Page 1
M a t e r i a l s
Page 2
M a t e r i a l s
Materials, substances and particles
Materials
Objects can be made of different
types of materials. For example, a
school desk can be made of wood and
metal. All materials are made of matter
- everything around us.
Substances
A substance is a pure type of solid,
liquid or gas. It is not a mixture. Most
materials are mixtures of different
substances.
Examples
Salt is a solid substance. Pure water is
a liquid substance. Oxygen is a
substance that is a gas.
Materials are specific types of matter with distinct properties. While most materials we encounter daily are mixtures, substances
represent pure forms of solids, liquids, or gases that cannot be separated into different components through physical means.
Page 3
M a t e r i a l s
Materials, substances and particles
Materials
Objects can be made of different
types of materials. For example, a
school desk can be made of wood and
metal. All materials are made of matter
- everything around us.
Substances
A substance is a pure type of solid,
liquid or gas. It is not a mixture. Most
materials are mixtures of different
substances.
Examples
Salt is a solid substance. Pure water is
a liquid substance. Oxygen is a
substance that is a gas.
Materials are specific types of matter with distinct properties. While most materials we encounter daily are mixtures, substances
represent pure forms of solids, liquids, or gases that cannot be separated into different components through physical means.
Glass is a material
Composition
Glass is made by mixing sand with
substances such as soda ash and
limestone.
When heated together, these
ingredients form a clear liquid glass
that can be shaped as needed.
Properties
The liquid glass hardens when it
cools, creating a solid, transparent
material.
This versatile material can be formed
into various shapes before it
solidifies.
Applications
Glass is used to make window
panes, bottles, light bulbs, and many
other everyday objects.
Its transparency and durability make
it ideal for these applications.
Page 4
M a t e r i a l s
Materials, substances and particles
Materials
Objects can be made of different
types of materials. For example, a
school desk can be made of wood and
metal. All materials are made of matter
- everything around us.
Substances
A substance is a pure type of solid,
liquid or gas. It is not a mixture. Most
materials are mixtures of different
substances.
Examples
Salt is a solid substance. Pure water is
a liquid substance. Oxygen is a
substance that is a gas.
Materials are specific types of matter with distinct properties. While most materials we encounter daily are mixtures, substances
represent pure forms of solids, liquids, or gases that cannot be separated into different components through physical means.
Glass is a material
Composition
Glass is made by mixing sand with
substances such as soda ash and
limestone.
When heated together, these
ingredients form a clear liquid glass
that can be shaped as needed.
Properties
The liquid glass hardens when it
cools, creating a solid, transparent
material.
This versatile material can be formed
into various shapes before it
solidifies.
Applications
Glass is used to make window
panes, bottles, light bulbs, and many
other everyday objects.
Its transparency and durability make
it ideal for these applications.
All matter is made up of
particles
Definition
A particle is a very small
part or bit of something.
These are the building
blocks of all matter.
Visibility
Some particles, like dust,
are large enough for us to
see with the naked eye.
Microscopic Nature
Most particles are much too small for us to see without
powerful microscopes.
The concept of particles helps us understand the fundamental nature
of matter. Everything around us, from the air we breathe to the objects
we touch, consists of these tiny building blocks arranged in different
ways.
Page 5
M a t e r i a l s
Materials, substances and particles
Materials
Objects can be made of different
types of materials. For example, a
school desk can be made of wood and
metal. All materials are made of matter
- everything around us.
Substances
A substance is a pure type of solid,
liquid or gas. It is not a mixture. Most
materials are mixtures of different
substances.
Examples
Salt is a solid substance. Pure water is
a liquid substance. Oxygen is a
substance that is a gas.
Materials are specific types of matter with distinct properties. While most materials we encounter daily are mixtures, substances
represent pure forms of solids, liquids, or gases that cannot be separated into different components through physical means.
Glass is a material
Composition
Glass is made by mixing sand with
substances such as soda ash and
limestone.
When heated together, these
ingredients form a clear liquid glass
that can be shaped as needed.
Properties
The liquid glass hardens when it
cools, creating a solid, transparent
material.
This versatile material can be formed
into various shapes before it
solidifies.
Applications
Glass is used to make window
panes, bottles, light bulbs, and many
other everyday objects.
Its transparency and durability make
it ideal for these applications.
All matter is made up of
particles
Definition
A particle is a very small
part or bit of something.
These are the building
blocks of all matter.
Visibility
Some particles, like dust,
are large enough for us to
see with the naked eye.
Microscopic Nature
Most particles are much too small for us to see without
powerful microscopes.
The concept of particles helps us understand the fundamental nature
of matter. Everything around us, from the air we breathe to the objects
we touch, consists of these tiny building blocks arranged in different
ways.
The particle model of matter
Spacing
The particles have spaces between them. When these spaces are
small, the particles are held close together.
Movement
The particles are always moving, even though we can't see them move
with our eyes.
State Determination
The amount of movement of the particles determines whether the
substance is a solid, liquid or gas.
The particle model helps scientists explain the properties of different states of
matter. This model describes how particles are arranged and how they move
in solids, liquids, and gases, providing a framework for understanding physical
changes in materials.
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