What is the primary basis for R.H. Whittaker's Five Kingdom classification system?

R.H. Whittaker's Five Kingdom classification system is based on cellular structure, complexity, mode of nutrition, phylogenetic relationship, and ecological role performed by organisms.

Fill in the blank: The earliest classification of organisms was proposed by ___, who grouped plants into herbs, shrubs, and trees.

Aristotle

True or False: The Kingdom Protista includes organisms that were previously classified separately in the Plant and Animal kingdoms.

True

What are the main shapes of bacteria found in Kingdom Monera?

The main shapes of bacteria are spherical (cocci), rod-shaped (bacillus), comma-shaped (vibrio), and spiral (spirilla).

True or False: Mycoplasma are the largest cells that can survive without oxygen.

False. Mycoplasma are the smallest cells that can survive without oxygen.

Fill in the blank: Archaebacteria are known for surviving in ___ environments.

Harsh

Bacteria primarily reproduce through a process known as ___.

Fission

True or False: Mycoplasma are characterized by having a cell wall.

False. Mycoplasma lack a cell wall.

What is the significance of spores in bacteria?

Spores serve as resistant structures that allow bacteria to survive in harsh environments.

Euglenoids are unique among protists because they lack a ___ but have a flexible protein-rich layer called a ___.

Cell wall; pellicle

True or False: Dinoflagellates can cause red tide due to their rapid multiplication.

True

I have indestructible walls made of silica and am mostly photosynthetic; what am I?

Chrysophytes

Amoeboid organisms are characterized by the presence of ___, which they use for movement and capturing prey.

Pseudopodia

True or False: All flagellated organisms are parasites.

False. Not all flagellated organisms are parasites; some are free-living.

I have thousands of tiny hair-like structures on my surface that help me move and feed. What am I?

Ciliated organism, such as Paramecium

Fungi obtain their nutrients through a process known as ___.

Absorption

True or False: In fungi, karyogamy always follows plasmogamy immediately.

False. In basidiomycetes and ascomycetes, plasmogamy is not immediately followed by karyogamy, resulting in a dikaryon.

Which type of reproduction in fungi involves the formation of spores such as conidia and sporangiospores?

Asexual reproduction

The life cycle of plants alternates between two distinct phases known as the ___ phase and the ___ phase.

Diploid sporophytic; haploid gametophytic

True or False: All organisms in the Kingdom Animalia have a cell wall.

False; organisms in the Kingdom Animalia lack a cell wall.

What distinguishes higher forms of animals in terms of their physiological capabilities?

Higher forms of animals exhibit elaborate sensory and neuromotor mechanisms and are mostly capable of locomotion.

What is the significance of Dmitri Ivanowsky in virology?

Dmitri Ivanowsky was the first to name the causal organism of tobacco mosaic disease as 'virus' and laid the groundwork for the study of viruses.

Viruses are classified as obligate parasites because they ___ and ___.

Require a host cell to reproduce and cannot carry out metabolic processes on their own.

True or False: Viroids contain a protein coat.

False. Viroids consist solely of nucleic acid and lack a protein coat.