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Solution of Thermodynamics
Chemical Engineering
Thermodynamics
Page 2


Solution of Thermodynamics
Chemical Engineering
Thermodynamics
9.1 Fundamental Property Relation
9.2 The Chemical Potential and Phase Equilibria
9.3 Partial Properties of Solution
9.4 Ideal Gas Mixture
9.5 Fugacity and Fugacity Coefficient: Pure
Species and Species in Mixture/Solution
9.6 Fugacity Coefficient of Gas Mixture from the
Virial Equation of State
9.7 Ideal Solution and Excess Properties
9.8 Liquid Phase Properties from VLE data
9.9 Property Changes of Mixing
9.10 Heat Effects of Mixing Process
Chapter Outline
Page 3


Solution of Thermodynamics
Chemical Engineering
Thermodynamics
9.1 Fundamental Property Relation
9.2 The Chemical Potential and Phase Equilibria
9.3 Partial Properties of Solution
9.4 Ideal Gas Mixture
9.5 Fugacity and Fugacity Coefficient: Pure
Species and Species in Mixture/Solution
9.6 Fugacity Coefficient of Gas Mixture from the
Virial Equation of State
9.7 Ideal Solution and Excess Properties
9.8 Liquid Phase Properties from VLE data
9.9 Property Changes of Mixing
9.10 Heat Effects of Mixing Process
Chapter Outline
Multi-component gases and liquids commonly
undergoes composition changes by separation
and mixing processes.
This chapter gives the thermodynamics
applications of both gas mixtures and liquid
solutions.
Page 4


Solution of Thermodynamics
Chemical Engineering
Thermodynamics
9.1 Fundamental Property Relation
9.2 The Chemical Potential and Phase Equilibria
9.3 Partial Properties of Solution
9.4 Ideal Gas Mixture
9.5 Fugacity and Fugacity Coefficient: Pure
Species and Species in Mixture/Solution
9.6 Fugacity Coefficient of Gas Mixture from the
Virial Equation of State
9.7 Ideal Solution and Excess Properties
9.8 Liquid Phase Properties from VLE data
9.9 Property Changes of Mixing
9.10 Heat Effects of Mixing Process
Chapter Outline
Multi-component gases and liquids commonly
undergoes composition changes by separation
and mixing processes.
This chapter gives the thermodynamics
applications of both gas mixtures and liquid
solutions.
9.1 Fundamental Property Relation
The definition of the chemical potential of
species i in the mixture of any closed system:
( )
j
n T P
i
i
n
nG
, ,
ú
û
ù
ê
ë
é
¶
¶
º m
the Gibbs energy which is the function
of  temperature, pressure and number of moles
of the chemical species present.
Page 5


Solution of Thermodynamics
Chemical Engineering
Thermodynamics
9.1 Fundamental Property Relation
9.2 The Chemical Potential and Phase Equilibria
9.3 Partial Properties of Solution
9.4 Ideal Gas Mixture
9.5 Fugacity and Fugacity Coefficient: Pure
Species and Species in Mixture/Solution
9.6 Fugacity Coefficient of Gas Mixture from the
Virial Equation of State
9.7 Ideal Solution and Excess Properties
9.8 Liquid Phase Properties from VLE data
9.9 Property Changes of Mixing
9.10 Heat Effects of Mixing Process
Chapter Outline
Multi-component gases and liquids commonly
undergoes composition changes by separation
and mixing processes.
This chapter gives the thermodynamics
applications of both gas mixtures and liquid
solutions.
9.1 Fundamental Property Relation
The definition of the chemical potential of
species i in the mixture of any closed system:
( )
j
n T P
i
i
n
nG
, ,
ú
û
ù
ê
ë
é
¶
¶
º m
the Gibbs energy which is the function
of  temperature, pressure and number of moles
of the chemical species present.
9.2 The Chemical Potential and Phase
Equilibria
For a closed system consists of 2 phase in
equilibrium, the mass transfer between phases
may occur.
At the same P and T, the chemical potential of
each species of multiple phases in equilibrium
is the same for all species.
p b a
m m m
i i i
= = = .......
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FAQs on PPT - Solution of Thermodynamics - Additional Documents & Tests for Civil Engineering (CE)

1. What is thermodynamics in civil engineering?
Ans. Thermodynamics in civil engineering is the study of how energy is transferred and transformed within a system, specifically focusing on the principles of heat and work. It plays a crucial role in the design and analysis of various civil engineering systems such as HVAC systems, thermal insulation, and energy-efficient building designs.
2. How does thermodynamics affect civil engineering projects?
Ans. Thermodynamics greatly influences civil engineering projects as it helps in understanding the behavior of materials and their thermal properties. It enables engineers to design efficient heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems, optimize energy consumption in buildings, and ensure the stability and durability of structures in different thermal environments.
3. What are the main laws of thermodynamics relevant to civil engineering?
Ans. The main laws of thermodynamics relevant to civil engineering are: 1. The first law of thermodynamics (law of energy conservation): It states that energy cannot be created or destroyed in an isolated system, only transformed from one form to another. This law is essential in analyzing heat transfer and energy conversion in civil engineering systems. 2. The second law of thermodynamics: It deals with the direction of heat flow and states that heat naturally flows from a hotter object to a colder object. This law is crucial in understanding heat transfer mechanisms and designing efficient thermal systems.
4. How is thermodynamics used in HVAC systems in civil engineering?
Ans. Thermodynamics is extensively used in HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) systems in civil engineering. It helps in designing HVAC systems to maintain comfortable indoor temperatures, control humidity levels, and ensure proper air distribution. Thermodynamics principles are applied to calculate heat loads, determine ventilation requirements, and optimize energy efficiency in HVAC systems.
5. What are the challenges faced by civil engineers in applying thermodynamics principles?
Ans. Civil engineers face several challenges in applying thermodynamics principles, including: 1. Complex boundary conditions: Civil engineering projects often involve complex boundary conditions, such as variable external temperatures, heat exchanges with the environment, and non-uniform thermal properties of materials. Engineers must accurately analyze and model these conditions to ensure reliable and efficient designs. 2. Integration with other disciplines: Thermodynamics principles need to be integrated with other engineering disciplines like structural engineering, materials science, and environmental engineering. Coordinating these disciplines and their respective requirements can pose challenges in implementing thermodynamics solutions. 3. Environmental sustainability: With the increasing focus on environmental sustainability, civil engineers need to balance thermodynamics principles with energy-efficient designs and renewable energy sources. This requires considering factors like carbon emissions, energy conservation, and lifecycle assessments while applying thermodynamics concepts in civil engineering projects.
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