Animals are classified into how many different phyla based on their fundamental features?

11 different phyla

True or False: Animals possess a cell wall like plants.

False. Animals do not possess a cell wall.

Name an example of an organism that exhibits the tissue level of organization.

Coelenterates

The digestive system can be classified into two types: complete and ___.

Incomplete

True or False: In an open circulatory system, blood flows through a series of vessels.

False. In an open circulatory system, blood is pumped out of the heart and bathes the cells and tissues directly.

True or False: Radial symmetry can only be divided through a single plane.

False; radial symmetry can be divided through any plane passing through the central axis.

Diploblastic animals possess ___ embryonic layers, while triploblastic animals have ___ embryonic layers.

Two; three

True or False: Mesoglea is a differentiated layer found between the ectoderm and endoderm in triploblastic animals.

False; Mesoglea is an undifferentiated layer found between the ectoderm and endoderm in diploblastic animals.

Coelom is a cavity that lies between the ___ and ___ walls of an animal's body.

Body wall and gut wall

True or False: Pseudocoelomates have a body cavity that is completely lined by mesoderm.

False. Pseudocoelomates have a body cavity that is not lined by mesoderm; instead, the mesoderm is present as scattered pouches.

True or False: All animals belonging to the Phylum Porifera to Phylum Echinoderms are classified as Chordates.

False. Animals belonging to the Phylum Porifera to Phylum Echinoderms are classified as non-Chordates.

The notochord is a structure that forms during embryonic development in some animals, primarily in ___.

Chordates

The largest kingdom among the five proposed by Whittaker is ___?

Kingdom Animalia

Porifera are characterized by having a body with a central cavity known as ___, which is essential for their water transport system.

Spongocoel

True or False: Sponges exhibit sexual reproduction by forming gametes and fertilization occurs externally.

False. Fertilization in sponges is internal.

Cnidarians are characterized by their body symmetry, which is ___ symmetry.

Radial

True or False: Cnidarians have a complete digestive system with a separate mouth and anus.

False. Cnidarians have a gastro-vascular cavity with a single opening serving as both mouth and anus.

Ctenophores are primarily characterized by their ___ symmetry and ___ tissue layers.

Radial; two

True or False: Ctenophores have separate sexes and reproduce asexually.

False; Ctenophores do not have separate sexes and reproduce only through sexual means.

True or False: All members of phylum Platyhelminthes are free-living organisms.

False. Many members of phylum Platyhelminthes are endoparasites, including species that infect humans.

Tapeworm inside Human Intestine

The body of flatworms is described as ___ and ___, which contributes to their classification.

Dorsoventrally flattened and bilaterally symmetrical.

Phylum Aschelminthes includes organisms commonly known as ___ and are characterized by a circular cross-section.

Roundworms

True or False: Roundworms possess a complete alimentary canal and are dioecious, meaning they have distinct male and female individuals.

True

Annelids are characterized by their body structure that is ___ and ___ in organization.

Metamerically segmented and coelomate

True or False: Annelids have an open circulatory system.

False; Annelids possess a closed circulatory system.

Arthropods possess a circulatory system that is classified as ___ type.

Open

True or False: All arthropods undergo external fertilization.

False. Most arthropods are dioecious, and fertilization is usually internal.

Fill in the blank: Molluscs are characterized by their body being covered by a ___ shell.

Calcareous

True or False: Molluscs are typically dioecious and oviparous with direct development.

False. Molluscs are usually dioecious and oviparous with indirect development.

Echinoderms are characterized by their ___ body structure and lack of an ___ system.

Spiny; excretory

True or False: Echinoderms exhibit bilateral symmetry in their adult form.

False; echinoderms are radially symmetrical in their adult form.

Hemichordates are characterized by having a structure called ___ in the collar region, which resembles the notochord found in chordates.

Stomochord

True or False: Hemichordates have a closed circulatory system.

False. Hemichordates have an open circulatory system.

The notochord is present in the adult stage of which sub-phylum of Chordata?

The notochord is present throughout life in the sub-phylum Cephalochordata.

True or False: All vertebrates are chordates, but not all chordates are vertebrates.

True.

Cyclostomes are characterized by having ___  for respiration.

6-15 pairs of gill slits

True or False: All members of the class Chondrichthyes possess an air bladder.

False. Chondrichthyes lack an air bladder, which requires them to swim constantly to avoid sinking.

Bony fishes belong to the class ___ and are characterized by a bony endoskeleton and a streamlined body.

Osteichthyes

True or False: Amphibians have a three-chambered heart and can respire through skin, gills, and lungs.

True

The presence of an air bladder in bony fishes helps to regulate ___.

Buoyancy

Reptiles are characterized by having a heart that is usually ___-chambered, except for crocodiles.

Three

True or False: All reptiles are warm-blooded animals.

False. Reptiles are poikilothermic, meaning they are cold-blooded.

Mammals have unique features that differentiate them from other animals. Name three of these features.

Three unique features of mammals include milk-producing glands (mammary glands), skin covered in hair, and a four-chambered heart.

True or False: All mammals are viviparous, giving birth to live young.

False. Some mammals are oviparous, meaning they lay eggs, while others are viviparous, giving birth to live young.