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FAQs on PPT: Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids - Chemistry for JEE Main & Advanced

1. What are the key differences between aldehydes and ketones?
Ans. Aldehydes contain a carbonyl group (C=O) at the end of a carbon chain, while ketones have a carbonyl group located within the carbon chain. This structural difference leads to distinct chemical properties and reactivities between the two classes of compounds.
2. How do carboxylic acids differ in their strength compared to aldehydes and ketones?
Ans. Carboxylic acids are generally stronger acids than aldehydes and ketones. This is due to the presence of the carboxyl group (-COOH), which can donate a proton (H+) more readily than the carbonyl groups in aldehydes and ketones, making carboxylic acids more reactive in acid-base reactions.
3. What are some common methods for the synthesis of aldehydes and ketones?
Ans. Aldehydes can be synthesized through oxidation of primary alcohols, while ketones can be produced from the oxidation of secondary alcohols. Additionally, both aldehydes and ketones can be formed via the Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction, in which an acyl group is introduced to an aromatic compound.
4. What is the significance of the functional groups in determining the reactivity of aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids?
Ans. The functional groups (carbonyl group in aldehydes and ketones, carboxyl group in carboxylic acids) play a crucial role in their reactivity. The carbonyl group is polar, making aldehydes and ketones susceptible to nucleophilic attack. Carboxylic acids, with their additional hydroxyl group, can participate in both nucleophilic and electrophilic reactions, enhancing their reactivity.
5. How can one distinguish between aldehydes and ketones using chemical tests?
Ans. Aldehydes can be distinguished from ketones using Tollens' test or Fehling's test, both of which will oxidize aldehydes but not ketones. In Tollens' test, a silver mirror forms, while in Fehling's test, a brick-red precipitate of copper(I) oxide is produced with aldehydes, confirming their presence.
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