh esa ?kVrh gSA ge ;g Hkh tkurs gSa fd izR;sd ?kVuk fdlh LFkku
ij fdlh le; esa ?kVrh gSA ,slk Hkh laHko gS fd ?kVuk LFkku rFkk le;foghu gksA dgkuh dh
bZnxkg osQ ukV~; :ikarj.k dk ,d n`';
Rationalised 2023-24
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142
dFkkoLrq (dFkkud) dks lkeus
j[kdj ,d&,d ?kVuk dks
pqu&pqudj fudkyk tkrk gS
vkSj mlosQ vkèkkj ij n`';
curk gSA rkRi;Z ;g fd ;fn
,d ?kVuk ,d LFkku vkSj ,d
le; esa ?kV jgh gS rks og
,d n`'; gksxkA bZnxkg dgkuh
osQ lanHkZ esa ns[ksa rks blosQ
vkjaHk esa ys[kd us esys dks
ysdj cPpksa osQ mrkoysiu vkSj
oqQrwgy dk yack euksoSKkfud
fp=k.k fd;k gS blosQ fy, igys
n`'; esa xk¡o osQ ml fgLls dks
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Hkkx&nkSM+ dj jgs gSa] rS;kj gks
jgs gSa] ckj&ckj vius iSls fxu
jgs gSa vkSj Vksyh osQ fudyus dh jkg ns[k jgs gSaA igys n`'; dk vafre fgLlk gkfen vkSj
mldh nknh vehuk ij osaQfnzr gks ldrk gS vkSj muosQ laokn fn, tk ldrs gSaA
LFkku vkSj le; osQ vkèkkj ij dgkuh dk foHkktu djosQ n`';ksa dks fy[kk tk ldrk gSA ;g
ns[kuk vko';d gS fd izR;sd n`'; dk dFkkud osQ vuqlkj vkSfpR; gksA eryc ;g fd izR;sd
n`'; D;k dFkkud dk fgLlk gS\ D;k mls fudky fn;k tk, rks dFkkud vkSj mlosQ fodkl ij
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vkSj ukVd mckmQ gks tk,xkA ;g Hkh è;ku j[kuk pkfg, fd izR;sd
n`'; dk dFkkuqlkj rkfoZQd fodkl gks jgk gS ;k ughaaA ;g lqfuf'pr
djus osQ fy, n`'; fo'ks"k osQ mís'; vkSj mldh lajpuk ij fopkj
vko';d gSA izR;sd n`'; ,d fcanq ls izkjaHk gksrk gSA dFkkuqlkj viuh
vko';drk,¡ iwjh djrk gS vkSj mldk ,slk var gksrk gS tks mls vxys
n`'; ls tksM+rk gSA blfy, n`'; dk iwjk fooj.k rS;kj fd;k tkuk
pkfg,A dgha ,slk u gks fd n`'; esa dksbZ vko';d tkudkjh NwV tk,
;k mldk ozQe fcxM+ tk,A bl izdkj ge ns[krs gSa fd ukVd gh esa ugha
cfYd ukVd osQ izR;sd n`'; esa izkjaHk] eè; vkSj var gksrk gSA n`'; dbZ
dke ,d lkFk djrk gSA ,d vksj og dFkkud dks vkxs c<+krk gS rks
nwljh vksj ik=kksa vkSj ifjos'k dks laoknksa osQ ekè;e ls LFkkfir djrk gSA
blosQ lkFk&lkFk n`'; vxys n`'; osQ fy, Hkwfedk Hkh rS;kj djrk gSA
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4 ifjos'k ;k ifjfLFkfr;ksa ij bl
ikB esa dh xbZ fVIi.kh dks vki
ukVd esa oSQls 'kkfey djsaxs\
4 D;k dgkuh esa ,sls oqQN vkSj Hkh
rÙo gks ldrs gSa ftudks ukVd
es <kyuk eqf'dy gksrk gS\
lgikfB;ksa ,oa f'k{kdksa dh enn
ls ,sls rÙoksa ij fopkj djsaA
oqQN izfl¼ dgkfu;k¡ ftudk liQyrkiwoZd ukV~; :ikarj.k gqvk gSµ
4 phI
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kQ dh nkor & Hkh"e lkguh
4 Vksck Vsd flag & eaVks
4 fMIVh dysDVjh & vejdkar
4 nqfo/k & fot;nku nsFkk
4 dI
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kQu & izsepan
4 cM+s HkkbZ lkgc & izsepan
4 eksVsjke 'kkL=kh & izsepan
4 bZnxkg & izsepan
4 #i;k rqEgsa [kk x;k & Hkxorh pj.k oekZ
4 okjsu gsfLVaXl dk lk¡<+ & mn; izdk'k
4 vkSj var esa izkFkZuk &      mn; izdk'k
4 eksgunkl &      mn; izdk'k
4 /wi dk VqdM+k] Ms<+
   bap mQij] ohd ,aM & fueZy oekZ
  (rhu ,dkar uke ls izdkf'kr)
142
Rationalised 2023-24
Page 4


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140 140 140 140 140
11
oSQls djsa dgkuh
dk ukV~; :ikarj.k
bl ikB esa---
4 dgkuh vkSj ukVd dk lacaèk
4 oSQls cuk,¡ dgkuh dks ukVd
4 ukV~; :ikarj.k dh pqukSfr;k¡
u BsB ¯gnh] u [kkfyl mnwZ
”kcku xks;k feyh&tqyh gks
vyx jgs nw/ ls u feJh
Myh&Myh nw/ esa ?kqyh gksA
&ukjk;.k izlkn csrkc
ikjlh fFk,Vj osQ e'kgwj ukVddkj
izR;sd dFkk lkfgR; esa ewyr% ,d dgkuh
gksrh gS Hkk"kk Hkh ,d tSlh gksrh gS fiQj
foèkkvksa dk Lo:i vyx&vyx D;ksa\ os
dkSu&ls rÙo gSa tks bu foèkkvksa osQ
vyx&vyx Lo:i dks fuèkkZfjr djrs gaSA
D;k foèkk cnyus ls dkO; izHkko vkSj
vkLokn esa Hkh cnyko vkrk gS\
lkfgR; dh vyx&vyx foèkkvksa dk
vyx&vyx Lo:i gksrk gSA u osQoy
mudh jpuk izfozQ;k vyx gksrh gS cfYd
muosQ rÙo Hkh vyx gksrs gSaA Hkk"kk dk
iz;ksx Hkh foèkk cny tkus ij ifjofrZr gks
tkrk gSA blosQ lkFk&lkFk ;g rF; Hkh
egÙoiw.kZ gS fd lkfgfR;d foèkkvksa dk
Lo:i] le; vkSj vko';drk osQ vuqlkj
cnyrk jgrk gSA foèkkvksa esa vknku&iznku
dh izfozQ;k pyrh jgrh gSA
dgkuh dk ukVd esa :ikarj.k djus osQ
fy, lcls igys dgkuh vkSj ukVd esa
oSfoè; rFkk lekurkvksa dks le>uk vko';d
Rationalised 2023-24
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oSQls djsa dgkuh dk ukV~; :ikarj.k
gSA blosQ fy, gesa ukVd dh fo'ks"krkvksa dks le>uk gksxkA tgk¡ dgkuh dk lacaèk ys[kd vkSj
ikBd ls tqM+rk gS ogha ukVd ys[kd] funsZ'kd] ik=k] n'kZd] Jksrk ,oa vU; yksxksa dks ,d&nwljs
ls tksM+rk gSA pw¡fd n`'; dk Le`fr;ksa ls xgjk lacaèk gksrk gS blfy, ukVd ,oa fI
+
kQYe dks yksx
nsj rd ;kn j[krs gSaA ;gh dkj.k gS fd xksnku] nsonkl] mlus dgk Fkk] ln~xfr vkfn osQ ukV~;
:ikarj.k dbZ ckj gq, gSa vkSj dbZ rjg ls gq, gSaA
dgkuh dgh tkrh gS ;k i<+h tkrh gSA ukVd eap ij izLrqr fd;k tkrk gSA ukVd dks eap
ij vfHkusrk vfHku; }kjk izLrqr djrs gSaA eap lTtk gksrh gS] laxhr gksrk gS] izdk'k O;oLFkk
gksrh gSA lekurk ;g gksrh gS fd dgkuh vkSj ukVd nksuksa esa ,d dgkuh gksrh gS] ik=k gksrs gSa]
ifjos'k gksrk gS] dgkuh dk ozQfed fodkl gksrk gS] laokn gksrs gSa] }a} gksrk gS] pje mRd"kZ
gksrk gSA bl rjg ge ns[krs gSa fd ukVd vkSj dgkuh dh vkRek osQ oqQN ewy rÙo ,d gh
gSaA ;g vo'; gS fd oqQN ewy rÙo tSls }a} ukVd esa ftruk vkSj ftl ek=kk esa vko';d
gS mruk laHkor% dgkuh esa ugha gSA
dgkuh dks ukVd esa :ikarfjr djus osQ fy, lcls igys dgkuh dh foLr`r dFkkoLrq dks
le; vkSj LFkku osQ vkèkkj ij foHkkftr fd;k tkrk gSA ge tkurs gSa fd dFkkoLrq mu ?kVukvksa
dk ys[kk&tks[kk gS tks dgkuh esa ?kVrh gSA ge ;g Hkh tkurs gSa fd izR;sd ?kVuk fdlh LFkku
ij fdlh le; esa ?kVrh gSA ,slk Hkh laHko gS fd ?kVuk LFkku rFkk le;foghu gksA dgkuh dh
bZnxkg osQ ukV~; :ikarj.k dk ,d n`';
Rationalised 2023-24
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12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 vfHkO;fDr vkSj ekè;e
142
dFkkoLrq (dFkkud) dks lkeus
j[kdj ,d&,d ?kVuk dks
pqu&pqudj fudkyk tkrk gS
vkSj mlosQ vkèkkj ij n`';
curk gSA rkRi;Z ;g fd ;fn
,d ?kVuk ,d LFkku vkSj ,d
le; esa ?kV jgh gS rks og
,d n`'; gksxkA bZnxkg dgkuh
osQ lanHkZ esa ns[ksa rks blosQ
vkjaHk esa ys[kd us esys dks
ysdj cPpksa osQ mrkoysiu vkSj
oqQrwgy dk yack euksoSKkfud
fp=k.k fd;k gS blosQ fy, igys
n`'; esa xk¡o osQ ml fgLls dks
I
+
kQksdl dj ldrs gSa] tgk¡ cPps
Hkkx&nkSM+ dj jgs gSa] rS;kj gks
jgs gSa] ckj&ckj vius iSls fxu
jgs gSa vkSj Vksyh osQ fudyus dh jkg ns[k jgs gSaA igys n`'; dk vafre fgLlk gkfen vkSj
mldh nknh vehuk ij osaQfnzr gks ldrk gS vkSj muosQ laokn fn, tk ldrs gSaA
LFkku vkSj le; osQ vkèkkj ij dgkuh dk foHkktu djosQ n`';ksa dks fy[kk tk ldrk gSA ;g
ns[kuk vko';d gS fd izR;sd n`'; dk dFkkud osQ vuqlkj vkSfpR; gksA eryc ;g fd izR;sd
n`'; D;k dFkkud dk fgLlk gS\ D;k mls fudky fn;k tk, rks dFkkud vkSj mlosQ fodkl ij
dksbZ I
+
kQoZQ iM+sxk\ ,sls n`'; ugha gks ldrs tks vuko';d gksaA ;s ukVd dh xfr dks ckfèkr djsaxs
vkSj ukVd mckmQ gks tk,xkA ;g Hkh è;ku j[kuk pkfg, fd izR;sd
n`'; dk dFkkuqlkj rkfoZQd fodkl gks jgk gS ;k ughaaA ;g lqfuf'pr
djus osQ fy, n`'; fo'ks"k osQ mís'; vkSj mldh lajpuk ij fopkj
vko';d gSA izR;sd n`'; ,d fcanq ls izkjaHk gksrk gSA dFkkuqlkj viuh
vko';drk,¡ iwjh djrk gS vkSj mldk ,slk var gksrk gS tks mls vxys
n`'; ls tksM+rk gSA blfy, n`'; dk iwjk fooj.k rS;kj fd;k tkuk
pkfg,A dgha ,slk u gks fd n`'; esa dksbZ vko';d tkudkjh NwV tk,
;k mldk ozQe fcxM+ tk,A bl izdkj ge ns[krs gSa fd ukVd gh esa ugha
cfYd ukVd osQ izR;sd n`'; esa izkjaHk] eè; vkSj var gksrk gSA n`'; dbZ
dke ,d lkFk djrk gSA ,d vksj og dFkkud dks vkxs c<+krk gS rks
nwljh vksj ik=kksa vkSj ifjos'k dks laoknksa osQ ekè;e ls LFkkfir djrk gSA
blosQ lkFk&lkFk n`'; vxys n`'; osQ fy, Hkwfedk Hkh rS;kj djrk gSA
xfrfofèk
4 ifjos'k ;k ifjfLFkfr;ksa ij bl
ikB esa dh xbZ fVIi.kh dks vki
ukVd esa oSQls 'kkfey djsaxs\
4 D;k dgkuh esa ,sls oqQN vkSj Hkh
rÙo gks ldrs gSa ftudks ukVd
es <kyuk eqf'dy gksrk gS\
lgikfB;ksa ,oa f'k{kdksa dh enn
ls ,sls rÙoksa ij fopkj djsaA
oqQN izfl¼ dgkfu;k¡ ftudk liQyrkiwoZd ukV~; :ikarj.k gqvk gSµ
4 phI
+
kQ dh nkor & Hkh"e lkguh
4 Vksck Vsd flag & eaVks
4 fMIVh dysDVjh & vejdkar
4 nqfo/k & fot;nku nsFkk
4 dI
+
kQu & izsepan
4 cM+s HkkbZ lkgc & izsepan
4 eksVsjke 'kkL=kh & izsepan
4 bZnxkg & izsepan
4 #i;k rqEgsa [kk x;k & Hkxorh pj.k oekZ
4 okjsu gsfLVaXl dk lk¡<+ & mn; izdk'k
4 vkSj var esa izkFkZuk &      mn; izdk'k
4 eksgunkl &      mn; izdk'k
4 /wi dk VqdM+k] Ms<+
   bap mQij] ohd ,aM & fueZy oekZ
  (rhu ,dkar uke ls izdkf'kr)
142
Rationalised 2023-24
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tk ldrk gSA LFkkuh; jax esa laoknksa dks jax dj pfj=k&fp=k.k dks ifjekftZr fd;k tk ldrk gSA
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Rationalised 2023-24
Page 5


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11
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Rationalised 2023-24
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Rationalised 2023-24
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142
dFkkoLrq (dFkkud) dks lkeus
j[kdj ,d&,d ?kVuk dks
pqu&pqudj fudkyk tkrk gS
vkSj mlosQ vkèkkj ij n`';
curk gSA rkRi;Z ;g fd ;fn
,d ?kVuk ,d LFkku vkSj ,d
le; esa ?kV jgh gS rks og
,d n`'; gksxkA bZnxkg dgkuh
osQ lanHkZ esa ns[ksa rks blosQ
vkjaHk esa ys[kd us esys dks
ysdj cPpksa osQ mrkoysiu vkSj
oqQrwgy dk yack euksoSKkfud
fp=k.k fd;k gS blosQ fy, igys
n`'; esa xk¡o osQ ml fgLls dks
I
+
kQksdl dj ldrs gSa] tgk¡ cPps
Hkkx&nkSM+ dj jgs gSa] rS;kj gks
jgs gSa] ckj&ckj vius iSls fxu
jgs gSa vkSj Vksyh osQ fudyus dh jkg ns[k jgs gSaA igys n`'; dk vafre fgLlk gkfen vkSj
mldh nknh vehuk ij osaQfnzr gks ldrk gS vkSj muosQ laokn fn, tk ldrs gSaA
LFkku vkSj le; osQ vkèkkj ij dgkuh dk foHkktu djosQ n`';ksa dks fy[kk tk ldrk gSA ;g
ns[kuk vko';d gS fd izR;sd n`'; dk dFkkud osQ vuqlkj vkSfpR; gksA eryc ;g fd izR;sd
n`'; D;k dFkkud dk fgLlk gS\ D;k mls fudky fn;k tk, rks dFkkud vkSj mlosQ fodkl ij
dksbZ I
+
kQoZQ iM+sxk\ ,sls n`'; ugha gks ldrs tks vuko';d gksaA ;s ukVd dh xfr dks ckfèkr djsaxs
vkSj ukVd mckmQ gks tk,xkA ;g Hkh è;ku j[kuk pkfg, fd izR;sd
n`'; dk dFkkuqlkj rkfoZQd fodkl gks jgk gS ;k ughaaA ;g lqfuf'pr
djus osQ fy, n`'; fo'ks"k osQ mís'; vkSj mldh lajpuk ij fopkj
vko';d gSA izR;sd n`'; ,d fcanq ls izkjaHk gksrk gSA dFkkuqlkj viuh
vko';drk,¡ iwjh djrk gS vkSj mldk ,slk var gksrk gS tks mls vxys
n`'; ls tksM+rk gSA blfy, n`'; dk iwjk fooj.k rS;kj fd;k tkuk
pkfg,A dgha ,slk u gks fd n`'; esa dksbZ vko';d tkudkjh NwV tk,
;k mldk ozQe fcxM+ tk,A bl izdkj ge ns[krs gSa fd ukVd gh esa ugha
cfYd ukVd osQ izR;sd n`'; esa izkjaHk] eè; vkSj var gksrk gSA n`'; dbZ
dke ,d lkFk djrk gSA ,d vksj og dFkkud dks vkxs c<+krk gS rks
nwljh vksj ik=kksa vkSj ifjos'k dks laoknksa osQ ekè;e ls LFkkfir djrk gSA
blosQ lkFk&lkFk n`'; vxys n`'; osQ fy, Hkwfedk Hkh rS;kj djrk gSA
xfrfofèk
4 ifjos'k ;k ifjfLFkfr;ksa ij bl
ikB esa dh xbZ fVIi.kh dks vki
ukVd esa oSQls 'kkfey djsaxs\
4 D;k dgkuh esa ,sls oqQN vkSj Hkh
rÙo gks ldrs gSa ftudks ukVd
es <kyuk eqf'dy gksrk gS\
lgikfB;ksa ,oa f'k{kdksa dh enn
ls ,sls rÙoksa ij fopkj djsaA
oqQN izfl¼ dgkfu;k¡ ftudk liQyrkiwoZd ukV~; :ikarj.k gqvk gSµ
4 phI
+
kQ dh nkor & Hkh"e lkguh
4 Vksck Vsd flag & eaVks
4 fMIVh dysDVjh & vejdkar
4 nqfo/k & fot;nku nsFkk
4 dI
+
kQu & izsepan
4 cM+s HkkbZ lkgc & izsepan
4 eksVsjke 'kkL=kh & izsepan
4 bZnxkg & izsepan
4 #i;k rqEgsa [kk x;k & Hkxorh pj.k oekZ
4 okjsu gsfLVaXl dk lk¡<+ & mn; izdk'k
4 vkSj var esa izkFkZuk &      mn; izdk'k
4 eksgunkl &      mn; izdk'k
4 /wi dk VqdM+k] Ms<+
   bap mQij] ohd ,aM & fueZy oekZ
  (rhu ,dkar uke ls izdkf'kr)
142
Rationalised 2023-24
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oSQls djsa dgkuh dk ukV~; :ikarj.k
,slk gks ldrk gS fd oqQN ,sls n`';
curs gksa ftuesa ys[kd us osQoy fooj.k fn;k
gks vkSj mlesa dksbZ laokn u gksA ,sls n`';ksa dk
Hkh iwjk [kkdk rS;kj dj ysuk pkfg,A ;g
vo'; ns[kuk pkfg, fd tkudkfj;k¡] lwpuk,¡
vkSj ?kVuk,¡ nksgjkbZ u xbZ gksaA
n`'; fuèkkZfjr djus osQ ckn n`';ksa vkSj
ewy dgkuh dks i<+us ls ;g vuqeku yx
ldrk gS fd ewy dgkuh esa ,slk D;k gS tks
n`';ksa esa ugha vk;k gSA ys[kd }kjk ifjos'k dk
fooj.k ;k ifjfLFkfr;ksa ij fVIif.k;k¡ izk;%
n`';ksa esa ugha <y ikrhaA ;g ns[kuk vko';d
gS fd ifjfLFkfr] ifjos'k] ik=k] dFkkud ls lacafèkr fooj.kkRed fVIif.k;k¡ fdl izdkj dh gSaA
fofHkUu izdkj osQ fooj.kksa dks ukVd esa LFkku nsus osQ vyx&vyx rjhosQ gSaA mnkgj.k osQ fy,
fooj.kkRed fVIi.kh ;fn ifjos'k osQ ckjs esa gS rks mls eap lTtk osQ varxZr fy;k tk ldrk gS
;k ik'oZ laxhr osQ ekè;e ls O;Dr fd;k tk ldrk gSA fooj.k ;fn ik=kksa osQ ckjs esa gS rks mUgsa
laoknksa osQ ekè;e ls fuèkkZfjr n`';ksa esa mfpr LFkku ij fn;k tk ldrk gSA dgus dk rkRi;Z ;g gS
fd dgkuh esa O;Dr egÙoiw.kZ lw=k ukVd osQ Lo:i osQ vuqlkj viuh txg fuèkkZfjr dj ysrs gSaA
n`'; fuèkkZfjr gks tkus ij ;g vuqeku yxk;k tk ldrk gS fd n`'; dh lHkh vko';drkvksa
dks iwjk djus okys rFkk n`'; osQ ozQfed fodkl dks lqfuf'pr djus osQ fy, i;kZIr laokn gSa ;k
ughaA ;fn i;kZIr laokn ugha gSa rks mUgsa fy[kus dk dke fd;k tkrk gSA lcls igyh vkSj egÙoiw.kZ
'krZ ;g gS fd u, fy[ks laokn] dgkuh osQ ewy laoknksa osQ lkFk esy [kkrs gksaA nwljh egÙoiw.kZ ckr
;g fd muosQ fy[ks tkus dk lkS izfr'kr vkSfpR; gksA rhljh ckr tks è;ku esa jgs og ;g gS fd
laokn NksVs] izHkko'kkyh vkSj cksypky dh Hkk"kk esa gksaA dgkuh esa Nis yacs laokn dks ikBd i<+
ldrk gS ysfdu eap ij cksys x, yacs laokn ls rkjrE; cuk, j[k ikuk dfBu gksrk gSA
dgkuh esa pfj=k&fp=k.k vyx izdkj ls fd;k tkrk gS vkSj ukVd esa mldh fofèk oqQN
cny tkrh gSA :ikarj.k djrs le; dgkuh osQ ik=kksa dh n`';kRedrk vkSj ukVd osQ ik=kksa esa
mldk iz;ksx fd;k tkuk pkfg,A mnkgj.k osQ fy, izsepan us bZnxkg esa esys esa tkrs gkfen osQ
diM+ksa dk f”kØ ugha fd;k gS vkSj u gh vU; yM+dksa osQ ckjs esa oqQN fy[kk gS ijarq dgkuh
ls ;g vuqeku yxk;k tk ldrk gS fd gkfen uaxs iSj gksxk] mlosQ oqQrsZ esa iScan yxs gksaxs tcfd
vU; yM+dksa osQ diM+s mudh vPNh vk£Fkd fLFkfr osQ lwpd gksaxsA laokn dks ukVd esa
izHkko'kkyh cukus dk vxyk rjhdk vfHku; gS tks izk;% funsZ'kd dk dke gS] ij ys[kd Hkh
bl vksj laosQr dj ldrk gSA ik=k dh HkkoHkafxekvksa vkSj mlosQ rkSjrjhdksa (eSufj”e) ls izHkko
mRiUu fd;k tk ldrk gSA dgkuh osQ yacs laoknksa dks NksVk djosQ mUgsa vfèkd ukVdh; cuk;k
tk ldrk gSA LFkkuh; jax esa laoknksa dks jax dj pfj=k&fp=k.k dks ifjekftZr fd;k tk ldrk gSA
jkek;.k dFkk dk ukV~; :ikarj.k
Rationalised 2023-24
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12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 vfHkO;fDr vkSj ekè;e
144
vH;kl
èofu vkSj izdk'k Hkh pfj=k&fp=k.k djus rFkk laosnukRed izHkko mRiUu djus esa dkjxj
fl¼ gks ldrs gSaA izk;% funsZ'kd gh bl lacaèk esa fu.kZ; ysrs gSa ij ys[kdksa osQ lq>ko lnk
Lokxr ;ksX; gksrs gSaA ys[kd dks ;fn bu laHkkoukvksa dh tkudkjh gS rks mlosQ vanj
vkRefo'okl iSnk gksrk gS vkSj :ikarj.k dk dk;Z larks"ktud gksrk gSA
:ikarj.k esa ,d leL;k ik=kksa osQ euksHkkoksa dks dgkuhdkj }kjk fooj.k osQ :i esa O;Dr
izlaxksa ;k ekufld }a} osQ n`';ksa dh ukVdh; izLrqfr esa vk ldrh gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy, bZnxkg
dk og fgLlk tgk¡ gkfen bl }a} esa gS fd D;k&D;k [kjhns ;k tgk¡ og ;g lksprk gS fd
vEek dk gkFk ty tkrk gS] mldk :ikarj.k dfBu gSA :ikarj.k esa bl rjg osQ fooj.k izLrqr
djus osQ fy, Loxr dFku dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS ftlesa ys[kd eap osQ dksus esa tkdj vius
vkils ;g laokn cksyrk gSA ysfdu vktdy ^ok;l vksoj* vFkkZr ,slh èofu tks n'kZdksa dks
lqukbZ nsrh gS ij ik=k ugha cksyrk osQ ekè;e ls laHko gSA vEek okys va'k osQ fy, Ý
+
yS'kcSd
'kSyh dk mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA blh izdkj gkfen dh yypkbZ vk¡[kkas] gksBksa ij thHk isQjrs
vkSj ckn esa Hkkjh dneksa ls nqdku ls nwj tkus dk n`'; cuk;k tk ldrk gSA
dgkuh dk ukV~; :ikarj.k djus ls igys ;g tkudkjh gksuk vko';d gS fd orZeku jaxeap
esa D;k laHkkouk,¡ gSaA ;g rHkh laHko gS tc vPNs ukVd ns[ks tk,¡A blfy, :ikarj.k dk igyk
ikB ;gh gks ldrk gS fd vPNh ukV~; izLrqfr;k¡ ns[kh tk,¡A
ikB ls laokn
1- dgkuh vkSj ukVd esa D;k&D;k lekurk,¡ gksrh gSa\
2- LFkku vkSj le; dks è;ku eas j[krs gq, nksigj dk Hkkstu dgkuh dks fofHkUu n`';ksa esa
foHkkftr djsaA fdlh ,d n`'; dk laokn Hkh fy[ksaA
3- dgkuh osQ ukV~; :ikarj.k esa laoknksa dk fo'ks"k egÙo gksrk gSA uhps bZnxkg dgkuh ls
lacafèkr oqQN fp=k fn, tk jgs gSaA bUgsa ns[kdj laokn fy[ksaµ
144
Rationalised 2023-24