CTET & State TET Exam > CTET & State TET Notes > Social Studies & Pedagogy Paper 2 for CTET & TET Exams > Notes: Classroom Processes, Activities and Discourse
Notes: Classroom Processes, Activities and Discourse | Social Studies & Pedagogy Paper 2 for CTET & TET Exams - CTET & State TET PDF Download
Classroom supports the proper execution of curriculum development, developing best teaching practices and putting them into action. It provides successful learning environment having positive impact on students achieving given learning requirements and goals. In an effort to ensure all students receive the best education, the teaching approaches are adopted to increase the co-operative learning and engaging the learners with real world.
Classroom: Meaning
A classroom is a designated learning environment within an educational institution where learning occurs without external disruptions.
Classroom: Objectives
- To foster social co-existence skills among learners.
- To cultivate a sense of belongingness among learners.
- To nurture the development of accountable citizens for the future.
- To facilitate the acquisition of life skills among learners.
Classroom Process
The classroom process encompasses the thoughts, emotions, commitments, and actions of both teachers and students. It can be subdivided into:
Teacher Behaviour
This includes all the actions undertaken by a teacher within the classroom, which can be classified into:
- Planning: All preparatory activities carried out by a teacher before interacting with students in the classroom.
- Instruction: Guiding students' learning process.
- Management: Maintaining control over student behavior.
Student Behaviour
This encompasses all actions executed by students within the classroom, including a crucial variable known as Academic Learning Time (ALT). ALT refers to the duration during which students are effectively engaged in covering contents that will be subsequently tested.
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Classroom Variables
The classroom environment is influenced by three main variables:
- Content Overlap: Percentage of content covered on the test compared to what was taught in the classroom.
- Engaged Time: Duration during which students actively participate in the learning process.
- Success: Measurement of students' accuracy in completing assigned tasks.
A high level of academic learning time indicates that students are covering essential content, which is subsequently evaluated, and are consistently focused during class.
Other Classroom Processes
Various factors within the classroom influence students' academic performance:
- Classroom atmosphere and morale
- Opportunities for students to engage in leadership roles
Classroom process variables directly impact students' achievements.
Approaches of Teaching
Teaching methods vary widely, influenced by individual preferences. Teaching approach refers to a set of principles about learning translated into classroom practices. Teaching strategies are long-term plans designed to achieve specific goals.
- Teacher-Centered Approach: Teacher is perceived as the primary source of information.
- Learner-Centered Approach: Learners are considered significant sources of information.
- Subject Matter Centered Approach: Subject matter takes precedence over the learner.
- Teacher-Dominated Approach: Teacher is the sole provider of information.
- Interactive Approach: Students interact with the teacher and peers.
- Constructivist Approach: Students construct knowledge based on prior experiences.
- Banking Approach: Teacher deposits knowledge into students' minds.
John Dewey criticized the Banking approach.
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What does the classroom process encompass?View Solution
Teaching Methods/Techniques
Teaching methods are systematic approaches to teaching:
- Lecture Method: Teacher-centered approach with passive learners.
- Demonstration Method: Teacher or assigned students demonstrate while others observe.
- Inquiry Method: Learner-centered approach where students explore and discover.
- Problem-Solving Method: Scientific method for seeking information.
Activities: Meaning, Objective and Type
Learning activities engage learners in tasks connecting them to the real world:
- Objective: Practical knowledge dissemination, cooperative learning, directing learner energy positively, linking experiences with learning.
Activities Inside the Classroom
Classroom activities can be categorized into two sub-groups:
- Learning activities: These should engage students beyond rote learning, involving active participation to enhance understanding.
- Summary of Activities:
- Verbal Question Answer sessions
- Case Studies
- Co-operative Learning
- Group Processing
- Learning Conversations
- Relating Theory to Practice
- Modelling
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Activities Outside the Classroom
Learning activities conducted beyond classroom walls include:
- Day and overnight visits to relevant locations
- Field trips, surveys, and local investigations
- Sporting events, music, and drama productions
- When effectively planned, these activities significantly contribute to academic standards and personal development.
- Integration with classroom activities and long-term curriculum planning enhances the impact of learning outside the classroom.
- Precise learning objectives and evaluation methods are essential for effective implementation.
Discourse as a Method of Teaching
The discourse approach, commonly used in language teaching, involves interpreting various forms of text, including spoken language.
Objectives of discourse teaching:
- Enhancing teaching effectiveness
- Promoting effective communication of knowledge and skills
- Fostering human development
- Establishing global communication
The document Notes: Classroom Processes, Activities and Discourse | Social Studies & Pedagogy Paper 2 for CTET & TET Exams - CTET & State TET is a part of the CTET & State TET Course Social Studies & Pedagogy Paper 2 for CTET & TET Exams.
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FAQs on Notes: Classroom Processes, Activities and Discourse - Social Studies & Pedagogy Paper 2 for CTET & TET Exams - CTET & State TET
| 1. What are some common variables that can affect the classroom process? |  |
Ans. Some common variables that can affect the classroom process include student engagement, teacher effectiveness, classroom environment, resources available, and the level of student participation.
| 2. How can activities be used to enhance learning inside the classroom? | |
Ans. Activities inside the classroom can be used to engage students, promote active learning, reinforce concepts, encourage collaboration, and cater to different learning styles.
| 3. What is the role of discourse in the teaching process? | |
Ans. Discourse in teaching involves the exchange of ideas, opinions, and information between the teacher and students. It helps to facilitate learning, critical thinking, and communication skills.
| 4. What are some popular teaching methods or techniques that can be used in the classroom? | |
Ans. Some popular teaching methods or techniques include lectures, group discussions, hands-on activities, demonstrations, simulations, role-playing, and multimedia presentations.
| 5. How can activities outside the classroom contribute to students' learning experiences? | |
Ans. Activities outside the classroom, such as field trips, experiential learning opportunities, community service projects, and extracurricular activities, can provide real-world context, hands-on experiences, and opportunities for personal growth and development.
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