PPT: Reshaping India's Political Map | Social Science Class 8 - New NCERT PDF Download

 Page 1


Reshaping India's 
Political Map
Page 2


Reshaping India's 
Political Map
Rise and Fall of the Delhi Sultanate
1 Formation (1192)
Formed after the defeat of King 
Prithviraj Chauhan, who ruled 
over parts of northwestern India
2 Five Dynasties
The Mamluks (Slave dynasty), 
the Khiljis, the Tughlaqs, the 
Sayyids, and the Lodis - all of 
Turkic-Afghan origin
3 Political Instability
Marked by violent successions - 
almost two sultans out of three 
seized power by eliminating 
their predecessor
4 Decline
Territory shrank considerably in 
the face of increasing resistance 
from other states and kingdoms 
within India
Page 3


Reshaping India's 
Political Map
Rise and Fall of the Delhi Sultanate
1 Formation (1192)
Formed after the defeat of King 
Prithviraj Chauhan, who ruled 
over parts of northwestern India
2 Five Dynasties
The Mamluks (Slave dynasty), 
the Khiljis, the Tughlaqs, the 
Sayyids, and the Lodis - all of 
Turkic-Afghan origin
3 Political Instability
Marked by violent successions - 
almost two sultans out of three 
seized power by eliminating 
their predecessor
4 Decline
Territory shrank considerably in 
the face of increasing resistance 
from other states and kingdoms 
within India
Ala-ud-din Khilji's Campaigns
Expansive Military Campaigns
In the 14th century, Ala-ud-din Khilji led 
campaigns across India. His forces sacked 
cities and repelled Mongols. Through Malik 
Kafur, Khilji also expanded south, attacking 
Hindu centers.
The 'Second Alexander' Coin
Ala-ud-din Khilji styled himself as 'the second 
Alexander', reflecting his military ambition and 
conquests.
Page 4


Reshaping India's 
Political Map
Rise and Fall of the Delhi Sultanate
1 Formation (1192)
Formed after the defeat of King 
Prithviraj Chauhan, who ruled 
over parts of northwestern India
2 Five Dynasties
The Mamluks (Slave dynasty), 
the Khiljis, the Tughlaqs, the 
Sayyids, and the Lodis - all of 
Turkic-Afghan origin
3 Political Instability
Marked by violent successions - 
almost two sultans out of three 
seized power by eliminating 
their predecessor
4 Decline
Territory shrank considerably in 
the face of increasing resistance 
from other states and kingdoms 
within India
Ala-ud-din Khilji's Campaigns
Expansive Military Campaigns
In the 14th century, Ala-ud-din Khilji led 
campaigns across India. His forces sacked 
cities and repelled Mongols. Through Malik 
Kafur, Khilji also expanded south, attacking 
Hindu centers.
The 'Second Alexander' Coin
Ala-ud-din Khilji styled himself as 'the second 
Alexander', reflecting his military ambition and 
conquests.
Muhammad bin Tughlaq's Reign
Territorial Expansion
For the first time since the 
Mauryan Empire, most of the 
Subcontinent was under one 
ruler
Capital Relocation
Moved his capital from Delhi 
to Daulatabad (then called 
'Devagiri') and later back to 
Delhi, resulting in great loss 
of life
Token Currency
Introduced copper coins 
with the value of silver or 
gold coins, creating 
confusion in trade and 
encouraging counterfeiting
Page 5


Reshaping India's 
Political Map
Rise and Fall of the Delhi Sultanate
1 Formation (1192)
Formed after the defeat of King 
Prithviraj Chauhan, who ruled 
over parts of northwestern India
2 Five Dynasties
The Mamluks (Slave dynasty), 
the Khiljis, the Tughlaqs, the 
Sayyids, and the Lodis - all of 
Turkic-Afghan origin
3 Political Instability
Marked by violent successions - 
almost two sultans out of three 
seized power by eliminating 
their predecessor
4 Decline
Territory shrank considerably in 
the face of increasing resistance 
from other states and kingdoms 
within India
Ala-ud-din Khilji's Campaigns
Expansive Military Campaigns
In the 14th century, Ala-ud-din Khilji led 
campaigns across India. His forces sacked 
cities and repelled Mongols. Through Malik 
Kafur, Khilji also expanded south, attacking 
Hindu centers.
The 'Second Alexander' Coin
Ala-ud-din Khilji styled himself as 'the second 
Alexander', reflecting his military ambition and 
conquests.
Muhammad bin Tughlaq's Reign
Territorial Expansion
For the first time since the 
Mauryan Empire, most of the 
Subcontinent was under one 
ruler
Capital Relocation
Moved his capital from Delhi 
to Daulatabad (then called 
'Devagiri') and later back to 
Delhi, resulting in great loss 
of life
Token Currency
Introduced copper coins 
with the value of silver or 
gold coins, creating 
confusion in trade and 
encouraging counterfeiting
Impact of the Delhi Sultanate
Wealth and Luxury
Sultans and court elite lived in luxurious palaces, 
enjoying elaborate clothing, jeweled ornaments, 
and fine food
Sources of Wealth
Plunder from military campaigns
Taxes levied on common people
Taxes from conquered regions
Engagement in slave trade
Religious Impact
Numerous attacks on sacred images in Buddhist, 
Jain, and Hindu temples
Jizya Tax
Tax imposed on non-Muslim subjects to grant 
them protection and exemption from military 
service
Timur's Invasion
At the end of the 14th century, Timur's 
devastating attack on Delhi left the city in ruins