PPT: Materials | Year 4 Science IGCSE (Cambridge) - Class 4 PDF Download

 Page 1


M a t e r i a l s
Page 2


M a t e r i a l s
Materials, substances and particles
Materials
Objects can be made of different 
types of materials. For example, a 
school desk can be made of wood and 
metal. All materials are made of matter 
- everything around us.
Substances
A substance is a pure type of solid, 
liquid or gas. It is not a mixture. Most 
materials are mixtures of different 
substances.
Examples
Salt is a solid substance. Pure water is 
a liquid substance. Oxygen is a 
substance that is a gas.
Materials are specific types of matter with distinct properties. While most materials we encounter daily are mixtures, substances 
represent pure forms of solids, liquids, or gases that cannot be separated into different components through physical means.
Page 3


M a t e r i a l s
Materials, substances and particles
Materials
Objects can be made of different 
types of materials. For example, a 
school desk can be made of wood and 
metal. All materials are made of matter 
- everything around us.
Substances
A substance is a pure type of solid, 
liquid or gas. It is not a mixture. Most 
materials are mixtures of different 
substances.
Examples
Salt is a solid substance. Pure water is 
a liquid substance. Oxygen is a 
substance that is a gas.
Materials are specific types of matter with distinct properties. While most materials we encounter daily are mixtures, substances 
represent pure forms of solids, liquids, or gases that cannot be separated into different components through physical means.
Glass is a material
Composition
Glass is made by mixing sand with 
substances such as soda ash and 
limestone.
When heated together, these 
ingredients form a clear liquid glass 
that can be shaped as needed.
Properties
The liquid glass hardens when it 
cools, creating a solid, transparent 
material.
This versatile material can be formed 
into various shapes before it 
solidifies.
Applications
Glass is used to make window 
panes, bottles, light bulbs, and many 
other everyday objects.
Its transparency and durability make 
it ideal for these applications.
Page 4


M a t e r i a l s
Materials, substances and particles
Materials
Objects can be made of different 
types of materials. For example, a 
school desk can be made of wood and 
metal. All materials are made of matter 
- everything around us.
Substances
A substance is a pure type of solid, 
liquid or gas. It is not a mixture. Most 
materials are mixtures of different 
substances.
Examples
Salt is a solid substance. Pure water is 
a liquid substance. Oxygen is a 
substance that is a gas.
Materials are specific types of matter with distinct properties. While most materials we encounter daily are mixtures, substances 
represent pure forms of solids, liquids, or gases that cannot be separated into different components through physical means.
Glass is a material
Composition
Glass is made by mixing sand with 
substances such as soda ash and 
limestone.
When heated together, these 
ingredients form a clear liquid glass 
that can be shaped as needed.
Properties
The liquid glass hardens when it 
cools, creating a solid, transparent 
material.
This versatile material can be formed 
into various shapes before it 
solidifies.
Applications
Glass is used to make window 
panes, bottles, light bulbs, and many 
other everyday objects.
Its transparency and durability make 
it ideal for these applications.
All matter is made up of 
particles
Definition
A particle is a very small 
part or bit of something. 
These are the building 
blocks of all matter.
Visibility
Some particles, like dust, 
are large enough for us to 
see with the naked eye.
Microscopic Nature
Most particles are much too small for us to see without 
powerful microscopes.
The concept of particles helps us understand the fundamental nature 
of matter. Everything around us, from the air we breathe to the objects 
we touch, consists of these tiny building blocks arranged in different 
ways.
Page 5


M a t e r i a l s
Materials, substances and particles
Materials
Objects can be made of different 
types of materials. For example, a 
school desk can be made of wood and 
metal. All materials are made of matter 
- everything around us.
Substances
A substance is a pure type of solid, 
liquid or gas. It is not a mixture. Most 
materials are mixtures of different 
substances.
Examples
Salt is a solid substance. Pure water is 
a liquid substance. Oxygen is a 
substance that is a gas.
Materials are specific types of matter with distinct properties. While most materials we encounter daily are mixtures, substances 
represent pure forms of solids, liquids, or gases that cannot be separated into different components through physical means.
Glass is a material
Composition
Glass is made by mixing sand with 
substances such as soda ash and 
limestone.
When heated together, these 
ingredients form a clear liquid glass 
that can be shaped as needed.
Properties
The liquid glass hardens when it 
cools, creating a solid, transparent 
material.
This versatile material can be formed 
into various shapes before it 
solidifies.
Applications
Glass is used to make window 
panes, bottles, light bulbs, and many 
other everyday objects.
Its transparency and durability make 
it ideal for these applications.
All matter is made up of 
particles
Definition
A particle is a very small 
part or bit of something. 
These are the building 
blocks of all matter.
Visibility
Some particles, like dust, 
are large enough for us to 
see with the naked eye.
Microscopic Nature
Most particles are much too small for us to see without 
powerful microscopes.
The concept of particles helps us understand the fundamental nature 
of matter. Everything around us, from the air we breathe to the objects 
we touch, consists of these tiny building blocks arranged in different 
ways.
The particle model of matter
Spacing
The particles have spaces between them. When these spaces are 
small, the particles are held close together.
Movement
The particles are always moving, even though we can't see them move 
with our eyes.
State Determination
The amount of movement of the particles determines whether the 
substance is a solid, liquid or gas.
The particle model helps scientists explain the properties of different states of 
matter. This model describes how particles are arranged and how they move 
in solids, liquids, and gases, providing a framework for understanding physical 
changes in materials.