Physical Education Answer Key Set 14 (Q1-Q23) - Class 12 PDF Download

Q.1. Describe the different methods of warming up.
 Ans: There are various methods of warming up for games and athletics of which the following are common :
(1) By exercise. (2) By massage. (3) By taking hot water bath. (4) By taking some beverage.
(1) By  Exercise. Exercise is the simplest and the best method of warming up. We can include the following exercises in this method: (a) Jogging (b) Bending and Stretching exercises (c) Striding (d) Wind sprints.
(a) Jogging. Jogging or easy running at one’s own pace should be done first in warming up, if the space available is sufficient to do so. This will help in regulating the circulatory and the respiratory systems of the body.
This type of running should be done for three to four minutes. Such a duration should depend upon the fitness of an individual.
(b) Bending and Stretching Exercises. These exercises should include, arms, legs, shoulder and trunk exercises. Such exercises should be done for about five minutes and thereafter some forward, backward, sideward bending and trunk rotation exercises should be done to stretch the inactive muscles. Such exercises should be done slowly, without jerks, for about 5 to 10 minutes.
(c) Striding. This type of warming is useful for athletes preparing for running events. In this case, the athlete should run for about 50 meters at three fourth’s (3/4) of his running speed. He should take some time to relax and then repeat the same four to five times.
(d) Wind Sprints. Wind sprints, that is, sprinting for short distances (20-25 meters) should be done 5 to 6 times with suitable intervals in between.
The objective of all the above mentioned exercises is to prepare a player or an athlete both physically and mentally for the event to follow. Care should be taken to see that such exercises do not create any unnecessary loading on the individual. His breathing and heart rate etc. should be normal before the start of an event or game.
(2) By Massage. Massage of muscles helps the muscles to gain muscle tone and is therefore, considered as a means of warming up. These days, Masseurs accompany the teams for this purpose. Massage also helps
in reducing the effect of minor injuries to muscles.
(3) By Taking Hot Water Bath. This is an old technique used for both warming up and relaxation of muscles after competition. Before a competition, a hot bath, helps in raising body temperature and thus activating muscles by increasing blood circulation in muscles. This method is more common in countries where the weather remains cold. This method increases the efficiency of muscles.
(4) By Taking Some Beverage. A little amount of tea, coffee or some other beverage stimulates the body functions and helps in preparing the body for competition.
However, the drink should be of a limited amount only so that it may not create any discomfort.
The type of method to be adopted depends upon the facilities available, the standard of an individual and the needs of the competition. Season also plays a part in selecting or modifying a method. For example, a lighter workout is needed in  summer months than in the winter season.

Q.2. Write short notes on the forowing of basket ball?
 Ans:
1. Two count stop. A player who receives the ball while he is moving or is completing the dribble, can use the two-count rhythm or stepping to come to a stop or for getting rid of the ball.
2. Pivoting. A player holding the ball is allowed to step once or more than once in any direction with the same foot, while the other foot, which is called the pivot foot, is kept in contact with the ground during this action.
3. Progressing with the ball. Lifting of the pivot foot, before the ball leaves the hands of a player, when he starts a dribble, is   known   as progressing/travelling   or running with the ball and is a violation.
4. Held Ball.  When  two opponents simultaneously hold the ball firmly, a jump ball is declared in a game and the game is restarted by a toss of the ball at the nearest circle.
5. Ball out of bounds. The ball is considered out of bounds when the ball or a player holding the ball touches the ground outside the court. A ball going out in the air can be brought back into play and is not considered as out of bounds. A player who touches the ball last is responsible for the ball going out. An out of bound ball is brought into play again by a throw in from the side lines.
6. Three seconds rule. According to this rule, a player, while the ball is in control of his team, cannot remain or more than three seconds in the opponents restricted area. Time during tries for a goal or rebounds is not to be counted towards three seconds violation. 7. Five Seconds rule. A closely guarded player holding the ball should pass, roll, bounce or shoot the ball within five seconds. Failure to do so is a violation.
8. Eight seconds rule. After receiving the ball in the back court, a team must take it to their front court within eight seconds. Failure to do so is a violation of the eight seconds rule.

Q. 3. Explain the following terminology of Hockey in 20 words each. (1) Striking Circle Shooting Circle (2) Free hit (3) Dribble  (4) Dodge   (5) Tackling (6) Through pass  (7) under cutting  (8) Face of the stick  (9) Scoop  (10) Flick  (11) Lunge stroke (12) Jab stroke (13) Short corner (14) Melee (15) Penalty.
 Ans :
 1. Striking Circle or Shooting Circle. It is the area enclosed by two arcs drawn with the goal posts as centers and a line four yards long drawn parallel to the goal  line, joining the ends of the two arcs. This area is called a striking circle but is not a circle. It is “D” shaped. Sometimes it is also called a “D”.
2. Free hit. Is an, unhindered hit of the ball. the time a free hit is taken, none of the players of the opposing team shall stand within five yards of the ball.
3. Dribble. It means progressing or running with ball by making gentle strikes on the ball with the flat face of the stick. 4. Dodge. To get rid of an opponent by  fake movements is called dodging.
5. Tackling. Trying to take possession of the ball from the control of an opponent.
6. Through pass. It is a pass by an attacker, that passes through the defenders and is collected by a team-mate of the attacker by running fast in the direction of the ball.
7. Undercutting. Hitting the ball with over curved portion of the stick is termed as undercutting.
8. Face of the stick. The flat portion of the blade of the stick meant for playing is called the face of a stick.
9. Scoop. Is a stroke in which the ball is lifted up with the flat portion of the hockey blade. This
stroke is played for avoiding interception of the ball by an opponent. 10. Flick. A stroke executed with the jerking action of the wrists. 11. Lunge stroke. This is a str oke executed by holding the stick in one hand and trying to clear the ball by lunging forward.
12. Jab stroke. A stroke played by keeping the stick in front in a “J” like position with face of the stick facing upwards. In this case the ball is tapped with the blade of the stick by extending the arm and lunging forward.
13. Short corner. This is  another name for a-penalty corner which is a push or hit from a spot on the back line or goal line, not less than 10 yards from the goal post.
14. Melee. A fight or scramble for possession of the ball by a number of players (Generally inside the striking circle).
15. Penalty shoot out. When a game is drawn after normal playing time and two jextra periods of 10 minutes each, then five penalty strokes may be given to each team to break the tie. This method of breaking the tie is called a penalty shoot out.

Q.4. Discuss the different rules and foul offenses in football.
 Ans. Important Rules of Football :
1. The team who wins the toss among the captains of the two teams starts the match.
2. The teams change sides after the interval.
3. When the Ball will cross the Goal line with its full weight, in between the Poles, under the cross Bar whether in the air or on the ground then it is called a goal.
4. Violation of any rule results in a free kick to the opponents. The free kick is of two types – (a) Direct kick (b) Indirect kick.
5. If a player breaks the rules of the game or misbehaves, the opponents are given a free kick.
6. No player is allowed to play off side.
Main Rules of the Offside– None of the players is considered in an off side position in their own half of the field.
2. A player is in an off side position when at least two opponents are not near the goal line.
3. When the ball touches a player or he is the last one to play it.
4. If a player takes a cross ball, a ball kicked from the goal, throw in or a ball thrown by a referee.
Violation of the above results in a free kick for the other team.
Fouls Offences– If a player indulges in the following it is considered as a foul or an offence and a free kick is given to other team :–
1. Kicks or tries to kick an opponent.
2. Traps an opponent by obstructing him with a leg.
3. Jumps at an opponent.
4.Makes a dangerous, violent attack on an opponent.
5. Attacks a player from behind. 6. Injures or tries to injure an opponent.
7. Catches an opponent.
8. Pushes an opponent.
9. Touches the hair or brings these forward or changes with the hand or the arm.
10. Plays a delivery in a dangerous manner.
11. Changes the opponents when not within playing distance of the ball.
12. Intentionally obstructs an opponent.
13. Attacks the goal keeper.
If a player of the defending teams makes any offence on the field, a penalty kick is given to the offending team.:

Q.5 Give short information on the following Lawn Tennis terms.
 Ans. 1. Deuce: A score called when both the players have won 3 points each, called instead of ‘40 all’.
2. Ace: A valid service so fast or so wide of the receiver that he fails to make contact.
3. Advantage : Of a player who wins the point just after a deuce.
4. Let A call Which denotes replay especially when a service touches the net but is otherwise valid.
5. Tie-break: A sudden death made up of two services to each player in case of a 6-game all set.
6. Foot Fault: A fault when the server touches the baseline with his foot before he hits the ball.
7. Double fault: When a server serve two consecutive faulty services for a point, he loses a point.
8. Back court: The part of the court between the base line and the service lines.
9. Flat: The face of the racket is square on to the direction the ball is to travel.
10. Ground stroke: When the ball is hit after it has bounced once.

Q.6. What are the causes of Fatigue?
 Ans. Several causes of fatigue have been mentioned.
According to one theory the cause of fatigue in muscles is the reduction of nutrients in the blood supply and the accumulation of waste products of chemical reactions in muscle of which Lactic Acid is the main factor. Another view is that general fatigue that reduces the power of voluntary muscles is due largely to the functioning of the central nervous system. This may be true because skilled activity of muscles is the first thing to suffer as an
individual becomes fatigued. The nerve fibres are said to be untiring or nonfatiguable. Therefore, the cause could be the neuro-muscular functions or the synapses along the nerves. It is therefore, thought that fatigue appears first in synapse and then in the muscle. Whatever be the cause, muscles get fatigued. The onset of fatigue is felt by an individual himself but sometimes its effect can be noticed by others also. Therefore, the symptoms of fatigue are classified into two categories :
1. Internal  2. External
1. Internal symptoms are noticed by the person engaged in an activity. These are mostly of the mental type and are seldom noticed by others around him. (
i) Feeling of inability to continue the activity develops.
(ii) His confidence in himself disappears.
(iii) Individual loses interest in the activity.
(iv) Muscular pain or stiffness is felt in the muscles.
2. External symptoms are not only experienced by the person during an activity but are also noticed by others. These are :
(i) Because of losing interest in the activity, the individual’s concentration is lost and he starts looking here and there.
(ii) His movements start losing the skill or grace in them.
(iii) He starts making mistakes in performance, for example, falling from the beam while doing gymnastics, because of the loss of the sense of timing.
(iv) A person begins to sweat profusely and signs of worry appear on his forehead.
(v) He starts wasting time to gain time for some recovery.
(vi) His behaviour becomes quarrelsome.
(vii) The individual develops pain, stiffness, soreness or lameness in some body parts.

Q.7. What are the harmful effects of Smoking?
 Ans.
(a) Regular and heavy smoking increases the heart rate which leads to palpitation of heart.
(b) Heavy smoking is the major factor causing lung cancer, cancer of the mouth and tongue.
(c) Smoking habit leads to chronic Bronchitis.
(d) Cigarette smoking is a leading risk factor for cancer of Oesophagus, Stomach, Pancreas and the Cervix.
(e) Cigarette smoking by pregnant women has a harmful effect on the foetus in the womb.
(f) Smoking may also cause coronary artery disease.

Q.8. How many chances will be provided to select 12 best jumpers?
 Ans. 3 chances to each jumper.

Q.9. If a jumper leaves a mark on plasticine, will it be a foul?
 Ans. Yes, it will be a foul.

Q.10. Mention the styles which are used in long jump.
 Ans. (i) Hitch Kick style (if) Hanging style (Hi) Sail style.

Q.11. What is the angle and height of plasticine?
 Ans. The angle of plasticine is of 30 degree and height 7 mm in comparison to take-off board.

Q.12. How much time is given to jumper to complete the jump?
 Ans. 90 seconds

Q.13. How many best jumpers are selected, if the number of jumpers is more than 12?
 Ans. 12 best jumpers.

Q.14. How many chances are given if there are 12 jumpers?
 Ans. 6 chances to each jumper.

Q.15. How many chances will be provided to select 12 best jumpers?
 Ans. 3 chances to each jumper.

Q.16. If a jumper leaves a mark on plasticine, will be it a foul?
 Ans. Yes, it will be a foul.

Q.17. Name the famous triple jumpers.
 Ans. Victor Sanaye, Joyo-de-Olveira. Willie Banks, A. Joyner, Mohinder Singh Gill. Suresh Babu.

Q.18. Can the goalkeeper of defending team move his feet at the time of penalty kick?
 Ans. Yes, he can move here and there but, earlier it was not allowed.

Q.19. What are the basic skills of football?
 Ans. Kicking, stopping, heading, tackling, passing, dribbling and goalkeeping.

Q.20. What are trophies and cups that are related to the game of football?
 Ans. At International level. Jules Rimet Trophy, Nehru Gold Cup, World Cup, Merdeka CUI Colombo Cup.
At National level : Durand Cup, Santosh Memorial Trophy, Federation Cup, Subroto Cup Rovers Cup, D.C.M. Trophy, Shere Kashmir Gold Cup, I.F.A. Shield, Sir Ashutosh Mukharje Trophy etc.

Q.21. Which is called “the loose ball” in football?
 Ans. The ball, which is not under the control of any player during the game, is usually called the loose ball.

Q.22. In which formations, the football game is usually played?
 Ans. In football, on the basis of offensive and defensive tactics, there are following types of formations, that are used frequently 2-3-5, 4-2-4, 4-3-3, 4-4-2.

Q.23. At what time an advantage is used in Lawn tennis match?
 Ans. When the score remains at 40-40.  At this time advantage is given. The player, who gets advantage, will have to make 2 points consecutively.