Q1: Which of the following is not a component of Fallopian tube?
A. Uterine fundus
B. Isthmus
C. Infundibulum
D. Ampulla
Choose the correct answer from the options given below. (NEET 2024)
(a) A, B, C, and D only
(b) A, C, D, and E only
(c) C, D, and E only
(d) B, C, D, and E only
Ans: (a)
Sol: The Fallopian tubes, also known as oviducts or uterine tubes, are structures in the female reproductive system that stretch from the uterus to the ovaries. These tubes play a crucial role in the journey of the egg from the ovary to the uterus. The primary components of the Fallopian tubes include the infundibulum, ampulla, and isthmus:
When examining the options provided, Option A mentions the "Uterine fundus". The fundus is actually the top part of the uterus, situated above the openings of the Fallopian tubes into the uterine cavity. The fundus of the uterus is not a part of the Fallopian tubes; instead, it is a region of the uterus itself. Therefore, the correct answer is: Option A: Uterine fundus
Q2: Given below are two statements:
Statement I: The presence or absence of hymen is not a reliable indicator of virginity. Statement II: The hymen is torn during the first coitus only. In the light of the above above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :
A. Both Statement I and Statement II are true
B. Both Statement I and Statement II are false
C. Statement I is true but Statement II is false
D. Statement I is false but Statement II is true
Choose the correct answer from the options given below. (NEET 2024)
(a) A, B, C, and D only
(b) A, C, D, and E only
(c) C, D, and E only
(d) B, C, D, and E only
Ans: (d)
Sol: To answer this question correctly, we need to evaluate the facts around each statement individually before making a comparison:
Statement I: The presence or absence of hymen is not a reliable indicator of virginity.
This statement is true. The hymen is a thin, elastic membrane located at the entrance to the vagina. Contrary to common belief, the hymen is not an impermeable barrier that is always torn when virginity is lost via sexual intercourse. It can vary greatly in shape and size from person to person. Some girls are born without a hymen, some have small hymenal tissue, and others have hymens that are very elastic. Moreover, the hymen can be stretched or torn during a variety of non-sexual activities such as tampon use, physical exercise (e.g., biking, gymnastics), or medical examinations. Therefore, the state of the hymen is not a definite indicator of virginity, making statement I true.
Statement II: The hymen is torn during the first coitus only.
This statement is false. As previously mentioned, the hymen can be stretched or torn by activities that are not sexual in nature. Additionally, many women may not experience tearing of the hymen at all during their first sexual intercourse. In cases where the hymen is more elastic or resilient, it may not tear during sexual activity. Furthermore, there are practices and surgeries, such as hymenoplasty, that can restore or create a hymen-like structure, indicating that the hymen can be altered multiple times throughout a woman's life. Thus, the claim that the hymen is torn only during the first coitus is incorrect.
Based on the explanations provided:
Option C (Statement I is true but Statement II is false) is the correct answer.
Q3: Identify the correct option (A), (B), (C), (D) with respect to spermatogenesis.
A. FSH, Leydig cells, Sertoli cells, spermiogenesis.
B. ICSH, Interstitial cells, Leydig cells, spermiogenesis.
C. FSH, Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, spermatogenesis.
D. ICSH, Leydig cells, Sertoli cells, spermatogenesis.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below. (NEET 2024)
(a) A, B, C, and D only
(b) A, C, D, and E only
(c) C, D, and E only
(d) B, C, D, and E only
Ans: (d)
Sol: The correct answer is option no. (1) as
(A) is FSH which is a pituitary hormone.
(B) is Leydig cells which are found in the interstitial space outside of the seminiferous tubules.
(C) is Sertoli cells are found inside the seminiferous tubules.
(D) is Spermiogenesis which is a process that helps in transformation of spermatids into spermatozoa.
Q4: Given below are two statements: One is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R: (NEET 2024)
Assertion A: Breast-feeding during initial period of infant growth is recommended by doctors for bringing a healthy baby.
Reason R: Colostrum contains several antibodies absolutely essential to develop resistance for the new born baby.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
(a) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are correct but R is NOT the correct explanation of A
(c) A is correct but R is not correct
(d) A is not correct but R is correct
Ans: (a)
Sol: Assertion A states that breast-feeding during the initial period of infant growth is recommended by doctors to bring up a healthy baby. This statement is indeed correct. Breast-feeding is universally recommended by health professionals because mother's milk contains the perfect balance of nutrients essential for the newborn's growth and development. Additionally, breastfeeding promotes better health outcomes for the mother and infant, strengthening the immune system of the baby.
Reason R explains that colostrum, the first form of milk produced immediately following the delivery of the newborn, contains several antibodies absolutely essential to develop resistance for the newborn baby. This statement is also correct. Colostrum is rich in immunoglobulins, particularly IgA, which provide passive immunity to the baby by forming a protective layer in the baby's intestine, thereby preventing infection.
Since both Assertion A and Reason R are correct, and Reason R directly explains why breastfeeding is beneficial — particularly highlighting the role of colostrum in providing immunity which is crucial for the newborn's health, the correct option herein is:
Option A: Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
Q1: Given below are two statements: (NEET 2023)
Statement I: Vas deferens receives a duct from seminal vesicle and opens into urethra as the ejaculatory duct.
Statement Il: The cavity of the cervix is called cervical canal which along with vagina forms birth canal.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true.
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false.
(c) Statement I is correct but Statement II is false.
(d) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is true.
Ans: (a)
Option (a) is the correct answer to this question because statement I and statement II both are correct. Vas deferens receives a duct from seminal vesicle and opens into urethra as the ejaculatory duct. The cavity of cervix is called cervical canal which along with vagina forms the birth canal.
Q2: Which of the following statements are correct regarding female reproductive cycle? (NEET 2023)
A. In non-primate mammals cyclical changes during reproduction are called oestrus cycle.
B. First menstrual cycle begins at puberty and is called menopause.
C. Lack of menstruation may be indicative of pregnancy.
D. Cyclic menstruation extends between menarche and menopause.
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
(a) A and D only
(b) A and B only
(c) A, B and C only
(d) A, C and D only
Ans: (d)
The correct answer is option (d) as first menstrual cycle that begins at puberty is called menarche.
Cyclic menstruation is an indicator of normal reproductive phase and extends between menarche and menopause.
In primates, cyclical changes during reproduction are called menstrual cycle.
Q3: Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R. (NEET 2023)
Assertion A: Endometrium is necessary for implantation of blastocyst.
Reason R: In the absence of fertilization, the corpus luteum degenerates that causes disintegration of endometrium.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Ans: (b)
Option (b) is the correct answer because both Assertion and Reason are true.
Implantation is embedding of the blastocyst into endometrium of uterus.
Correct explanation of reason is Corpus luteum secretes large amount of progesterone which is essential for maintenance of endometrium of uterus. In absence of fertilisation, the corpus luteum degenerates hence the decrease in the level of progesterone hormone will cause disintegration of endometrium leading to menstruation.
Q1: Given below are two statements:
Statement I: The release of sperms into the seminiferous tubules is called spermiation.
Statement II: Spermiogenesis is the process of formation of sperms from spermatogonia.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :
(a) Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect
(b) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct
(c) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
(d) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect (NEET 2022)
Ans: (a)
Q2: At which stage of life the oogenesis process is initiated?
(a) Birth
(b) Adult
(c) Puberty
(d) Embryonic development stage (NEET 2022)
Ans: (d)
Oogenesis starts at embryonic development stage in females.
Process of Oogenesis
Q3: Which of the following statements are true for spermatogenesis but do not hold true for Oogenesis?
(a) It results in the formation of haploid gametes
(b) Differentiation of gamete occurs after the completion of meiosis
(c) Meiosis occurs continuously in a mitotically dividing stem cell population
(d) It is controlled by the Luteinising Hormone (LH) and Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) secreted by the anterior pituitary
(e) It is initiated at puberty
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :
(a) (c) and (d) only
(b) (b) and (c) only
(c) (b), (d) and (e) only
(d) (b), (c) and (e) only (NEET 2022)
Ans: (d)
Option (d) is the correct answer.
Q4: How many secondary spermatocytes are required to form 400 million spermatozoa?
(a) 400 million
(b) 50 million
(c) 100 million
(d) 200 million [NEET 2022 Phase 2]
Ans: (d)
Option (d) is the correct answer because one primary spermatocyte produces two secondary spermatocytes by meiosis I and one secondary spermatocyte produces two spermatozoa via meiosis 2. So, 200 million secondary spermatocytes will produce 400 million spermatozoa.
Q5: Arrange the components of mammary gland. (from proximal to distal).
(a) Mammary duct
(b) Lactiferous duct
(c) Alveoli
(d) Mammary ampulla
(e) Mammary tubules
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :
(a) (e) → (c) → (d) → (b) → (a)
(b) (c) → (a) → (d) → (e) → (b)
(c) (b) → (c) → (e) → (d) → (a)
(d) (c) → (e) → (a) → (d) → (b) [NEET 2022 Phase 2]
Ans: (d)
Option (d) is the correct answer because the components of mammary gland (from proximal to distal) is:
(c) → (e) → (a) → (d) → (b)
Alveoli→Mammarytubules→Mammaryduct→Mammaryampulla→Lactiferousduct
Each mammary lobule is composed of a number of alveoli which open into mammary tubules. The tubules of each lobule join to form a mammary duct. Near the nipple, mammary ducts expand to form mammary ampullae where some milk is stored before going to lactiferous duct which is present at distal end through which milk is sucked out.
Q6: Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A): During pregnancy the level of thyroxine is increased in the maternal blood.
Reason (R): Pregnancy is characterised by metabolic changes in the mother.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
(a) (A) is not correct but (R) is correct
(b) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(c) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(d) (A) is correct but (R) is not correct [NEET 2022 Phase 2]
Ans: (b)
Option (b) is the correct answer because thyroxine is the main hormone that increases the basal metabolic rate in our body. A high metabolic rate is required during pregnancy, so levels of thyroxine increase in pregnant females along with other hormones such as cortisol, progesterone, etc.
Q1: Receptors for sperm binding in mammals are present on:
(a) Perivitelline space
(b) Zona pellucida
(c) Corona radiata
(d) Vitelline membrane (NEET 2021)
Ans: (b)
Q2: Which of the following secretes the hormone, relaxin, during the later phase of pregnancy?
(a) Foetus
(b) Uterus
(c) Graafian follicle
(d) Corpus luteum (NEET 2021)
Ans: (d)
Corpus luteum is formed in ovary after the ovulation and degenerates if pregnancy does not occur.
In later phase of pregnancy the corpus luteum secretes relaxin hormone.Relaxin dilates the cervix and helps in parturition. Graafian follicle, uterus and foetus has no role in relaxin secretion.
Q3: Which of these is not an important component of initiation of parturition in humans?
(a) Release of Oxytocin
(b) Release of Prolactin
(c) Increase in estrogen and progesterone ratio
(d) Synthesis of prostaglandins (NEET 2021)
Ans: (b)
Q1: Match the following columns and select the correct option (NEET 2020)
Ans: (b)
Placenta secretes human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Zona pellucida is a primary egg membrane secreted by the secondary oocyte. The secretions of bulbourethral glands help in lubrication of the penis Leydig cells synthesise and secrete testicular hormones called androgens.
Q2: Meiotic division of the secondary oocyte is completed:
(a) After zygote formation
(b) At the time of fusion of a sperm with an ovum
(c) Prior to ovulation
(d) At the time of copulation (NEET 2020)
Ans: (b)
Meiotic division of secondary oocyte is completed after the entry of sperm in secondary oocyte which lead to the formation of a large ovum and a tiny 2nd polar body
Q3: Which of the following hormone levels will cause release of ovum (ovulation) from the graffian follicle?
(a) Low concentration of LH
(b) Low concentration of FSH
(c) High concentration of Estrogen
(d) High concentration of Progesterone (NEET 2020)
Ans: (c)
The gonadotropin (LH and FSH) increases gradually during the follicular phase, and stimulates follicular development as well as secretion of estrogens by the growing follicles. Both LH and FSH attain a peak level in the middle of cycle (about 14th day). Rapid secretion of LH leading to its maximum level during the mid-cycle called LH surge induces rupture of Graafian follicle and thereby the release of ovum (ovulation).
Q1: Extrusion of second polar body from egg occurs
(a) Simultaneously with first cleavage
(b) After entry of sperm but before fertilisation
(c) After fertilisation
(d) Before entry of sperm into ovum. (NEET 2019)
Ans: (b)
Sperms enters into 2o oocytes which breaks metaphase promoting factor and activates anaphase promoting complex which causes extrusion of second polar body by completing meiosis-II.
Q2: Select the correct sequence for transport of sperm cells in male reproductive system.
(a) Testis → Epididymis → Vasa efferentia Vas deferens → Ejaculatoiy duct → Inguinal canal → Urethra → Urethral meatus
(b) Testis → Epididymis → Vasa efferentia → Rete testis → Inguinal canal Urethra
(c) Seminiferous tubules → Rete testis → Vasa efferentia → Epididymis → Vas deferens → Ejaculatory duct → Urethra → Urethral meatus
(d) Seminiferous tubules → Vasa efferentia → Epididymis → Inguinal canal → Urethra (NEET 2019)
Ans: (c)
The correct sequence for transport of sperm cells in male reproductive system is :
Seminiferous tubules → Rete testis → Vasa efferentia → Epididymis → Vas deferens → Ejaculatory duct → Urethra → Urethral meatus.
Q1: Hormones secreted by the placenta to maintain pregnancy are
(a) HCG, hPL, progestogens, prolactin
(b) HCG, hPL, estrogens, relaxin, oxytocin
(c) HCG, hPL, progestogens, estrogens
(d) HCG, progestogens, estrogens, glucocorticoids (NEET 2018)
Ans: (c)
Placenta is temporary organ that helps in exchange of gases, nutrients and waste materials between mother and fetus. During pregnancy, placenta acts as an endocrine gland and secretes some hormones such as estrogen, progesterone, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), human placental lactogen (hPL), chorionic thyrotropin, chorionic corticotropin and relaxin.
Q2: The difference between spermiogenesis and spermiation is
(a) In spermiogenesis spermatids are formed, while in spermiation spermatozoa are formed
(b) In spermiogenesis spermatozoa are formed, while in spermiation spermatids are formed
(c) In spermiogenesis spermatozoa from Sertoli cells are released into the cavity of seminiferous tubules, while in spermiation spermatozoa are formed
(d) In spermiogenesis spermatozoa are formed, while in spermiation spermatozoa are released from Sertoli cells into the cavity of seminiferous tubules (NEET 2018)
Ans: (d)
The spermatids are transformed into spermatozoa (sperms) by the process called spermiogenesis.
After spermiogenesis, sperm heads become embedded in the Sertoli calls, and are finally released from the seminiferous tubules by the process called spermiation.
Q3: The amnion of mammalian embryo is derived from
(a) Ectoderm and mesoderm
(b) Endoderm and mesoderm
(c) Mesoderm and trophoblast
(d) Ectoderm and endoderm. (NEET 2018)
Ans: (a)
Amnion of mammalian embryo formed by ectoderm & extra embryonic mesoderm.
Q4: Match the items given in column I with those in column II and select the correct option given below. (NEET 2018)
Column I | Column II |
A. Proliferative phase | (i) Breakdown of endometrial |
B. Secretory phase | (ii) Follicular phase |
C. Menstruation | (iii) Luteal phase |
A | B | C | |
(a) | (iii) | (ii) | (i) |
(b) | (i) | (iii) | (ii) |
(c) | (ii) | (iii) | (i) |
(d) | (iii) | (i) | (ii) |
Ans: (c)
Menstruation is a phase of bleeding by breakdown of endometrial long, Proliferate phase is follicular phase where as secretary phase is lacteal phase.
Q1: Capacitation occurs in (NEET 2017)
(a) Epididymis
(b) Vas deferens
(c) Female reproductive tract
(d) Rete testis
Ans: (c)
The sperms in the female’s genital tract are made capable of fertilising the egg by secretions of the female genital tract. These secretions remove coating substances deposited on the surface of the sperms particularly those on the acrosome. Thus, the receptor sites on the acrosome are exposed and sperm becomes active to penetrate the egg. This phenomenon of sperm activation in mammals is known as capacitation.
Q1: Changes in GnRH pulse frequency in females is controlled by circulating levels of (NEET 2016)
(a) Progesterone only
(b) Progesterone and inhibin
(c) Estrogen and progesterone
(d) Estrogen and inhibin.
Ans: (c)
At the pituitary, GnRH stimulates the synthesis and secretion of the gonadotropins, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH). These processes are controlled by the size and frequency of GnRH pulses, as well as by feedback from progesterone and estrogens. Lowfrequency GnRH pulses are required for FSH release, whereas high-frequency GnRH pulses stimulate LH pulses in a one to one manner
Q2: Fertilisation in humans is practically feasible only if (NEET 2016)
(a) The ovum and sperms are transported simultaneously to ampullary-isthmic junction of the cervix
(b) The sperms are transported into cervix within 48 hrs of release of ovum in uterus
(c) The sperms are transported into vagina just after the release of ovum in Fallopian tube
(d) The ovum and sperms are transported simultaneously to ampullary-isthmic junction of the Fallopian tube
View Answer
Q3: Select the incorrect statement. (NEET 2016)
(a) LH and FSH decrease gradually during the follicular phase.
(b) LH triggers secretion of androgens from the Leydig cells.
(c) FSH stimulates the Sertoli cells which help in spermiogenesis.
(d) LH triggers ovulation in ovary.
Ans: (a)
Considering the female reproductive endocrinology, ovulation is the process of the monthly release of the viable oocyte from the ovary between the time of menarche and menopause. During this time, there is a surge in the production of LH and FSH, termed as gonadotropins, thereby initiating estradiol and progesterone secretion from the ovary. Both these hormones are very important for the menstrual cycle.
Q4: Identify the correct statement on ‘inhibin’. (NEET 2016)
(a) Is produced by granulosa cells in ovary and inhibits the secretion of LH
(b) Is produced by nurse cells in testes and inhibits the secretion of LH
(c) Inhibits the secretion of LH, FSH and prolactin
(d) Is produced by granulosa cells in ovary and inhibits the secretion of FSH
Ans: (d)
In both females and males, inhibin inhibits FSH production. In females, FSH stimulates the secretion of inhibin from the granulosa cells of the ovarian follicles in the ovaries. In turn, inhibin suppresses FSH. In males, androgens stimulate inhibin production. It is secreted from the Sertoli cells, located in the seminiferous tubules inside the testes.
Q5: Which of the following depicts the correct pathway of transport of sperms? (NEET 2016 Phase 2)
(a) Rete testis → Efferent ductules → Epididymis → Vas deferens
(b) Rete testis → Epididymis → Efferent ductules → Vas deferens
(c) Rete testis → Vas deferens → Efferent ductules → Epididymis
(d) Efferent ductules → Rete testis → Vas deferens → Epididymis
Ans: (a)
Q6: Match column I with column II and select the correct option using the codes given below. (NEET 2016 Phase 2)
Column I | Column II |
A. Mons pubis | (i) Embryo formation |
B. Antrum | (ii) Sperm |
C. Trophectoderm | (iii) Female external genitalia |
D. Nebenkern | (iv) Graafian follicle |
(a) A-(iii), B-(iv), C-(ii), D-(i)
(b) A-(iii), B-(iv), C-(i), D-(ii)
(c) A-(iii), B-(i), C-(iv), D-(ii)
(d) A-(i), B-(iv), C-(iii), D-(ii)
Ans: (b)
Q7: Several hormones like hCG, hPL, estrogen, progesterone are produced by (NEET 2016 Phase 2)
(a) Ovary
(b) Placenta
(c) Fallopian tube
(d) Pituitary
Ans: (b)
Placenta is temporary organ that helps in exchange of gases, nutrients and waste materials between mother and fetus. During pregnancy, placenta acts as an endocrine gland and secretes some hormones such as estrogen, progesterone, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), human placenta] lactogen (liPL), chorionic thyrotropin, chorionic corticotropin and relaxin.
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1. What is the process of fertilization in human reproduction? |
2. What are the primary reproductive organs in the male and female human reproductive systems? |
3. How does the menstrual cycle regulate human reproduction? |
4. What are the common causes of infertility in human reproduction? |
5. How does contraception impact human reproduction? |
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