OSI Model Part - 1 Introduction ; History and Features for (IT Officer ; Bank Po Exams) Video Lecture | Computer Awareness for Competitive Exams (Hindi) - Banking Exams

Ans. The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model is a conceptual framework that standardizes the functions of a communication system into seven different layers. It helps in understanding how different components of a network interact and communicate with each other. It is important in the field of IT as it provides a common language for network designers and developers, allowing them to create interoperable systems.

Ans. The development of the OSI model started in the late 1970s by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) to facilitate the creation of different computer networks that could communicate with each other. It was intended to be a universal networking standard that could support various protocols and technologies. The model was first published in 1984, and although it did not gain widespread adoption, it still remains a valuable reference for understanding network concepts.

Ans. The main features of the OSI model are: 1. Modularity: The model is divided into seven layers, each responsible for specific functions. This modular design allows for easier troubleshooting, maintenance, and development of network protocols. 2. Layered Approach: The layers of the model build upon each other, with each layer providing a specific set of services to the layer above it. This hierarchical structure ensures a systematic and organized approach to network communication. 3. Interoperability: The model promotes interoperability by defining standardized protocols and interfaces at each layer. This allows different vendors and technologies to seamlessly work together within the same network. 4. Encapsulation: Data is encapsulated at each layer by adding a header or trailer specific to that layer. This encapsulation ensures that data is properly handled and delivered between devices. 5. Protocol Independence: The model is not tied to any specific protocol, making it flexible and adaptable to different network technologies and protocols.

Ans. The OSI model provides a structured approach to troubleshooting network issues by dividing the network communication process into distinct layers. It allows network administrators to isolate and identify the specific layer where the problem is occurring. By understanding the responsibilities and functions of each layer, they can systematically analyze the network and determine the root cause of the issue. This helps in resolving network problems efficiently and effectively.

Ans. Some common examples of protocols used in each layer of the OSI model are: 1. Application Layer: HTTP, FTP, SMTP 2. Presentation Layer: SSL, JPEG, MPEG 3. Session Layer: NetBIOS, RPC, SIP 4. Transport Layer: TCP, UDP 5. Network Layer: IP, ICMP, OSPF 6. Data Link Layer: Ethernet, MAC 7. Physical Layer: Ethernet, USB, DSL These protocols provide specific functionalities and services at their respective layers to ensure reliable and efficient communication within a network.