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TOPIC
Page 2


TOPIC
Planning is deciding in advance what to 
do, how to do it, when to do it and who 
to do it. It involves anticipating the future 
and conciously
Choosing the future course of action.
“According to Haimann, Planning is the 
function that determines in advance 
what should be done.”
Page 3


TOPIC
Planning is deciding in advance what to 
do, how to do it, when to do it and who 
to do it. It involves anticipating the future 
and conciously
Choosing the future course of action.
“According to Haimann, Planning is the 
function that determines in advance 
what should be done.”
? Planning is goal-oriented
? Planning is a primary function
? Planning is all-pervasive
? Planning is a continuous process
? Planning is forward-looking
? Planning involves choice
? Planning is directed toword efficiency
Page 4


TOPIC
Planning is deciding in advance what to 
do, how to do it, when to do it and who 
to do it. It involves anticipating the future 
and conciously
Choosing the future course of action.
“According to Haimann, Planning is the 
function that determines in advance 
what should be done.”
? Planning is goal-oriented
? Planning is a primary function
? Planning is all-pervasive
? Planning is a continuous process
? Planning is forward-looking
? Planning involves choice
? Planning is directed toword efficiency
The main step in planning proccess are as 
follow:-
Step 1- DEFINE THE TASK-
Step 2- IDENTIFY  RESOURCES-
Step 3- CONSIDER  ALTERNATIVE-
step 4- CREATE  THE  PLANNING-
Step 5- WORK THE PLAN-
Step 6- EVALUATE-
Page 5


TOPIC
Planning is deciding in advance what to 
do, how to do it, when to do it and who 
to do it. It involves anticipating the future 
and conciously
Choosing the future course of action.
“According to Haimann, Planning is the 
function that determines in advance 
what should be done.”
? Planning is goal-oriented
? Planning is a primary function
? Planning is all-pervasive
? Planning is a continuous process
? Planning is forward-looking
? Planning involves choice
? Planning is directed toword efficiency
The main step in planning proccess are as 
follow:-
Step 1- DEFINE THE TASK-
Step 2- IDENTIFY  RESOURCES-
Step 3- CONSIDER  ALTERNATIVE-
step 4- CREATE  THE  PLANNING-
Step 5- WORK THE PLAN-
Step 6- EVALUATE-
? Focuses attention on objectives and 
result
? Reduces uncertainty and risk
? Provides sense of direction
? Encourages innovation and creativity
? Helps in co-ordination 
? Guides decision-making
? Provide efficiency in operation
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FAQs on PPT - Planning - Business Studies for Grade 12

1. What is commerce planning?
Ans. Commerce planning refers to the process of strategizing and organizing the activities involved in conducting business transactions, such as buying, selling, and exchanging goods or services. It involves analyzing market trends, identifying target customers, determining pricing strategies, and managing inventory levels to maximize profitability.
2. Why is commerce planning important for businesses?
Ans. Commerce planning is vital for businesses as it helps them align their resources and strategies to achieve their goals. It enables businesses to identify market opportunities, optimize their product offerings, and establish effective distribution channels. By planning their commerce activities, businesses can improve their customer satisfaction, increase sales, and maintain a competitive advantage in the market.
3. What factors should be considered in commerce planning?
Ans. Several factors should be considered in commerce planning, including market demand, customer preferences, competition, pricing, distribution channels, and supply chain management. It is crucial to analyze the target market, understand customer needs, evaluate competitors' strategies, determine appropriate pricing models, select efficient distribution channels, and ensure a smooth flow of goods or services throughout the supply chain.
4. How can businesses effectively plan their commerce activities?
Ans. Businesses can effectively plan their commerce activities by conducting thorough market research, analyzing customer data, setting clear objectives, developing marketing strategies, and implementing efficient supply chain management systems. They should also regularly monitor and evaluate their performance, make necessary adjustments, and stay updated with the latest market trends to remain competitive and successful.
5. What are the potential challenges in commerce planning?
Ans. There are several potential challenges in commerce planning, such as changing customer preferences, market uncertainties, intense competition, supply chain disruptions, and technological advancements. Businesses need to be adaptable, flexible, and proactive in addressing these challenges. By staying informed, continuously learning, and embracing innovation, businesses can overcome obstacles and adapt their commerce planning strategies to stay ahead in the market.
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