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GATE Past Year Questions: Heat Pumps & Cycles | Thermodynamics - Mechanical Engineering PDF Download

Q1: In a vapour compression refrigeration cycle, the refrigerant enters the compressor in saturated vapour state at evaporator pressure, with specific enthalpy equal to 250 kJ/kg. The exit of the compressor is superheated at condenser pressure with specific enthalpy equal to 300 kJ/kg. At the condenser exit, the refrigerant is throttled to the evaporator pressure. The coefficient of performance (COP) of the cycle is 3. If the specific enthalpy of the saturated liquid at evaporator pressure is 50 kJ/kg, then the dryness fraction of the refrigerant at entry to evaporator is ____  [GATE ME 2022 SET-2]
(a) 0.2
(b) 0.25
(c) 0.3
(d) 0.35
Ans: (b)
Given data,
Saturated vapour refrigerant enters to compressor COP = 3
GATE Past Year Questions: Heat Pumps & Cycles | Thermodynamics - Mechanical EngineeringSpecific liquid enthalpy of refrigerant corresponding to evaporator pressure GATE Past Year Questions: Heat Pumps & Cycles | Thermodynamics - Mechanical Engineering

Dryness fraction of refrigerant of entry to evaporator (x4) = ?

GATE Past Year Questions: Heat Pumps & Cycles | Thermodynamics - Mechanical Engineering
h4 = 100 kJ/kg
GATE Past Year Questions: Heat Pumps & Cycles | Thermodynamics - Mechanical Engineering
⇒ hfg = 250 - 50 = 200 kJ/kg
100 = 50 + x4 x 200
⇒ x4 = 0.25

Q1: Superheated steam at 1500 kPa, has a specific volume of 2.75 m3/kmol and compressibility factor (Z) of 0.95. The temperature of steam is ºC (round off to the nearest integer). [GATE ME 2021 SET-1]
(a) 522
(b) 471
(c) 249
(d) 198
Ans: (c)
P = 1500 kPa
V = 2.75 m3/k−mol
Z = 0.95
GATE Past Year Questions: Heat Pumps & Cycles | Thermodynamics - Mechanical Engineering
1500 KPa x 2.75 m3/K - mol = 0.95 x 8.314 kJ/K - molK x T
T = 522.26 K
T = 522.26 - 273 = 249.26ºC

Question for GATE Past Year Questions: Heat Pumps & Cycles
Try yourself:Clearance volume of a reciprocating compressor is 100 ml, and the volume of the cylinder at bottom dead centre is 1.0 litre. The clearance ratio of the compressor is

[1997]

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Question for GATE Past Year Questions: Heat Pumps & Cycles
Try yourself:An industrial heat pump operates between the temperatures of 27°C and -13°C. The rates of heat addition and heat rejection are 750 W and 1000 W, respectively. The COP for the heat pump is

[2003]

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Question for GATE Past Year Questions: Heat Pumps & Cycles
Try yourself:A vapour absorption refrigeration system is a heat pump with three thermal reservoirs as shown in the figure. A refrigeration effect of 100 W is required at 250 K when the heat source available is at 400 K. Heat rejection occurs at 300 K. The minimum value of heat required (in W) is
GATE Past Year Questions: Heat Pumps & Cycles | Thermodynamics - Mechanical Engineering

[2005]

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Question for GATE Past Year Questions: Heat Pumps & Cycles
Try yourself:The thermodynamic cycle shown in figure (T-s diagram) indicates
GATE Past Year Questions: Heat Pumps & Cycles | Thermodynamics - Mechanical Engineering

[2015]

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Question for GATE Past Year Questions: Heat Pumps & Cycles
Try yourself:A heat engine having an efficiency of 70% is used to drive a refrigerator having a coefficient of performance of 5. The energy absorbed from low temperature reservoir by the refrigerator for each kJ of energy absorbed from high temperature source by the engine is

[2004]

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Question for GATE Past Year Questions: Heat Pumps & Cycles
Try yourself:A thin layer of water in a field is formed after a farmer has watered it. The ambient air conditions are: temp. 20°C and relative humidity 5%. An extract of steam tables is given below.
GATE Past Year Questions: Heat Pumps & Cycles | Thermodynamics - Mechanical Engineering
Neglecting the heat transfer between the water and the ground, the water temperature in the field after phase equilibrium is reached equals

[2006]

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FAQs on GATE Past Year Questions: Heat Pumps & Cycles - Thermodynamics - Mechanical Engineering

1. What is a heat pump and how does it work?
Ans. A heat pump is a device that transfers heat from a lower temperature source to a higher temperature sink, effectively moving heat against its natural flow. It operates on the principle of refrigeration cycles, using a refrigerant that absorbs heat from the environment (such as air or ground) and releases it indoors. The cycle involves four main processes: evaporation, compression, condensation, and expansion.
2. What are the main applications of heat pumps in mechanical engineering?
Ans. Heat pumps are widely used in mechanical engineering for various applications including space heating and cooling for buildings, water heating, and industrial processes. They are also used in heat recovery systems, where waste heat from one process is utilized to provide heating for another, thus improving energy efficiency.
3. What is the difference between a heat pump and an air conditioner?
Ans. The main difference between a heat pump and an air conditioner is that a heat pump can provide both heating and cooling, while an air conditioner is designed only for cooling. A heat pump can reverse its refrigeration cycle to extract heat from the outside air during winter months, whereas an air conditioner removes heat from indoor air to cool a space.
4. What are the key performance indicators for heat pumps?
Ans. The key performance indicators for heat pumps include the Coefficient of Performance (COP) and the Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER). The COP measures the ratio of useful heating or cooling provided to the energy consumed, whereas the EER indicates the efficiency of the cooling process. A higher COP or EER indicates better performance and energy efficiency.
5. What factors should be considered when selecting a heat pump for a specific application?
Ans. When selecting a heat pump, several factors should be considered, including the climate of the location, the heating and cooling load requirements of the space, the type of refrigerant used, the efficiency ratings (COP and EER), installation space, maintenance requirements, and the overall cost of the system. Additionally, the environmental impact of the refrigerant and the long-term energy savings should also be taken into account.
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