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Structure & Bonding: Nucleic Acids Video Lecture | Biology for ACT

FAQs on Structure & Bonding: Nucleic Acids Video Lecture - Biology for ACT

1. What are nucleic acids?

Nucleic acids are macromolecules that are essential for storing, transmitting, and expressing genetic information in living organisms. They are composed of nucleotide monomers, which consist of a sugar molecule, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. There are two types of nucleic acids: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).

2. How do nucleic acids form bonds?

Nucleic acids form bonds through phosphodiester linkages. The phosphate group of one nucleotide forms a covalent bond with the sugar molecule of another nucleotide, resulting in a backbone of alternating sugar-phosphate units. The nitrogenous bases, which include adenine, thymine (in DNA), cytosine, guanine, and uracil (in RNA), are attached to the sugar molecules and form hydrogen bonds with complementary bases on the opposite strand.

3. What is the importance of nucleic acids in genetics?

Nucleic acids play a crucial role in genetics by storing and transmitting genetic information. DNA, the primary nucleic acid, carries the genetic instructions necessary for the development, growth, and functioning of all living organisms. It serves as a template for the synthesis of RNA, which then directs the synthesis of proteins through a process called protein synthesis or gene expression.

4. How do nucleic acids contribute to the structure of chromosomes?

Nucleic acids, specifically DNA, are tightly coiled and packaged with proteins to form structures called chromosomes. Chromosomes are found within the nucleus of a cell and contain the genetic material necessary for cell division and inheritance. The DNA in chromosomes is organized into repeated units called nucleosomes, which consist of DNA wrapped around histone proteins. This compact packaging allows for the efficient storage and regulation of genetic information.

5. Can nucleic acids form bonds with other molecules?

Yes, nucleic acids can form bonds with other molecules. For example, RNA molecules can form hydrogen bonds with proteins to create ribonucleoprotein complexes, which play a role in various cellular processes. Additionally, nucleic acids can interact with small molecules, such as drugs or toxins, through specific binding sites, leading to various biological effects. These interactions are important in fields such as drug discovery and development.

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