Poverty as a Challenge - 2 Video Lecture | Social Studies (SST) Class 9

0:0:0: did you know that nearly 22 percent of
0:0:2: India's population lives below the
0:0:5: national poverty line and every fourth
0:0:7: person in India is poor
0:0:10: You Must Be Wondering Why India which is
0:0:12: so rich in culture and diversity faces
0:0:15: poverty
0:0:16: let's unravel the reasons behind this
0:0:20: in this video we will cover some
0:0:22: important topics of chapter poverty as a
0:0:25: challenge which are
0:0:27: vulnerable groups Interstate disparities
0:0:31: Global poverty scenario causes of
0:0:35: poverty
0:0:36: anti-poverty measures and the challenges
0:0:38: ahead we can begin by discussing the
0:0:41: vulnerable groups
0:0:43: vulnerable groups are those people or
0:0:46: communities who are at a greater risk of
0:0:48: facing challenges or difficulties due to
0:0:50: their specific situation background or
0:0:53: characteristics for example adults who
0:0:56: can't earn enough money for their
0:0:57: household due to disabilities illness
0:1:0: age or other reasons
0:1:2: it also includes groups that don't have
0:1:5: enough resources to earn sufficient
0:1:7: income from any available source
0:1:10: poverty affects different social groups
0:1:12: and economic categories differently in
0:1:15: India the scheduled cast and scheduled
0:1:18: tribe households are the most vulnerable
0:1:20: to Poverty followed by rural
0:1:23: agricultural labor households and urban
0:1:25: casual labor households
0:1:28: for instance out of 100 scheduled tribe
0:1:31: people 43 are unable to fulfill their
0:1:34: basic needs
0:1:36: similarly 34 of casual workers in urban
0:1:40: areas are below the poverty line
0:1:43: studies showed that poverty has declined
0:1:45: in all these groups except for scheduled
0:1:48: tribe households
0:1:50: within poor families there is also
0:1:52: inequality in income distribution with
0:1:55: some members such as women elderly
0:1:58: people and female infants having limited
0:2:1: access to resources
0:2:3: let us make it more clear with the story
0:2:6: of sivarama
0:2:7: sivarama is a cobbler by cast from a
0:2:10: small Village near karur Tamil Nadu who
0:2:13: works as an agricultural laborer and
0:2:15: does odd jobs in town
0:2:17: his wife sasikala also works but they
0:2:20: both struggle to make ends meet for
0:2:22: their family of eight which includes
0:2:25: their four children an unmarried sister
0:2:27: and an aging widowed mother
0:2:30: the family faces Financial hardships and
0:2:33: the girls do not attend school as they
0:2:35: cannot afford it
0:2:37: sivarama plans to send his son to school
0:2:40: eventually what can we conclude with
0:2:43: this story
0:2:44: Rama's family faces significant
0:2:46: financial challenges and gender
0:2:48: inequality issues
0:2:51: the girls in the family are denied
0:2:53: education and the female members face
0:2:55: difficulties in their relationships and
0:2:57: roles within the family
0:3:0: now that we've grasped the concept of
0:3:2: vulnerable groups we will move to the
0:3:4: topic Interstate disparities
0:3:7: poverty in India varies significantly
0:3:10: across different states with some having
0:3:12: higher proportions of poor people than
0:3:15: others
0:3:16: while there has been a general decline
0:3:18: in poverty levels since the 1970 States
0:3:22: like madhya Pradesh Assam uttar Pradesh
0:3:25: Bihar and Orissa still have poverty
0:3:28: rates above the national average
0:3:31: interestingly Bihar and Orissa Remain
0:3:34: the poorest states with poverty rates of
0:3:37: 33.7 and 32.6 respectively
0:3:42: in contrast States like Punjab haryana
0:3:46: Kerala Maharashtra Andhra Pradesh Tamil
0:3:49: Nadu Gujarat and West Bengal have
0:3:52: experienced substantial declines in
0:3:55: poverty levels
0:3:57: factors contributing to these reductions
0:4:0: include High agricultural growth rates
0:4:2: in Punjab and haryana human resource
0:4:5: development in Kerala land reform
0:4:8: measures in West Bengal and public
0:4:10: distribution of food grains in Andhra
0:4:13: Pradesh and Tamil Nadu
0:4:15: with the understanding of the
0:4:17: differences in poverty levels between
0:4:19: Indian States we can now delve into the
0:4:22: subject of global poverty scenario
0:4:26: the World Bank defines extreme poverty
0:4:28: as living on less than dollar 1.90 per
0:4:32: day the proportion of people in extreme
0:4:35: poverty worldwide fell from 36 percent
0:4:38: in 1990 to 10 percent in 2015.
0:4:42: poverty has decreased in China and
0:4:45: Southeast Asia due to economic growth
0:4:48: and investments in human resources
0:4:51: in South Asian countries poverty
0:4:53: decreased from 34 in 2005 to 15.2
0:4:58: percent in 2014.
0:5:0: poverty also declined in sub-Saharan
0:5:3: Africa and Latin America however poverty
0:5:7: resurfaced in some former socialist
0:5:9: countries like Russia the United Nations
0:5:13: has set a goal of ending all types of
0:5:15: poverty by 2030.
0:5:18: we have discussed so much about poverty
0:5:20: but what exactly are the causes of
0:5:22: poverty
0:5:24: poverty in India has many causes
0:5:27: including the low level of Economic
0:5:29: Development under British colonial rule
0:5:31: which ruined traditional handicrafts and
0:5:34: discouraged development of Industries
0:5:36: like textiles
0:5:38: the failure to promote economic growth
0:5:41: and control population growth
0:5:43: perpetuated the cycle of poverty
0:5:45: the growth rate of per capita income was
0:5:48: very low and the failure to provide
0:5:50: enough job opportunities resulted in
0:5:53: people working as Rickshaw pullers
0:5:55: vendors construction workers and
0:5:57: domestic servants
0:5:59: with irregular small incomes people
0:6:2: couldn't afford expensive housing and
0:6:4: many started Living in slums on the
0:6:6: outskirts of cities
0:6:8: huge income inequalities have also been
0:6:11: a major reason for high poverty rates in
0:6:14: India
0:6:15: one of the major reasons for this is the
0:6:18: unequal distribution of land and other
0:6:20: resources
0:6:21: despite many policies we have not been
0:6:24: able to tackle the issue in a meaningful
0:6:27: manner
0:6:28: socioeconomic and cultural factors also
0:6:31: contribute to poverty
0:6:33: for example people in India including
0:6:36: the very poor spend a lot of money on
0:6:38: social obligations and religious
0:6:40: ceremonies
0:6:42: small farmers need money to buy
0:6:44: agricultural inputs like seeds
0:6:47: fertilizer and pesticide
0:6:49: since poor people hardly have any
0:6:52: savings they borrow and become victims
0:6:54: of undebtedness
0:6:56: the high level of undebtedness is both
0:6:59: the cause and effect of poverty
0:7:2: now do you know what measures the
0:7:4: government has taken to fight poverty
0:7:7: let's find it out in our next topic
0:7:9: which covers anti-poverty measures
0:7:13: the Indian government has implemented
0:7:15: several anti-poverty measures to help
0:7:18: reduce poverty in the country
0:7:21: let's take a closer look at each of
0:7:23: these measures Mahatma Gandhi National
0:7:25: rural employment guarantee Act mgnrega
0:7:30: this program was introduced in 2005 to
0:7:34: provide 100 days of guaranteed
0:7:36: employment every year to every rural
0:7:39: household in 600 districts across India
0:7:42: one-third of these jobs are reserved for
0:7:45: women the scheme provided employment to
0:7:48: 220 crore person days of employment to
0:7:52: 4.78 crore households
0:7:55: after the revised wage rates in March
0:7:58: 2018 the range of wage rate lies in
0:8:1: between 281 rupees for the workers in
0:8:4: haryana and 168 rupees for the workers
0:8:7: of Bihar and jharkhand
0:8:9: next national food for work program nfwp
0:8:14: the nfwp was launched in 2004 in 150
0:8:19: most backward districts of the country
0:8:22: it is a centrally sponsored scheme where
0:8:25: food grains are provided free of cost to
0:8:27: the states
0:8:29: the program is open to all rural poor
0:8:32: who are in need of wage employment and
0:8:34: desire to do manual unskilled work
0:8:37: next prime minister rozgar yojana pmry
0:8:42: pmry is a scheme that started in 1993.
0:8:46: the scheme aimed to create
0:8:48: self-employment opportunities for
0:8:50: educated and employed youth in rural
0:8:53: areas and small business and industries
0:8:56: under the scheme they are helped in
0:8:58: setting up small businesses and
0:9:0: industries
0:9:2: next rural employment generation program
0:9:6: regp launched in 1995 regp aims to
0:9:11: create self-employment opportunities in
0:9:13: rural areas and small towns
0:9:16: a target for creating 25 lakh new jobs
0:9:20: has been set for the program under the
0:9:22: 10th Five-Year Plan
0:9:24: next swarna jnt gram swarozgar yojana
0:9:28: sgsy the sgsy program was launched in
0:9:33: 1999.
0:9:35: it aimed to bring assisted poor families
0:9:37: above the poverty line by organizing
0:9:40: them into self-help groups through a mix
0:9:42: of bank credit and government subsidy
0:9:45: next Pradhan mantri gramode yojana pmgy
0:9:50: pmgy was launched in 2000 and aimed to
0:9:54: provide additional Central assistance to
0:9:56: States for basic services such as
0:9:58: Primary Health primary education rural
0:10:1: shelter rural drinking water and rural
0:10:4: electrification
0:10:6: lastly until day Anna yojana a a y
0:10:10: launched in December 2000 aay provides
0:10:15: 25 to 35 kilograms of food grains to one
0:10:18: crore of the poorest among the below
0:10:20: poverty line families covered under the
0:10:23: targeted public distribution system at a
0:10:25: highly subsidized rate of 2 rupees for
0:10:28: wheat and 3 rupees per for rice
0:10:31: overall these anti-poverty measures have
0:10:34: helped reduce poverty in India
0:10:37: however their implementation has been
0:10:39: problematic at times due to lack of
0:10:42: proper targeting overlapping of schemes
0:10:44: and non-delivery of benefits to the
0:10:46: targeted groups
0:10:48: finally let us study the last topic of
0:10:51: this chapter that covers the challenges
0:10:53: India must address to continue reducing
0:10:56: poverty
0:10:57: poverty has gone down in India but it's
0:11:0: still a big problem especially in rural
0:11:3: areas and certain groups of people
0:11:6: to make things better India needs to
0:11:8: grow its economy educate more people and
0:11:12: treat women and poor people better
0:11:14: the problem is that the definition of
0:11:17: poverty is too narrow poverty isn't just
0:11:20: about having enough money to survive
0:11:22: it's also about things like having a
0:11:25: home health care and equal treatment for
0:11:28: all
0:11:29: eradicating poverty is difficult because
0:11:32: the definition keeps changing as the
0:11:34: country develops
0:11:36: these things will take a lot of work and
0:11:38: money to fix
0:11:40: in conclusion the scheduled cast
0:11:43: scheduled tribe rural agricultural labor
0:11:46: and urban casual labor households are
0:11:49: the most vulnerable to poverty in India
0:11:52: poverty affects different social and
0:11:55: economic groups differently and there is
0:11:57: also inequality in income distribution
0:11:59: within poor families
0:12:2: poverty in India has many causes
0:12:4: including low Economic Development
0:12:7: population growth and income inequality
0:12:11: the Indian government has implemented
0:12:13: several anti-poverty measures including
0:12:16: the Mahatma Gandhi National rural
0:12:18: employment guarantee act Pradhan mantri
0:12:21: gram Sada kyojana and National rural
0:12:23: livelihood mission
0:12:25: hope this video was helpful in
0:12:27: understanding the chapter poverty as a
0:12:30: challenge
0:12:31: to boost your learning and elevate your
0:12:34: academic success think about utilizing
0:12:36: edurev
0:12:38: through the edurev app you can access
0:12:40: chapter summaries engaging video lessons
0:12:43: and ncert Centric multiple choice tests
0:12:46: for every chapter all gathered in one
0:12:49: place