Practice Questions for Statement and Assumptions | Logical Reasoning (LR) and Data Interpretation (DI) - CAT PDF Download

In each question below is given a statement followed by two assumptions numbered I and II. You have to consider the statement and the following assumptions and decide which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement.

Q1: Statement: "You are hereby appointed as a programmer with a probation period of one year and your performance will be reviewed at the end of the period for confirmation." - A line in an appointment letter.
Assumptions:
I. The performance of an individual generally is not known at the time of appointment offer.
II. Generally an individual tries to prove his worth in the probation period.
(a) Only assumption I is implicit
(b) Only assumption II is implicit
(c) Either I or II is implicit
(d) Neither I nor II is implicit
(e) Both I and II are implicit
Ans: (e)
Sol: The performance of the individual has to be tested over a span of time as the statement mentions. So, I is implicit. The statement mentions that the individual's worth shall be reviewed (during probation period) before confirmation. So, II is also implicit.

Q2: Statement: "In order to bring punctuality in our office, we must provide conveyance allowance to our employees." - In charge of a company tells Personnel Manager.
Assumptions:
I. Conveyance allowance will not help in bringing punctuality.
II. Discipline and reward should always go hand in hand.
(a) Only assumption I is implicit
(b) Only assumption II is implicit
(c) Either I or II is implicit
(d) Neither I nor II is implicit
(e) Both I and II are implicit
Ans: (b)
Sol: Assumption I goes against the statement. So, it is not implicit. The allowance will serve as a reward to the employees and shall provoke them to come on time. So, II is implicit.

Q3: Statement: "If you trouble me, I will slap you." - A mother warns her child.
Assumptions:
I. With the warning, the child may stop troubling her.
II. All children are basically naughty.
(a) Only assumption I is implicit
(b) Only assumption II is implicit
(c) Either I or II is implicit
(d) Neither I nor II is implicit
(e) Both I and II are implicit
Ans: (a)
Sol: The mother warns her child with the expectation that he would stop troubling her. So, I is implicit. The general nature of children cannot be derived from the statement. So, II is not implicit.

Q4: Statement: Unemployment allowance should be given to all unemployed Indian youth above 18 years of age.
Assumptions:
I. There are unemployed youth in India who needs monetary support.
II. The government has sufficient funds to provide allowance to all unemployed youth.
(a) Only assumption I is implicit
(b) Only assumption II is implicit
(c) Either I or II is implicit
(d) Neither I nor II is implicit
(e) Both I and II are implicit
Ans: (a)
Sol: I directly follows from the statement and so is implicit. Also, the statement is a suggestion and does not tell about a government policy or its position of funds. So, II is not implicit.

Q5: Statement: "The bridge was built at the cost of Rs. 128 crores and even civil bus service is not utilizing it, what a pity to see it grossly underutilized." - A citizen's view on a new flyover linking east and west sides of a suburb.
Assumptions:
I. The building of such bridges does not serve any public objective.
II. There has to be some accountability and utility of money spent on public projects.
(a) Only assumption I is implicit
(b) Only assumption II is implicit
(c) Either I or II is implicit
(d) Neither I nor II is implicit
(e) Both I and II are implicit
Ans: (b)
Sol: Clearly, the statement expresses grave concern over a newly-built flyover not being utilized by public. This implies that such projects need to be taken up only after working out their utility and that the huge expenditure incurred on building such structures is worthwhile only if they prove useful for the public. Thus, only II is implicit.

Q6: Statement: If it is easy to become an engineer, I don't want to be an engineer.
Assumptions:
I. An individual aspires to be professional.
II. One desires to achieve a thing which is hard earned.
(a) Only assumption I is implicit
(b) Only assumption II is implicit
(c) Either I or II is implicit
(d) Neither I nor II is implicit
(e) Both I and II are implicit
Ans: (b)
Sol: Clearly, nothing is mentioned about the professional nature of the job. So, I is not implicit. The statement hints that one rejects a thing that is easy to achieve. So, II is implicit.

Q7: Statement: The State government has decided to appoint four thousand primary school teachers during the next financial year.
Assumptions:
I. There are enough schools in the state to accommodate four thousand additional primary school teachers.
II. The eligible candidates may not be interested to apply as the government may not finally appoint such a large number of primary school teachers.
(a) Only assumption I is implicit
(b) Only assumption II is implicit
(c) Either I or II is implicit
(d) Neither I nor II is implicit
(e) Both I and II are implicit
Ans: (a)
Sol: Such decisions as given in the statement are taken only after taking the existing vacancies into consideration. So, I implicit while II isn't.

Q8: Statement: Never before such a lucid book was available on the topic.
Assumptions:
I. Some other books were available on this topic.
II. You can write lucid books on very few topics.
(a) Only assumption I is implicit
(b) Only assumption II is implicit
(c) Either I or II is implicit
(d) Neither I nor II is implicit
(e) Both I and II are implicit
Ans: (a)
Sol: It follows from the statement that books on this topic were available before also but they were not 'lucid'. So, I is implicit. But a general comment as II cannot be made from the given statement. So, II is not implicit.

Q9: Statement: It will be a substantial achievement in the field of education if one provides one school for every village in our country and enforce attendance.
Assumptions:
I. Children in villages do not attend school regularly.
II. Providing school to every village is desirable.
(a) Only assumption I is implicit
(b) Only assumption II is implicit
(c) Either I or II is implicit
(d) Neither I nor II is implicit
(e) Both I and II are implicit
Ans: (e)
Sol: The statement lays stress on enforcing attendance. This implies that children in villages do not attend school regularly. So, I is implicit. Besides, the statement calls 'one school for every village' a 'substantial achievement'. So, II is also implicit.

Q10: Statement: Detergents should be used to clean clothes.
Assumptions:
I. Detergents form more lather.
II. Detergents help to dislodge grease and dirt.
(a) Only assumption I is implicit
(b) Only assumption II is implicit
(c) Either I or II is implicit
(d) Neither I nor II is implicit
(e) Both I and II are implicit
Ans: (b)
Sol: Nothing is mentioned about lather formation by the detergent. So, I is not implicit. Also, detergents should be used as they clean clothes better and more easily. So, II is implicit.

Q11: Statement: Many historians have done more harm than good by distorting truth.
Assumptions:
I. People believe what is reported by the historians.
II. Historians are seldom expected to depict the truth.
(a) Only assumption I is implicit
(b) Only assumption II is implicit
(c) Either I or II is implicit
(d) Neither I nor II is implicit
(e) Both I and II are implicit
Ans: (a)
Sol: The fact that historians have done harm by distorting truth, means that people believe what is reported by the historians. So, I is implicit. II does not follow from the statement and so is not implicit.

Q12: Statement: "Computer education should start at schools itself."
Assumptions:
I. Learning computers is easy.
II. Computer education fetches jobs easily.
(a) Only assumption I is implicit
(b) Only assumption II is implicit
(c) Either I or II is implicit
(d) Neither I nor II is implicit
(e) Both I and II are implicit
Ans: (a)
Sol: Clearly, computer education can be started at the school level only if it is easy. So, I is implicit. In the statement, nothing is mentioned about the link between jobs and computer education. So, II is not implicit.

Q13: Statement: Today I must satisfy myself only by looking at a pink headed duck in an encyclopaedia.
Assumptions:
I. Pink headed ducks are as good as extinct now.
II. People refer to encyclopaedia to know only about things which do not exist now.
(a) Only assumption I is implicit
(b) Only assumption II is implicit
(c) Either I or II is implicit
(d) Neither I nor II is implicit
(e) Both I and II are implicit
Ans: (a)
Sol: Since the narrator talks of satisfying himself by just looking at a picture in encyclopaedia, it means that pink headed ducks are not to be seen alive. So, I is implicit. But II does not follow from the statement and is not implicit.

Q14: Statement: If he is intelligent, he will pass the examination.
Assumptions:
I. To pass, he must be intelligent.
II. He will pass the examination.
(a) Only assumption I is implicit
(b) Only assumption II is implicit
(c) Either I or II is implicit
(d) Neither I nor II is implicit
(e) Both I and II are implicit
Ans: (a)
Sol: The statement mentions that he will pass if he is intelligent. So, I is implicit. Further, this means that it is not necessary that he will pass. So, II is not implicit.

Q15: Statement: "To keep myself up-to-date, I always listen to 9.00 p.m. news on radio."- A candidate tells the interview board.
Assumptions:
I. The candidate does not read newspaper.
II. Recent news is broadcast only on radio.
(a) Only assumption I is implicit
(b) Only assumption II is implicit
(c) Either I or II is implicit
(d) Neither I nor II is implicit
(e) Both I and II are implicit
Ans: (d)
Sol: The candidate listens to news on the radio does not mean that he does not read newspaper or that radio is the only source of recent news. So, neither I nor II is implicit.

Q16: Statement: Believe me, I have read it in newspaper X.
Assumptions:
I. Newspaper X gives reliable information/news.
II. I am reporting exactly as it is given in newspaper X.
(a) Only assumption I is implicit
(b) Only assumption II is implicit
(c) Either I or II is implicit
(d) Neither I nor II is implicit
(e) Both I and II are implicit
Ans: (b)
Sol: The narrator in the statement clearly insists on the reliability of the fact that what he said, he had read it in newspaper X, and not on the truth of what he said. So, only II is implicit

Q17: Statement: Highly brilliant and industrious students do not always excel in the written examination.
Assumptions:
I. The written examination is good mainly for mediocre students.
II. The brilliant and industrious students cannot always write good answers in the exam
(a) Only assumption I is implicit
(b) Only assumption II is implicit
(c) Either I or II is implicit
(d) Neither I nor II is implicit
(e) Both I and II are implicit
Ans: (b)
Sol: II explains the fact given in the statement and so is implicit. Nothing about 'mediocre students' is mentioned in or can be deduced from the given statement. So, I is not implicit.

Q18: Statement: All the employees are notified that the organisation will provide transport facilities at half cost from the nearby railway station to the office except those who have been provided with travelling allowance.
Assumptions:
I. Most of the employees will travel by the office transport.
II. Those who are provided with travelling allowance will not read such notice.
(a) Only assumption I is implicit
(b) Only assumption II is implicit
(c) Either I or II is implicit
(d) Neither I nor II is implicit
(e) Both I and II are implicit
Ans: (a)
Sol: The facility given by the office shall be an added privilege and many employees will avail of the same. So, I is implicit. Also, the statement 'All the employees are notified.....' implies that the notice is for all the employees. So, II is not implicit.

Q19: Statement: Whenever you have any doubt on this subject, you may refer to the book by Enn and Enn.
Assumptions:
I. The book by Enn and Enn is available.
II. There is no other book on this subject.
(a) Only assumption I is implicit
(b) Only assumption II is implicit
(c) Either I or II is implicit
(d) Neither I nor II is implicit
(e) Both I and II are implicit
Ans: (a)
Sol: The recommendation of the book by Enn and Enn implies that it is available. So, I is implicit. Also, the book has been referred to as a good one, but this does not mean that no other books are available on the subject. So, II is not implicit.

Q20: Statement: "I would like to study the impact of pay revision on job satisfaction of employees." - A tells B.
Assumptions:
I. Job satisfaction can be measured.
II. A has necessary competence to undertake such study.
(a) Only assumption I is implicit
(b) Only assumption II is implicit
(c) Either I or II is implicit
(d) Neither I nor II is implicit
(e) Both I and II are implicit
Ans: (e)
Sol: Clearly, A wishes to study the degree of effect of pay revision on job satisfaction of employees. This means that job satisfaction can be measured and A is capable of making such a study. So, both I and II are implicit.