Poverty as a Challenge - 1 Video Lecture | Social Studies (SST) Class 9

0:0:0: imagine living in a country where
0:0:2: millions of people go to bed hungry
0:0:4: every night where children are
0:0:6: malnourished and underweight and where
0:0:8: the nation ranks 107th out of 121
0:0:12: countries in the global hunger index
0:0:15: shockingly this is the reality for India
0:0:19: today in this chapter on poverty as a
0:0:22: challenge we will discuss the complex
0:0:24: nature of poverty its causes and impact
0:0:28: on individuals and communities
0:0:31: we'll explore the concept of the poverty
0:0:33: line identify vulnerable groups and
0:0:37: examine anti-poverty measures taken by
0:0:39: the government of India
0:0:41: this video will dive deep into the
0:0:44: chapter on poverty as a challenge
0:0:46: uncovering all the essential details
0:0:49: including the topics
0:0:51: what is poverty two typical cases of
0:0:54: poverty poverty is seen by social
0:0:57: scientists poverty line and poverty
0:1:1: estimates we will start by understanding
0:1:4: the concept of poverty in simple terms
0:1:7: so what is poverty poverty is a
0:1:11: difficult situation where people
0:1:12: struggle to meet basic needs like food
0:1:15: shelter and education
0:1:18: it means not having enough money for
0:1:20: proper Health Care clean water or a
0:1:23: stable job
0:1:24: people living in poverty often feel
0:1:27: helpless and may face unfair treatment
0:1:29: in various places
0:1:32: in India poverty is a big challenge to
0:1:35: be truly independent
0:1:37: to make it more clear let us examine the
0:1:40: two typical cases of poverty
0:1:42: Urban case in the rural case
0:1:46: let's first discuss the urban case Ram
0:1:49: Saran is a worker in a floor mill near
0:1:52: Ranchi jharkhand
0:1:54: he earns around
0:1:56: 1500 rupees and has to support a family
0:1:59: of six people including his elderly
0:2:2: parents
0:2:3: despite his wife and son also working
0:2:6: their combined income is not enough to
0:2:9: provide education for their children who
0:2:11: can't go to school
0:2:13: they live in a small rented house on the
0:2:16: edge of the city and the children don't
0:2:18: have enough food proper clothing shoes
0:2:21: or Access to Health Care
0:2:23: moving forward we will now try to
0:2:26: understand what is the situation with
0:2:28: the rural case
0:2:30: lakhra Singh is a poor worker who lives
0:2:33: in a small Village near meerut uttar
0:2:35: Pradesh
0:2:36: he does not have his own land and works
0:2:39: for other Farmers to earn 50 rupees
0:2:42: daily
0:2:43: sometimes he gets brains or other things
0:2:46: instead of money he cannot read or write
0:2:49: and has a big family of eight people
0:2:52: they all live in a weak heart at the end
0:2:55: of The Village
0:2:56: the family cannot go to the doctor and
0:2:59: they cannot buy new clothes soap or oil
0:3:3: as we have gone through the two examples
0:3:5: of poverty we can now move forward to
0:3:8: our next topic that is how poverty is
0:3:10: seen by social scientists
0:3:14: poverty is a complex issue that has many
0:3:17: aspects and experts use different
0:3:19: measures to study it
0:3:21: traditionally people have used income
0:3:24: and consumption levels to measure
0:3:26: poverty but now experts also consider
0:3:29: factors such as illiteracy malnutrition
0:3:32: Access to Health Care job opportunities
0:3:35: and clean water and sanitation
0:3:39: in the present scenario it is becoming
0:3:42: increasingly common to analyze poverty
0:3:45: based on social exclusion and
0:3:47: vulnerability
0:3:48: so it is important to understand these
0:3:51: two terms so what is social exclusion
0:3:54: social exclusion happens when people are
0:3:58: left out of benefits opportunities and
0:4:1: resources that others have access to
0:4:3: this can cause poverty or it can be a
0:4:7: result of poverty
0:4:8: for example in India certain castes are
0:4:12: excluded from equal opportunities
0:4:15: proceeding further let us comprehend the
0:4:18: concept of vulnerability vulnerability
0:4:21: to Poverty is when certain people or
0:4:23: communities are more likely to become or
0:4:26: remain poor in the future
0:4:28: this is because they have fewer options
0:4:30: for making a living and are at greater
0:4:32: risk during natural disasters or other
0:4:35: crises
0:4:37: for instance widows or physically
0:4:39: handicapped individuals might face
0:4:42: greater difficulties in finding
0:4:44: alternative livelihoods due to limited
0:4:46: education assets and job opportunities
0:4:51: vulnerability also means that they are
0:4:53: more likely to be affected negatively
0:4:55: than others during difficult times such
0:4:58: as when jobs become scarce or when a
0:5:1: natural disaster hits
0:5:3: so far we have learned about the various
0:5:6: aspects of poverty
0:5:8: now we will explore how poverty is
0:5:11: measured with the poverty line
0:5:14: the poverty line is an imaginary line
0:5:16: used to measure poverty by comparing a
0:5:19: person's income or consumption level to
0:5:22: a minimum level required to fulfill
0:5:24: basic needs
0:5:26: this line varies with time and place as
0:5:29: different countries have different
0:5:31: living standards and social norms
0:5:34: in simple terms if a person's income is
0:5:37: below the poverty line they are
0:5:39: considered poor
0:5:41: in India the poverty line is calculated
0:5:44: based on the minimum requirement of food
0:5:46: clothing footwear fuel education and
0:5:50: medical facilities needed for survival
0:5:53: the required calorie intake for an
0:5:56: average person is 2 400 calories in
0:6:0: rural areas and 2100 calories in urban
0:6:3: areas
0:6:5: the monetary expenditure needed to buy
0:6:7: these calories in terms of food grains
0:6:10: is revised periodically to account for
0:6:12: changes in prices
0:6:15: for the year 2011 and 2012 the poverty
0:6:19: line was set at rupees 816 for rural
0:6:22: areas and rupees 1000 for urban areas
0:6:26: a family of five living in rural areas
0:6:29: earning less than rupees 4080 per month
0:6:32: would be considered below the poverty
0:6:35: line
0:6:36: similarly a family of five in urban
0:6:39: areas would need at least rupees 5000
0:6:42: per month to meet their basic needs
0:6:45: the poverty line is updated every five
0:6:48: years through surveys conducted by the
0:6:50: national sample survey organization nsso
0:6:54: let's take a look at the poverty
0:6:56: estimates from the past 20 years to
0:6:59: better understand how poverty has
0:7:1: changed in India
0:7:4: the table here shows a significant
0:7:7: decrease in poverty in India over the
0:7:10: years
0:7:11: in 1993 and 94 about 45 of the
0:7:16: population was below the poverty line
0:7:18: which reduced to 37.2 percent in 2004
0:7:23: and 2005 and further to 22 in 2011 and
0:7:27: 2012.
0:7:29: if this trend continues less than 20
0:7:32: percent of people may be living in
0:7:34: poverty in the next few years
0:7:37: although poverty rates also decreased
0:7:40: between 1973 and 1993. the most
0:7:44: significant reduction in the number of
0:7:46: poor people happened between 2004 and
0:7:49: 2005 in 2011 and 2012.
0:7:53: during this time the number of poor
0:7:56: people dropped from 407 million to 270
0:8:0: million with an average annual decrease
0:8:2: of 2.2 percentage points
0:8:6: from this data we can infer that poverty
0:8:9: in India has been decreasing over the
0:8:11: years with a more significant decline in
0:8:14: the number of poor people between 2004
0:8:17: and 2012.
0:8:19: if this trend continues poverty rates
0:8:22: may drop below 20 in the coming years
0:8:25: in conclusion we can say that poverty
0:8:29: happens when people don't have enough
0:8:31: money to buy things they need like food
0:8:33: shelter and education
0:8:36: poverty can also make people feel left
0:8:39: out and vulnerable to measure poverty
0:8:42: experts use something called the poverty
0:8:45: line which is a level of income or
0:8:47: consumption below which people are
0:8:49: considered poor
0:8:51: in India the poverty line is based on
0:8:54: what people need to survive like food
0:8:56: clothes and Medical Care
0:8:59: we hope this video has helped you grasp
0:9:1: the chapter poverty as a challenge to
0:9:4: some extent
0:9:6: in our next video we'll discuss
0:9:8: vulnerable groups and differences
0:9:10: between states explore Global poverty
0:9:13: and its causes and talk about ways to
0:9:16: fight poverty and the challenges we face
0:9:19: to enhance your learning and improve
0:9:22: your academic performance consider using
0:9:25: edu rev app
0:9:26: here you can find chapter notes
0:9:28: interesting video lectures and ncert
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0:9:35: chapter all in one place