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Page 1 SOAP & DETERGENT Nur Syahirah Abdul Karim Groups’ 5ST2 2014 Page 2 SOAP & DETERGENT Nur Syahirah Abdul Karim Groups’ 5ST2 2014 INTRODUCTION THE MEANING OF SOAP AND DETERGENT PREPARATION OF SOAP AND DETERGENT CLEANSING ACTION OF SOAP AND DETERGENT EFFECTIVENESS OF THE CLEANSING ACTION OF SOAP AND DETERGENT Page 3 SOAP & DETERGENT Nur Syahirah Abdul Karim Groups’ 5ST2 2014 INTRODUCTION THE MEANING OF SOAP AND DETERGENT PREPARATION OF SOAP AND DETERGENT CLEANSING ACTION OF SOAP AND DETERGENT EFFECTIVENESS OF THE CLEANSING ACTION OF SOAP AND DETERGENT SOAP IS THE SALT FORMED WHEN A FATTY ACID IS NEUTRALISED BY AN ALKALI Page 4 SOAP & DETERGENT Nur Syahirah Abdul Karim Groups’ 5ST2 2014 INTRODUCTION THE MEANING OF SOAP AND DETERGENT PREPARATION OF SOAP AND DETERGENT CLEANSING ACTION OF SOAP AND DETERGENT EFFECTIVENESS OF THE CLEANSING ACTION OF SOAP AND DETERGENT SOAP IS THE SALT FORMED WHEN A FATTY ACID IS NEUTRALISED BY AN ALKALI SOAP IS A SODIUM SALT IF THE ALKALI USED IS SODIUM HYDROXIDE SOAP IS A POTASSIUM SALT IF THE ALKALI USED IS POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE THE GENERAL FORMULA- RCOONa or RCOOK EXAMPLE OF SOAP- 1) SODIUM PALMITATE, CH3(CH2)14COOH-Na+ 2) SODIUM STEARATE, CH3(CH2)16COOH-Na+ 3) SODIUM LAURATE, CH3(CH2)10COOH-Na+ Page 5 SOAP & DETERGENT Nur Syahirah Abdul Karim Groups’ 5ST2 2014 INTRODUCTION THE MEANING OF SOAP AND DETERGENT PREPARATION OF SOAP AND DETERGENT CLEANSING ACTION OF SOAP AND DETERGENT EFFECTIVENESS OF THE CLEANSING ACTION OF SOAP AND DETERGENT SOAP IS THE SALT FORMED WHEN A FATTY ACID IS NEUTRALISED BY AN ALKALI SOAP IS A SODIUM SALT IF THE ALKALI USED IS SODIUM HYDROXIDE SOAP IS A POTASSIUM SALT IF THE ALKALI USED IS POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE THE GENERAL FORMULA- RCOONa or RCOOK EXAMPLE OF SOAP- 1) SODIUM PALMITATE, CH3(CH2)14COOH-Na+ 2) SODIUM STEARATE, CH3(CH2)16COOH-Na+ 3) SODIUM LAURATE, CH3(CH2)10COOH-Na+ FORMED FROM NEUTRALIZATION BETWEEN: FATTY ACID + ALKALI FOR EXAMPLE: SODIUM PALMITATE CH3(CH2)14COOH + NaOH CH3(CH)14COONa + H2O PALMITIC ACID SODIUM HYDROXIDE SODIUM PALMITATE SOAPRead More
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FAQs on PPT - Soap and Detergent - Chemical Technology - Chemical Engineering
| 1. What are the key differences between soap and detergent? |  |
Ans. Soap and detergent are both used for cleaning purposes, but they have some differences. Soap is made from natural fats and oils, while detergents are typically synthetic compounds. Soap is biodegradable and environmentally friendly, whereas some detergents may contain substances harmful to the environment. Additionally, soap is less effective in hard water, while detergents can still work well in hard water.
| 2. How do soaps and detergents remove dirt and oil from surfaces? | |
Ans. Soaps and detergents have the ability to remove dirt and oil due to their surfactant properties. Surfactants have a hydrophilic (water-attracting) head and a hydrophobic (water-repelling) tail. When mixed with water, the hydrophilic heads surround the dirt or oil particles, while the hydrophobic tails stick to the oil or dirt. This allows the dirt or oil to be easily washed away when rinsed with water.
| 3. Are soaps and detergents equally effective in all water types? | |
Ans. Soaps and detergents perform differently in different water types. Soaps are less effective in hard water, which contains high levels of minerals such as calcium and magnesium. These minerals react with the soap, forming insoluble precipitates called soap scum. Detergents, on the other hand, can still work well in hard water as they do not react with the minerals.
| 4. Are there any environmental concerns associated with the production of soaps and detergents? | |
Ans. The production of soaps and detergents can have environmental concerns. Some detergents may contain phosphates, which can contribute to water pollution and harm aquatic life. However, there are also eco-friendly alternatives available, such as phosphate-free detergents and biodegradable soaps, which minimize the environmental impact.
| 5. Can soaps and detergents be used interchangeably for all cleaning purposes? | |
Ans. Soaps and detergents may not always be interchangeable for all cleaning purposes. Soaps are more suitable for personal care products, such as handwashing or bathing, as they are milder and less likely to cause skin irritation. Detergents, on the other hand, are often used for household cleaning and laundry, as they are more effective in removing tough stains and dirt.
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