Practice Doc: IIFT 2021 For VARC | Additional Study Material for CAT PDF Download

Instructions 
Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow: 
The Reverend Jim Jones was the founder and leader of the People’s Temple. In 1978 Jones, facing charges of tax evasion, moved most of his one thousand followers from San Francisco to a small settlement in Guyana, which he named Jonestown. Facing a federal investigation for reported acts of child abuse and torture, Jones decided that his followers should poison their children and then themselves. They prepared vats of poison. A few people resisted; a few others shouted out their protest, but they were silenced.
Following Jones’s orders, and the social pressures imposed by one another, mothers and fathers duly poisoned their children. Then they poisoned themselves. Their bodies were found arm in arm, lying together. Econs (and some economists we know) are pretty unsociable creatures. They communicate with others if they can gain something from the encounter, they care abouttheir reputations, and they will learn from others if actual information can be obtained, but Econsare not followers of fashion. Their hemlines would not go up and down exceptfor practical reasons,andties, if they existed at all in a world of Econs, would not grow narrower and wider simply as a matter of style. (By the way, ties were originally used as napkins; they actually had a function.) Humans, on the other hand, are frequently nudged by other Humans. Sometimes massive social changes, in markets and politics alike, start with a small social nudge.
Humans are not exactly lemmings, but they are easily influenced by the statements and deeds of others. (Again by the way, lemmings do not really commit mass suicide by following one another into the ocean. Our widely shared and some what defamatory beliefs about lemmings are based on an all-too-human urban legend—that is, people believe this because they are following other people. By contrast, the tale of mass suicide at Jonestown is no legend.) If you see a movie scene in which people are smiling, you are more likely to smile yourself (whether or not the movie is funny); yawns are contagious, too.
Conventional wisdom hasit that if two people live together for a long time, they start to look like each other. This bit of folk wisdom turns out to be true. (For the curious: they grow to look alike partly because of nutrition—shared diets and eating habits—but much of the effect is simple imitation of facial expressions.) In fact couples who end up looking alike also tend to be happier!
Here, we try to understand how and why social influences work. An understanding of those influences is important in our context for two reasons. First, most people learn from others. This is usually good, of course. Learning from others is how individuals and societies develop. But many of our biggest misconceptions also come from others. When social influences have caused people to have false or biased beliefs, then some nudging may help. The second reason why this topic is important for our purposes is that one of the most effective ways to nudge (for good orevil) is via social influence. In Jonestown, that influence was so strong that an entire population committed suicide. But social influences have also created miracles, large and small. In many cities, including ours, dog owners now carry plastic bags when they walk their dogs, and strolling through the park has become much more pleasant as a result.
This has happened even though the risk of being fined for unclean dog walking is essentially zero. Choice architects need to know howto encourage other socially beneficial behavior, and also how to discourage events like the one that occurred in Jonestown. Social influences come in two basic categories. The first involves information. If many people do something or think something, their actions and their thoughts convey information about what might be best for you to do or think. The second involves peer pressure. If you care about what other people think about you (perhaps in the mistaken belief that they are paying some attention to what you are doing— see below), then you might go along with the crowd to avoid their wrath or curry their favor. For a quick glance at the power of social nudges,consider just a few research findings:
1. Teenage girls who see that other teenagers are having children are more likely to become pregnant themselves.
2. Obesity is contagious. If your best friends get fat, your risk of gaining weight goes up.
3. Broadcasters mimic one another, producing otherwise inexplicable fads in programming. (Think reality television, American Idol and its siblings, game shows that come and go,the rise and fall and rise of sciencefiction, and so forth.)
4. The academic effort of college studentsis influenced by their peers, so much so that the random assignments of first-year students to dormitories or roommates can have big consequences for their grades and hence on their future prospects. (Maybe parents should worry less about which college their kids go to and more about which roommate they get.)
5. Federal judges on three-judge panels are affected by the votes of their colleagues. The typical Republican appointee shows pretty liberal voting patterns when sitting with two Democratic appointees, and the typical Democratic appointee shows pretty conservative voting patterns when sitting with two Republican appointees. Both sets of appointees show far more moderate voting patterns when theyare sitting with at least one judge appointed by a president of the opposing political party.
The bottom line is that Humans are easily nudged by other Humans. Why? One reason is that we like to conform.
1. Identify the CORRECT statement:
(i) Inaccurate nudging occurs as a result of information that tells about the socially accepted behavior.
(ii) Successful nudging occurs as a result of the desire to avoid disapproval of others.
(iii) Nudging is pluralistic ignorance that leads to peer pressure. Collective behaviours in a society prevents individuals from getting fined for inappropriate actions.
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
Ans. (B)

2. Identify the CORRECT statement:
1. Obesity is sporadic.
2. Learning from others is good as it helps in the development of individuals and societies.
3. Similar looking couples seldom apery each other’s facial expression.
4. Obesity may often be the result of information provided by peers.
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
Ans. (B)

3. Given below are four statements 
Statement I: Republican appointees are conservative.
Statement II: Democratic appointees are liberal.
Statement III : Three judge panels are known for inaccurate decisions.
Statement IV : Dormitory students are better performers in college.
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below
(A) (III) and (IV) are correct.
(B) (III) and (IV) are incorrect.
(C) (I) and (II) are incorrect.
(D) (I) and (III) are correct.
Ans. (B)

4. Main idea in the passage is about:
1. Causes and prevention of mass suicide.
2. Mindset problems of some economists.
3. Contagious nature of human emotion.
4. Behavior is the result of following the herd.
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
Ans. (D)

Instructions
Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow : 
Cultural arguments once loomed large in explanations of the ways in which countries differed economically and politically. Economists mostly abandoned such reasoning in the 20th century, not only because it provided cover for racists but also because of its lack of explanatory power. In 1970 Robert Solow, a Nobel prize winner, quipped that attempts to explain growth with variables such as culture generally ended up “in a blaze of amateur sociology”. This position is changing, however, and not before time. A better grasp of how cultures work may be needed to understand modern political economy.
The responsible intellectual use of cultural argument begins with clear terminology. In "A Culture of Growth", published in 2016, Joel Mokyr, an economichistorian at Northwestern University describes culture as a setof beliefs, values, and preferences, capable of affecting behaviour, that are socially (not genetically) transmitted and that are shared by some subset of society". Economists typically treat rationalself-interest as the lodestar of human behaviour. But Mr Mokyr recognises that acquired social codes also influence individual choices, and thus broader economicactivity. Culture is not immutable, as those who ascribe countries’ diverging fates to deep-rooted cultural attributes often suggest. It evolvesas the ideasand influenceofdifferent groupsshift.
Cultural evolution is essential to the thesis of "A Culture of Growth", which attempts to explain why sustained growth began where and whenit did. Mr Mokyr saysthat factors often credited with kick-starting industrialisation- such as capital accumulation and the cost and supply of certain kinds of labour- may be necessary but are not sufficient. The true catalyst was a continent-wide evolution in beliefs. In Europe between the 16th and 18th centuries, a group of intellectuals often called the “Republic of Letters" groped their way towards a bold new view of nature and knowledge. Francis Bacon, an English intellectual and early contributor to the movement, thought that through disinterested and open inquiry, nature's secrets could be understood and then manipulated to the benefit of humankind. Such views helped nurture the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment, but also percolated through society, influencing behaviour. Once the notion became widespread that objective knowledge waspossible and could be used to improve people's lives, the emergence of self-sustaining economic growth wasnear-inevitable.
In a recent essay Enrico Spolaore of Tufts University writes that Mr Mokyr’s ideas show how economists might make better use of culture. He does not simply argue that Europeindustrializedfirst because of a particular Europeancultural way of being. Rather, he identifies a specific cultural change - the rise of an evidence-based, humanistic approach to scientific inquiry - which led to a shift in behaviour that enabled industrialisation. He contrasts this with, for example, China, where rationalistic schools of philosophy such as Mohism were eclipsedin intellectual circles by tradition-venerating Confucianism. China’s fate is not down to something inherent in Chinese culture. Rather, history unfolded one wayin oneplace, and anotherin another.
5. According to Mr Mokyr’s thesis :
1. Culture affects behaviour and thus economic activity in a society.
2. Acquired social codes influence individual choices and therefore economic activity.
3. Factors usually associated with kick starting industrialisation are not sufficient to explain economicactivity.
4. All the options hold.
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
Ans. (D)

6. Enrico Spolaore believes: 
1. A cultural change that supported scientific enquiry was behind Europe’s industrialisation
2. A rationalist school of philosophy could neverrise in Europe
3. A rationalist school of philosophy thrived in China
4. Confucianism got eclipsed by Mohism in China
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
Ans. (A)

7. In “A Culture of Growth” Mr Mokyr tries to analyse :
1. Why did sustained economic growth evade Europe?
2. What is the cause of crisis in the Eurozone?
3. Why did Industrial Revolution begin in Europe?
4. What social transformations are occurring in Europe today?
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
Ans. (C)

8. The following statement best captures the theme of the passage:
1. Scientific revolution and enlightenment in Europe
2. Confucianism and Mohism in China
3. History unfolds in different ways in different countries
4. A society’s values and beliefs matter for its economy
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
Ans. (D)

Instructions 
Read the passage and answer the questions that follow : 
To say that all individuals are embedded in and the product of society is banal. Obama rises above banality by means of fallacy: equating society with government, the collectivity with the state. Of course we are shaped by our milieu. But the most formative, most important influence on the individual is not government. It is civil society, those elements of the collectivity that lie outside government: family, neighborhood, church, Rotary club, PTA, the voluntary associations that Tocqueville understood to be the genius of America and source of its energy and freedom. Moreover, the greatest threat to a robust, autonomouscivil society is the ever-growing Leviathan state and those like Obama whosee it as the ultimate expression of the collective. Obama compoundsthe fallacy by declaring the state to be the font of entrepreneurial success. How so? It created the infrastructure— roads, bridges, schools, Internet—off which weall thrive. Absurd. We don’t credit the Swiss postal service with the Special Theory of Relativity because it transmitted Einstein’s manuscript to the Annalen der Physik. Everyone drives the roads, goes to school, uses the mails. So did Steve Jobs. Yet only he created the Mac and the iPad.
Obama’s infrastructure argument is easily refuted by what is essentially a controlled social experiment. Roads and schools are the constant. What’s variable is the energy, enterprise, risk-taking, hard work and genius of the individual. It is therefore precisely those individual characteristics, not the communal utilities that account for the different outcomes. The ultimate Obamafallacy, however, is the conceit that belief in the value of infrastructure—and willingness to invest in its creation and maintenance—is what divides liberals from conservatives.
Morenonsense.Infrastructure is not a liberal idea, noris it particularly new. The Via Appia wasbuilt 2,300 years ago. The Romansbuilt aqueducts, too. And sewers. Since forever, infrastructure has been consensually understood to be a core function of government. The argument betweenleft and right is about what you do beyondinfrastructure. It’s about transfer payments and redistributionist taxation, about geometrically expanding entitlements, about tax breaks and subsidies to induce actions pleasing to central planners.It’s about free contraceptives for privileged students and welfare without work— the latest Obama entitlement-by-decree that would fatally undermine the great bipartisan welfare reform of 1996.
What divides liberals and conservatives is not roads and bridges but Julia’s world, an Obama campaign creation that may be the most self-revealing parody of liberalism ever conceived. It’s a series of cartoonillustrations in which a functional Julia is swaddled and subsidized throughout her life by an all-giving government of bottomless pockets and “Queen for a Day” magnanimity. At every stage, the state is there to provide—preschool classes and cut-rate college loans, birth control and maternity care, business loans and retirement. The only time she’s on her ownis at her grave site.
Julia’s worldis totally atomized. It contains no friends, no community and, of course, no spouse. Who needs one? She’s married to the providerstate. Or to put it slightly differently, the “Life of Julia” represents the paradigmatic Obamapolitical philosophy:citizen as orphan child. For the conservative, providing for every need is the duty that government owes to actual orphan children. Not to supposedly autonomous adults. Beyond infrastructure, the conservative sees the proper role of government as providing not European-style universal entitlements but a firm safety net, meaning Julia-like treatment for those who really cannot makeit on their own—those too youngortoo old, too mentally or physically impaired, to provide for themselves.
Limited government so conceived has two indispensable advantages. It avoids inexorable Europeanstyle national insolvency. And it avoids breeding debilitating individual dependency. It encourages and celebrates character, independence, energy, hard work as the foundations of a free society and a thriving economy—precisely the virtues Obama discounts and devalues in his accounting of the wealth of nations.
9. According to the passage, the greatest threat to the civil societyis:
1. The infrastructure created by the state
2. Great and populist leaders like Obama
3. Thestate’s role as a providerstate
4. Not giving credit to the government for undertaking welfare projects
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
Ans. (C)

10. With reference to the passage, which of following statement is true?
1. Liberals conceived the idea of providing infrastructure to thecitizens.
2. Conservatives believe that state needsto facilitate deserving sections of society.
3. Leviathanstate helps in nurturing the dreams of a free and prosperous society.
4. Hardworkand geniusis constant for building thriving society.
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
Ans. (B)

11. The primary objective of the passage is to:
1. Praise the policy of Obama government
2. Present an argument for a provider government 
3. Discuss the role and duties of a Government
4. Assess the differences between liberals and conservatives regarding their political philosophy only
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
Ans. (C)

12. According to the passage, which of the following statementis false?
1. Leviathanstate is not a harbinger ofprosperity.
2. Building Infrastructure is not a liberal idea.
3. European governments do not provide privilegesto all.
4. Provider state debilitates individual character.
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
Ans. (C)

Instructions
Read the passage and answer the questions that follow : 
As Western holiday makers escape their daily grind and head to the beach this summer, a concern is likely to resurface- literally really, if it washes up on the pristine sandin front of them. In the past two years plastic litter in the ocean seemsto have eclipsed other environmental anxieties among rich-world consumers. Harrowing imagesof sea life ensnared in plastic bags, as depicted in “Blue Planet II”, a popular British television series from 2017 presented by Sir David Attenborough, would be enough to make any one choke on the plastic straw in their pifia colada-if, that is, you were offered one. Politicians everywhere are responding to voters’ demands by banning straws,stirrers and other single- use plastics. The UN says that last year 127 countries had restrictions on plastic bags. This month Panama becamethe first Central American country to outlaw them. Britain is considering a tax on plastic packaging made with less than 30% recycled content. In March 560 members of the European Parliament backed a law that would require 90% ofplastic bottles to be recycled by 2029. Just 35 voted against.
Given the environmental footprint of substitutes like cotton bags, aluminium cans or paper boxes-which often require more energy and water to make and transport than plastic equivalents- new regulations could in fact end up doing harm to the planet. Nonetheless the plastics industry can expect ever more curbsonits products, a trend that will force businesses involved to reshape. Bottles, boxes, films and the like consume nearly half of global output of the polymers on which they rely. Many companiesin the $375bnplastic-packaging value chain-which comprises producers of oil and gas (the main feedstock), petrochemical giants packaging firms and consumerbrands-lookill-prepared.
Companiesat either end of the chain are the least vulnerable. Beverage-makers will happily switch from oil-derived plastic to recycled stuff for their bottles-or to aluminium cans-so long as the numbers add up (which they do whenhighoil prices push up the cost of virgin plastic). Even so, ExxonMobil or Coca-Cola cannot relax. Seema Suchak of Schroders, an asset manager, estimates that fizzy-drinks firms that fail to reduce their reliance on virgin plastics could see annual profits shrink by 5% over the next decade or so because of regulations and taxes spurred by the consumer backlash. According to Paul Bjacek of Accenture, a consultancy, recycling all plastic packaging, rather than the 1% that is reused today could cut annual growth in demandfor oil and gas from 1% to 0.5% by 2040 as recycled materials gain market share.
Plastic packaging firms could suffer more. Credit-raters at Moody's have warned that Britain's proposed tax on plastic bottles could hurt their makers by discouraging use by consumer goods companiesand driving up the cost of recycled plastic, a scarce raw material as recycling rates are low. Ms Suchaklooked atfive big makers of plastic packaging and found that the pre-tax profits of four of them could fall by 11-33% in the medium term if they stick with virgin plastics. Amcor, an Australian giant, lists environmental concerns as the number-onerisk in its latest annual report.
Then there is the petrochemicals industry. In a much-cited analysis from 2016, consultants at McKinsey calculated that the value of plastic disposed after a single use is $80bn-120bn a year. Reducing the number could benefit society but harm purveyors of the virgin materials. Last year Spencer Dale, chief economist of BP, a British oil giant, estimated that more plastics regulation could reduce demand for petrochemicals by a sixth in the next 20 years. Around a quarter of the revenues of Germany's BASF DowDuPont of America come from plastic. Both could suffer.
13. According to the author, the plastic related concerns in the rich countries have:
1. Overshadowed other environmental concerns
2. Created a strong lobbyto resist any law that harms the interest of plastic packaging industry
3. Made plastic packaging industry to abandon the use of plastic
4. Made credit rating agencies and consultancy firms to advise the governments to not to act
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
Ans. (A)

14. The correct sequence in the plastic packaging value chain is:
1. Oil Companies, Petrochemical Companies, Packaging Companies, and Consumer Products Companies
2. Petrochemical Companies, Oil Companies, Packaging Companies, and Consumers Products Companies
3. Oil Companies, Petrochemical Companies, Consumer Products Companies, and Packaging Companies
4. Consumer Product Companies, Oil Companies, Petrochemicals Companies, and Packaging Companies
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
Ans. (A)

15. The political response to the people’s environmental concern is:
1. Promote single use plastic packaging
2. Encouraging recycled plastics in packaging
3. Banning virgin plastics
4. Banning petrochemicals used in plastics
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
Ans. (B)

16. The new regulations on Plastic Packaging could end up doing more harm to the planet because:
1. It will disrupt the plastic packaging value chain.
2. The prices of consumer products will increase.
3. Environmental footprints of substitutes is higher.
4. Recycled plastic is not safe to use.
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
Ans. (C)

17. Direction: Identify the appropriate meaning for the given root word:
Root word: Trit (as in attrition) 
1. Leave 
2. Rub 
3. Duration 
4. Together
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
Ans. (B)

18. Direction: A number of sentences are given below which, when properly sequenced, form a COHERENT PARAGRAPH. Choose the most LOGICAL ORDERofsentences from the choices given to construct a COHERENT PARAGRAPH.
a. You may create a visual memory that you can retrace, but physically you cannot experience it again.
b. Now is the only time you have.
c. Nothing is more valuable than the present moment because you can never get it back.
d. Once your past is gone, it doesn’t exist, no matter how many times you recreate it mentally.
e. The future hasn’t even arrived; but again, you keep taking yourself there mentally.
f. Tomorrow comes disguised as today and some of us don’t even notice.
1. afcedb
2. deacfb
3. abcdef
4. bdefca
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
Ans. (D)

19. Given beloware four statements: 
Statement I: The main purpose of the visit is to develop a closer relationship among the two countries.
Statement II: The main purpose of the visit is to develop a closer relationship between the two countries.
Statement III: Between all the magazines on the shelves, only one was of my interest.
Statement IV: Among all the magazines on the shelves, only few were of my interests.
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below: 
1. Statement I and Statement II are correct. 
2. Statement I and Statement III are correct. 
3. Statement II and Statement IV arecorrect. 
4. Only Statement II is correct.
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
Ans. D

20. Given below are four statements:
Statement I: First we listened to the tape, then we answered some question, and at last we wrote the story.
Statement II: First we listened to the tape, then we answered some questions, and finally we wrote the story.
Statement III: We went from one restaurant to another, but all of them were full. At last we decided to buy some pizzas and take them home.
Statement IV: We went from one restaurant to another, but all of them were full. In the end we decided to buy some pizzas and take them home.
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
1. Statement I and Statement II are correct.
2. Statement I and Statement III are correct.
3. Statement II and Statement IV arecorrect.
4. Only Statement IV is correct.
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
Ans. (C)

21. Direction: Find the most appropriate word from the given options, which best describes the meaning provided in the question.
Meaning: The study of trains
1. Ferroequinology
2. Teratology
3. Locology
4. Locomology
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
Ans. (A)

22. Direction: A number of sentences are given below which, when properly sequenced, form a COHERENT PARAGRAPH. Choose the most LOGICAL ORDER of sentences from the choices given to construct a COHERENT PARAGRAPH.
a. This is doubtful.
b. Paintings made in the first half of the 18th century show the members of one clan in different tartans, and even one clansman with separate tartans for his coat, waistcoat and kilt, and it is unlikely that the clans kept strictly to particular tartans until the 19th century.
c. The oldest known painting showing Highland dress dates from about 1660, and few earlier records are reliable.
d. It is sometimes claimedthat the different Scottish tartans served in ancient times to distinguish not only the different clans but also the ranks of the clansmen. 
1. dacb
2. bdac
3. bcad
4. cbad
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
Ans. (A)

23. Use the following table :

Below given (a) and (b) explain the meaning/synonym of two words from the above table. Identify the correct matching option from the choices given below :
(a) happening suddenly for brief periods of time but not regular or continuous
(b) Impostor; Fraud; Quack
1. (a) — (ii); (b) — (ix)
2. (a) — (v); (b) — (xii)
3. (a) — (x); (b) — (vi)
4. (a) — (xv); (b) — (xiii)
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
Ans. (D)

24. Match each word in the left hand column with description in the right hand column which best describes its meaning/synonym:

Choose the correct option.
1. (a) - (i); (b) - (iii); (c) - (ii); (d) - (v); (e) - (iv)
2. (a) - (iii); (b) - (i); (c) - (ii); (d) - (iv); (e) - (v)
3. (a) - (ii); (b) - (v); (c) - (iv); (d) - (iii); (e) - (i)
4. (a) - (iv); (b) - (ii); (c) - (v); (d) - (i); (e) - (iii)
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
Ans. (C)

25. Direction: Identify the appropriate meaning for the given root word: 
Root word: Put (as in dispute/input)
1. Think
2. Pour
3. Knowledge
4. Contribute
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
Ans. (A)

26. Direction: A number of sentences are given below which, when properly sequenced, form a COHERENT PARAGRAPH. Choose the most LOGICAL ORDER of sentences from the choices given to construct a COHERENT PARAGRAPH.
a. A beliefis a feeling of certainty about a particular thing; it’s a passive knowing.
b. All human beings are basically just belief systems.
c. Our perception of the world is rooted in our beliefs.
d. Consequently, we all view the world differently.
e. We live our lives based on the beliefs that we’ve acquired through our experiences and accumulation of knowledge.
f. These beliefs are our individual truths that build our subjective realities.
1. bafedc
2. cfbaed
3. abfecd
4. ebafdc
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
Ans. (B)

27. Direction: Find the most appropriate word from the given options, which best describes the meaning provided in the question.
Meaning: The study of elections
1. Campanology
2. Psephology
3. Paleology
4. Ecclesiology
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
Ans. (B)

28. Direction: Identify the appropriate meaning for the given root word: 
Root word: xyl (as in xylophone) 
1. Wood
2. Strings 
3. Many 
4. Input
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
Ans. (A)

29. Given below are four statements: 
Statement I: You must be pleased to hear that I’ve already got the tickets.
Statement II: You'll be pleased to hear that I’ve already got the tickets.
Statement III: I have friends who would love to stay at home, but they have to go to work.
Statement IV: I have friends who should loveto stay at home, but they must go to work.
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below: 
1. Statement I and Statement II are correct. 
2. Statement II and Statement III are correct. 
3. Statement II and Statement IV are correct. 
4. Only Statement IV is correct.
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
Ans. (B)

30. Use the following table :

Below given (a) and (b) explain the meaning/synonym of two words from the above table. Identify the correct matching option from the choices given below :
(a) Parody; Caricature; Ridicule
(b) Clot; Thicken; Coalesce
1. (a) - (i); (b) - (ii)
2. (a) - (vii); (b) - (i)
3. (a) - (iv); (b) - (viii)
4. (a) - (xii); (b) - (xv)
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
Ans. (B)

31. Direction: Find the most appropriate word from the given options, which best describes the meaning provided in the question.
Meaning: Cheap or inferior goods
1. Perspicuous
2. Perspicacious
3. Schlock
4. Cornucopia
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
Ans. (C)

32. Use the following table :

Complete the crossword using words from the above table. There are more words than required.

Hints:
Across: (a) Strange or ugly in a way that’s not natural
(b) Narrow-minded; Provincial; Insular 

Down: (a) Absolute; Genuine; Authentic; Actual
(b) Humorous; Light-hearted; Flippant
(c) apiece ofwriting or speech praising somebody/something

Choose the correct option :
1. Across : (a) - (i); (b) - (ix);
Down : (a) - (ii); (b) - (xiv); (c) - (vi) 

2. Across : (a) - (viii); (b) - (iv);
Down : (a) - (iii); (b) - (xiii); (c) - (xiv) 

3. Across : (a) - (viii); (b) - (v);
Down : (a) - (ii); (b) - (xi); (c) - (xiv) 

4. Across : (a) - (vii); (b) - (v);
Down : (a) - (x); (b) - (xi); (c) - (xii)
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
Ans. (C)

33. Direction: Identify the option where usage of question mark is either incorrect or can be avoided.
1. Did youtry the wedges and chips?
2. Who is Walt Disney?
3. I asked if she had something in particular against the Belgian national character?
4. When did Jane leave for the market?
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
Ans. (C)

34. Direction: Identify the option where usage of question mark is either incorrect or can be avoided.
1. Guess what?
2. Have you been to Taj Mahal?
3. Did you find the people very strange?
4. What is the capital of Belgium?
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
Ans. A

35. Direction: Identify the appropriate meaning for the given root word:
Root word: Somn(as in Somniloquy)
1. Multiple
2. More than two
3. Sleep
4. Star
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
Ans. (C)