Pollination Video Lecture | Science & Technology for UPSC CSE

welcome guys let's start our next
session for fertilization and
pollination and blanch for sscc GL that
is how does fertilization takes place in
plants and how does pollination occurs a
brief introduction about me my name is
Amin Srivastava and these are my
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as much as you can shouting well first
of all let's understand how does a what
the flowers look like far as a special
organ of flowering plant flowering plant
you know that they are angiosperms which
worse as the reproductive system and
that floor is a reproductive system how
it is built Caridad a playas compound up
or distinct Wordsworth simply means that
which world a world simply be that which
encloses when that which encloses now
the outermost world is called calyx see
these are calyx if you have a min just
do one thing whenever you just take a
this one a rose flower you'll find at
the bottom you'll find some green leaves
they are kind of enclosing the flower
right so they are known as calyx they
are also called sepals right then second
word is called coral coral are the
colorful petals these these are corrala
they are also called the petals right
then end regime and regime as the
stamens this and blossom is the male
part and that see whenever you just
encounter a commander and there is anger
always stands for meal now this is end
regime right and then the anther now see
how does all the things take place let's
say this is the let's say it's actually
the thing this is the female part this
is the female part right this this is
the ovary and this is complete that
female part you have it here
petals we are done petals and circular
colorful yes this was one more important
point
petals are colorful so that insects and
other animals can be attracted towards
them this is necessary for pollination
see how does the pollination occurs
first of all you have pollen grains here
this is the main part and this is the
female part you have the pollen grains
here now in order so in order to
pollinate in order so that the
fertilization can take place the pollen
grains from this anther should move to
on his stigma the pollen grains on
anther should move on the top of stigma
now that is called pollination process
now if they have to move from here to
here who would be doing that it could be
done by wind that means simply a wind
may blow and pollination from the
pollination which are here for pollens
are simply powder like sub simplest
pollen grains which are here may simply
jump on this place and they might create
they are there could be there would be
pollination good succeed but then it
could also be accomplished from insects
let's say for example a house flies hat
here after that as soon as I start there
the pollen grains stuck on its legs
it sticks its stick to it legs now the
polymer I and the this one our house
flight took a flight and it sat here
then so what will happen the pollen
grains which stick to its legs will be
dropped over this female part again
pollination happens right now the
question is why would a is insect visit
the flower so that is because that's the
reason why petals are colorful because
that due to that color due to be sent
agrees fragrance and the color of the
petals or the flower that's the reason
why the insects get attracted towards
these where so that's the reason of
color behind all these flowers and what
that's also the reason behind fragrance
of these flowers it is endowed upon them
by the nature now in regime we have
already done it is composed of stamens
it has a tube-like portion called
filament and a capsule structure on top
is called answer the answer produces
pollen grains which are the male gametes
we have already done this and the
produces pollen grains and they are the
male gametes now pollination are
asparagus the transfer of pollen grains
from and
- stigma is all pollen pollination we
have done this the pollen grains are
transfer from here onto the stigma and
that's what we called as pollination
self pollination many others of the same
flower transfer to this stigma for
example if this is the flower and on the
pollen grain transfer from this answer
to this stigma of the same service is
called the stigma and cross pollination
when an thought this flood passed on to
the stigma of another plot where when
answer of this urban pollen grain of
this flower and pollen grain from this
anthers passed on to the stigma of the
other flower then that's called
cross-pollination plants need to help
various agents of pollination to carry
your cross pollination like when it
could be insect it could be water also
let's say huge amount offered this one
is that you would amount of flood is
there so in floods as well the pollen
grains get carried away from the water
and they just go to another plant stem
enough another plant then by wind
insects birds and other animals they
also play a role on agent of pollination
all these things are called all these
creators have got agents of pollination
ok agents of pollination now so this is
how it happens this is a flower this is
our insect it took it just sat on the
and then pollen grains got stuck stick
on its legs and then flown to the other
half this one stamen and it dropped the
pollen grain then and there so this is
how cross pollination occurs and here is
the ovary this portion see this portion
is called ovary and here is the movie
will not in the female egg right the
female egg now the task is for example
to see pollination is complete
before fertilization pollination as you
cannot follow pollination is complete
now fertilization has to take place and
what fertilization to take place the
male gamete should now meet the female
gamete now let's understand about how
that happens see let me explain you
everything in this particular figure as
soon as the male gamete
Green settles here a tube-like structure
starts arising from this a tube-like
structure starts arising from this it
comes it goes from here to there then
all over here and then it goes to the
egg that is for you then what happens be
from here the male gamete disc slides
down it descends down it comes here and
here it meets the female egg and then
the fertilization happens where so that
was the final stage of fertilization
from coming here to here is called ask
this process here the fertilization
takes place this is the ovary right and
this is your egg okay
now now let's understand this what's
written here the fusion of the male
gamete and the female gamete is called
as fertilization when pollen settles on
the top of the stigma it germinates
reproduce a pollen tube this tube is
called as pollen tube the pollen tube
enters the ovary 3style see this is it
entered it has entered the ovary why a
style this is style this particular this
green membrane is called a style male
nuclei transferred to the ovary through
the pollen tube we have already seen
this the cell form just after
fertilization is called zygote is I got
develops into embryo and embryo develops
into seed the seed is an embryo which is
enclosed in a protective coat the ovary
is transformed into fruit now let us
understand all these four lines one by
one the cell formed just after
fertilization is called zygote that
means fertilization happened here and
after fertilization the cell that formed
you turn back as is I got now what
happened to that zygote then now that
cybot also develops into embryo an
embryo develops into see that mean the
next stage of this zygote is embryo and
the next stage of that embryo is a seed
play the seed is an embryo which is
enclosed in a protective coat now this
you can understand by that by by an
example you might have seen a mango if
you have ever eaten a mango or even if
you ever eat an apple mango will be
better for examination any fruit that
you
any food in my seed is there then you
might have seen that the seed is always
enclosed in some kind of protective
covering like for example in mango you
have very hard protective covering at
the center and when you open that the
actual seed is inside that it is very
soft in nature and a hard protective
coat is above the on covering that that
is for a mechanical support or for to
absorb all the jerks and all these
things there so that is what in
protective coat is for and the seed
develops inin Ambro and which is
controlling diseases and clothes in a
red tape code and the over he gets
transformed into pod now what is over
here this is ovary this ovary gets
transformed into ah again a fruit and
then he and hence you obtain a fruit the
fruit that you eat is basically the
ovary so that into now you have seen
that every fruit that you eat was one
supply so that this stage also offer
that's also a stage of this whenever you
when we we will study the stages of
flowering plants actually that's it
that's not in your course that's why I
have not touched that it is actually
every fruit that you eat was actually
once plot and it goes through all these
stages
to become a sloth again thank you so
much guys and if you liked the lecture
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you so much