RPSC Monthly Current Affairs: March 2025 | Monthly Current Affairs RPSC - RPSC RAS (Rajasthan) PDF Download

Spread of Karra Disease

Why in News?

The Animal Husbandry Minister of Rajasthan has convened a meeting with departmental officials to discuss measures for preventing the spread of Karra disease in the Jaisalmer district.

Key Points

• About the issue:
• Karra disease, also known as botulism, has been reported in the western districts of Rajasthan, including Jaisalmer, Barmer, Balotra, and Phalodi.
• These regions are experiencing significant changes in rainfall patterns, which is affecting animal husbandry practices.
• Recently, there have been reported deaths of animals due to this disease, with 36 animals dying in Jaisalmer and 2 in Phalodi.
• The meeting aimed to focus on preventing the spread of Karra disease, raising awareness among livestock farmers, and ensuring the availability of essential medicines.

Karra disease:

• Karra disease is primarily caused by a deficiency of essential nutrients such as green fodder, calcium, and phosphorus.
• When these nutrients are lacking, animals may resort to consuming the bones of dead animals, which allows germs that cause botulism to enter their bodies and spread the infection.
• The main symptoms of Karra disease include:
• Drooling from the mouth.
• Stiffness in the front legs.
• Paralysis with the tongue hanging out of the mouth.
• To prevent Karra disease, livestock owners are advised to provide nutrient-rich food to their animals.

Rajasthan Democracy Fighters Honor Bill 2024

Why in News?

On 21st March 2025, the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly passed the “Rajasthan Loktantra Senani Samman Bill, 2024” by voice vote.

About the Bill:

• The Bill aims to honour the fighters who defended democracy during the Emergency (June 25, 1975 – March 21, 1977) and their families.
• This Bill acknowledges the sacrifices made by those who stood up for democratic values.

Main provisions:

• Monthly Pension: All eligible Loktantra Senani will receive a monthly pension of Rs 20,000.
• Medical Aid: Each beneficiary will receive Rs 4,000 for monthly medical aid.
• Free Transport Facility: Loktantra Senani will have free travel on government transport services.
• Benefits to dependents: After the death of a democracy fighter, their spouse will receive an honourarium and medical assistance for life.
• Special Invitation on National Festivals: Loktantra Senanis and their families will be invited as special guests on national events like Independence Day and Republic Day.

Importance:

• This bill shows the government’s commitment to those who protect democracy.
• This initiative will provide economic and social support to families affected during the Emergency.
• This effort will also inspire future generations to defend democracy.

Introduction:

• This refers to legal measures that allow the government to respond quickly to situations that threaten the country's stability and democracy.

Constitutional Provisions:

• These provisions are outlined in Articles 352 to 360 under Part XVIII of the Constitution.
• The emergency provisions in the Indian Constitution were inspired by the Weimar Constitution of Germany.

Types of Emergencies:

• National Emergency (Article 352)
• State Emergency (Article 356)
• Financial Emergency (Article 360)

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Green Rajasthan Campaign

Why in News?

The Rajasthan government has set an ambitious goal to plant 10 crore trees in the financial year 2025-26. This initiative is part of the larger “ Hariyalo Rajasthan Abhiyan ” aimed at enhancing the state’s green cover.

About the Campaign:

• The tree-planting campaign, known as Hariyali Teej, was officially launched on 7th August 2024.
• The Chief Minister kicked off the campaign by planting a Peepal tree at Gahota in the Dudu district, symbolizing the government’s commitment to increasing the green cover in Rajasthan.

‘ Ek Ped Maa Ke Naam ’ Campaign

• Building on the success of previous initiatives, the state is now focused on planting 50 crore saplings over the next five years under the Mission Hariyalo Rajasthan.
• In the fiscal year 2024-25, the state has already planted 7 crore saplings as part of this mission.

Objectives of the Green Rajasthan Campaign

• To enhance the greenness of Rajasthan and expand the forested areas within the state.
• To safeguard the environment and maintain a balanced climate.
• To preserve biodiversity and establish a healthier ecosystem for wildlife.
• To motivate local communities to actively participate in tree-planting activities.
• To combat desertification and promote the conservation of soil.

Ek Ped Maa Ke Naam Campaign

• Launched by the Prime Minister on World Environment Day, June 5, 2024, this campaign promotes the idea of planting a tree as a gesture of love for one’s mother.
• The campaign encourages individuals to pledge to protect trees and the Earth, fostering a sense of responsibility towards environmental conservation.

Objectives of the Ek Ped Maa Ke Naam Campaign

• To prevent land erosion and rehabilitate degraded lands.
• To promote environmental protection and increase the overall green cover.
• To set ambitious targets of planting 80 crore trees by September 2024 and 140 crore trees by March 2025.

Strategy of the Ek Ped Maa Ke Naam Campaign

• The campaign adopts a “ Whole of Government ” and “ Whole of Society ” approach, emphasizing the involvement of all sectors of society in enhancing India’s green cover.
• It encourages collective efforts from citizens, communities, and local authorities to actively participate in the tree-planting drive, fostering a sense of shared responsibility towards environmental conservation.

Ana Sagar Lake

Lake Preservation

Why in News?

The Supreme Court has directed the Rajasthan government to remove the Seven Wonders and Food Court constructed along the banks of Ana Sagar Lake in Ajmer.

Supreme Court Directives

• The Seven Wonders Park is to be demolished or relocated within six months.
• The food court must be completely demolished by April 7, 2025.
• The court stressed the need to address any new damages in the city area.

National Green Tribunal Involvement

• The National Green Tribunal (NGT) has adopted a stringent approach towards protecting the wetland area of Ana Sagar Lake.

Petition Against Illegal Construction

• A former councilor of Ajmer highlighted issues of illegal construction along the banks of Ana Sagar Lake.
• He alleged that this construction violated the wetland area regulations and the master plan.
• Following his concerns, a petition was filed in the NGT, leading to removal orders in August 2023.
• The Ajmer Development Authority appealed these orders in the Supreme Court in January 2024.

About Ana Sagar Lake

• Ana Sagar Lake is an artificial lake built by Arunoraj or Anaaji Chauhan, the father of Prithviraj Chauhan, between 1135-1150 AD.
• The lake was named Aana Sagar or Ana Sagar in honour of its builder.
• It spans an area of approximately 13 km.
• The Mughal emperor Jahangir later constructed Daulat Bagh, also known as Subhash Udyan, in the lake's courtyard.
• In 1637 AD, Shah Jahan built a marble Baradari (pavilion) around the lake, enhancing its aesthetic appeal.
• Ana Sagar Lake is a crucial water source for Ajmer and plays a vital role in preserving local biodiversity and supporting migratory birds.

Subsidies for Farmers in Rajasthan

Rajasthan Farmer Support

Why in News?

The Rajasthan Chief Minister has announced new benefits and subsidies for farmers, which include Rs 137 crore in grants for 30,000 agriculturists. Revised guidelines for agricultural schemes and livestock healthcare have also been introduced, focusing on the welfare of small and marginal farmers for the state’s development.

Launch of New Initiatives:

During a farmers’ conference and a farmer producer organisation (FPO) programme in Bikaner, the Chief Minister introduced new agricultural measures.

• Increased subsidy amounts
• Expansion of the Mangala Pashu Bima Yojana
• New guidelines to promote organic farming and horticulture

He distributed welfare scheme cheques to farmers, encouraging them to join FPOs for better income opportunities through collective farming.

Food Security and Financial Support:

• Under the PM-Fasal Bima Yojana, the state government has transferred Rs 1,400 crore to over 72 lakh farmers.
• Provided Rs 29,000 crore in interest-free crop loans to 47 lakh farmers.
• Disbursed Rs 3,000 crore in insurance claims under the Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN).

Under the scheme, the Centre transfers Rs 6,000 per year in three equal instalments directly into the bank accounts of all landholding farmers, regardless of the size of their land holdings. This scheme was launched in February 2019. It is a Central Sector Scheme with 100% funding from the Government of India, implemented by the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare. The responsibility for identifying beneficiary farmer families lies with the State / UT Governments.

Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana

Launched in 2016, this scheme is administered by the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare. It replaced the National Agricultural Insurance Scheme (NAIS) and Modified National Agricultural Insurance Scheme (MNAIS).

Eligibility:

Farmers, including sharecroppers and tenant farmers, growing notified crops in the notified areas are eligible for coverage.

Rajasthan Coaching Centers (Control and Regulation) Bill, 2025

Coaching Regulation Bill

Why in News?

The Rajasthan Coaching Centers (Control and Regulation) Bill, 2025 was introduced in the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly with the objective of regulating and controlling coaching centers in the state.

The primary goals of the bill are to curb the commercialization of coaching institutes, ensure student welfare, and prevent the rising incidents of student suicides resulting from excessive pressure and mental stress.

Need for the Bill

• Every year, a large number of students in Rajasthan, particularly in Kota, prepare for various competitive exams.
• The intense pressure, mental stress, and fear of failure associated with this preparation have led to an increase in suicide incidents among students.

Key Provisions of the Bill

• Compulsory Registration: All coaching institutes will be required to register. Coaching centers with 50 or more students will fall under this requirement.
• Penalty Provisions: Coaching centers that violate registration conditions will face penalties. The first violation may incur a penalty of Rs 2 lakh, while subsequent violations could lead penalties of up to Rs 5 lakh. Repeated violations may result in the cancellation of registration.
• Establishment of Regulatory Authority: To oversee and implement the new regulations, the 'Rajasthan Coaching Centre Control and Regulation Authority' will be established.

Fee Control Measures

• Unreasonable fee collection practices will be prohibited, ensuring that fees are reasonable and rational.
• Receipt issuance for all types of fee payments will be mandatory.
• In cases where a student withdraws from a course midway, the remaining fee must be refunded on a pro-rata basis within 10 days.
• Collecting the entire fee upfront will be forbidden; students must be allowed to pay in at least four installments.

Prohibition on Misleading Advertisements

• Advertisements that make false claims or guarantee higher rankings or points are strictly prohibited.

Maximum Class Time Limit

• To mitigate student fatigue, the maximum duration of coaching classes will be limited to 5 hours per day.
• Coaching centers will be required to provide students with one day off each week.

Counseling System

• A counseling system will be developed in coaching centers to support students' mental health and well-being.

Grievance Redressal Committee

• A district-level committee will be established to address complaints from students, parents, and teachers. The committee will be responsible for providing solutions within 30 days.

Gambhiri River

Gambhiri River Issues

Why in News?

The Rajasthan High Court has taken up the matter of alleged encroachment in the floodplain of the Gambhiri River, which is a crucial water source for the Ghana Bird Sanctuary. The court has sought a response from the state government regarding this issue. In its directives, the court has issued notices to several high-ranking officials, including the Chief Secretary, Divisional Commissioner (Bharatpur), Principal Revenue Secretary, District Collector (Karauli), and Superintendent of Police (Karauli). These officials have been instructed to submit their replies within a timeframe of eight weeks.

Public Interest Litigation (PIL)

• The court's order came during the preliminary hearing of a petition concerning the matter.
• The lawyer representing the petitioner informed the court that the Pachna dam supplies water to the Ghana Bird Sanctuary through the Gambhiri River. However, this water flow is currently obstructed due to encroachment activities.
• Furthermore, the lawyer highlighted that approximately 230 bigha of land in Sanent village, located in the Karauli district, has been encroached upon for several years. This land is part of the river's flow area and its encroachment is disrupting the ecological balance of the sanctuary.
• The Gambhiri River, also referred to locally as the Utangan River, is an important seasonal river in Rajasthan, predominantly flowing during the rainy season. This river traverses the north-eastern region of Rajasthan.

Aravalli Hills

• The river originates near Hindaun in the Karauli district and flows from south to north.
• It forms a natural border between Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh before merging with the Yamuna River in Agra.
• The total length of the river is approximately 288 kilometres.
• The main tributaries of the Gambhiri River include Sesa, Kher, and Parvati.

Keoladeo National Park

• UNESCO World Heritage Site: Keoladeo National Park, also known as Keoladeo Ghana National Park, is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site due to its significance as a wetland and bird sanctuary. It is situated in Bharatpur, Rajasthan, and is considered one of the most important bird sanctuaries in the world.
• Ramsar Sites: In 1981, Keoladeo National Park was designated as one of India’s first Ramsar sites, highlighting its status as a Wetland of International Importance. Along with Chilika Lake in Odisha, Keoladeo National Park was recognized for its ecological significance.
• Montreux Record: Keoladeo National Park is listed in the Montreux Record, which is a register of Ramsar Sites that are under threat. This highlights the park's importance and the need for its conservation.
• Bird Diversity: The park is famous for its rich biodiversity, particularly its variety of bird species. It is home to over 365 species of birds, including many rare and endangered species. One of the most notable species is the Siberian crane, which migrates to the park for breeding.
• Wildlife: In addition to birds, Keoladeo National Park is home to various wildlife species, including jackals, sambar deer, nilgai, wild cats, hyenas, wild boars, porcupines, and mongooses. This diversity of fauna, along with the variety of bird species, makes the park an important ecological area.
• Vegetation: The predominant vegetation in Keoladeo National Park is a tropical dry deciduous forest, interspersed with dry grasslands. The forest is primarily dominated by Acacia nilotica, a species of acacia tree. This type of vegetation is typical of the region and supports the diverse wildlife found in the park.
• Rivers: The Gambhiri and Banganga rivers flow through Keoladeo National Park, contributing to its wetland ecosystem. These rivers play a crucial role in maintaining the park's biodiversity and providing habitat for various species.

International Forest Day Celebrations in Rajasthan

Wildlife Conservation

Why in News?

International Forest Day was celebrated on March 21, 2025, at the Rajasthan International Centre (RIC) in Jaipur. During this event, the Chief Minister of Rajasthan launched several programs aimed at forest conservation, tourism, and climate change.

Details of the Programs Launched

• Forest Training and Management Institute: The foundation stone for this institute was laid in Jaipur to enhance training and management practices related to forests.
• Ecotourism Initiatives:New ecotourism projects were introduced in the following areas:
  • Sitamata Wildlife Sanctuary
  • Nahargarh Biological Park
• Facility Improvements: Enhancements were made to facilities, including the introduction of electric golf carts in Bharatpur to promote eco-friendly transportation.
• Soil Health Card and CRESEP Logo: The Soil Health Card was unveiled, along with the logo for the Climate Change Response and Ecosystem Services Enhancement (CRESEP) initiative.
• DG-Forest App: This app was launched to promote transparency and accountability within the Forest Department.
• Vanmitra Kits: Kits were distributed to Vanmitras (forest guardians), and women forest personnel working in the field were honoured for their contributions.

International Forest Day: Background and Theme

The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) first initiated the International Day of Forests, known as “World Forestry Day,” in 1971. It was later officially recognised by the United Nations General Assembly in 2012. The purpose of this day is to raise awareness about the importance of forest conservation and sustainable management. The theme for International Day of Forests in 2025 is “Forests and Food.”

Nahargarh Wildlife Sanctuary: Overview

Nahargarh Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the Aravalli hills, approximately 20 kilometres from Jaipur, Rajasthan. The sanctuary is named after the 18th-century Nahargarh Fort, which was built by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II, the founder of Jaipur. The sanctuary covers an area of 720 hectares and includes the Nahargarh Biological Park, known for its safaris.

Flora and Fauna of Nahargarh Wildlife Sanctuary

Flora

• The sanctuary is characterised by dry deciduous forests, scrublands, and grasslands.

Fauna

• Mammals: The sanctuary is home to various mammals, including leopards, deer, tigers, sloth bears, wild boars, and several smaller mammal species.
• Birds: Birdwatchers can find a variety of birds, including peacocks, owls, and eagles, along with numerous migratory bird species.
• Reptiles and Amphibians: The sanctuary hosts reptiles such as Indian rock pythons and monitor lizards, as well as amphibians like frogs and toads.

Keoladeo National Park: UNESCO World Heritage Site

Keoladeo National Park, located in Bharatpur, Rajasthan, is a renowned wetland and bird sanctuary recognised as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is considered one of the most important bird sanctuaries in the world. In 1981, Keoladeo National Park, along with Loktak Lake in Manipur, was designated as India's first Ramsar site. Currently, both Keoladeo National Park and Loktak Lake are listed in the Montreux Record.

Rivers: The Gambhir and Banganga rivers flow through Keoladeo National Park, contributing to its rich biodiversity and providing habitats for various species.

Mukundra Hills Tiger Reserve

Caracal Habitat

Why in News?

A caracal, a medium-sized and locally threatened cat, was spotted for the first time in Rajasthan.

About Caracal:

• Scientific Name: Caracal caracal Schmitzi
• The caracal is a nocturnal cat found in Africa, the Middle East, Central Asia, and South Asia.
• It is recognised by its long, pointed ears with black tufts.
• The name comes from the Turkish word ‘karakulak,. meaning black ears.
• It is a highly agile predator known for its speed and jumping ability.
• Its main diet includes small hoofed animals and rodents.

Historical Importance:

• The caracal has been an important part of Indian wildlife.
• It is mentioned in historical texts such as Khamsa-i-Nizami and Shahnama, showing its role in hunting.
• It was once widespread across 13 states in India.

Distribution:

• Malwa Plateau
• Aravalli hill range
• Caracals are mainly found in Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, and Kutch.
• They are also present in many countries across Africa, the Middle East, Central, and South Asia.

Habitats:

• They inhabit semi-deserts, steppes, savannah, scrubland, dry forests, and moist woodlands.
• Caracals prefer open, drier scrubby habitats and require cover.

Declination in Numbers:

• The caracal population in India has dropped to less than 50.
• Between 2001 and 2020, their numbers have decreased by over 95%.
• Habitat loss and urbanisation have made their main food scarce.

Conservation Status:

• IUCN Red List: Least Concern
• Wildlife Protection Act, 1972: Schedule I
• CITES: Appendix I
• The National Board for Wildlife classified the caracal as Least Concern in 2021.
• They are found in the Hadauti region of Rajasthan, covering an area of 759 square kilometres across four districts: Kota, Bundi, Chittaurgarh, and Jhalawar.
• The reserve includes a core area of 417 square kilometres and a buffer zone of 342 square kilometres.
• It was declared a protected area in 1955, with dense, thick trees.

Chambal:

• This tiger reserve is bordered by four rivers: Ramzan, Aahu, and Kali.
• It is located between the Mukundra and Gagrola hills, within the Chambal river tributaries.

Ranthambore:

• Sariska Tiger Reserves.
• Mukundra Hills Tiger Reserve is the third largest tiger reserve in Rajasthan.
• The National Tiger Conservation Authority, in collaboration with the Government of Rajasthan, declared it a Tiger Reserve in 2013 under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.

Give Up Abhiyan

The Food Security Scheme

• In Rajasthan, over 13 lakh eligible beneficiaries voluntarily removed their names from the food security database.
• This decision eased the government's financial burden by Rs 246 crore.

About Give Up Campaign:

• The Rajasthan government launched this campaign in November 2023.
• Its goal is to encourage capable and ineligible individuals to voluntarily forfeit benefits from the Food Security Scheme.

The Poverty Line

• The campaign targets those who have surpassed the eligibility criteria for the scheme.
• To date, 13 lakh 58 thousand 498 individuals have chosen to opt out of the Food Security Scheme benefits.

National Food Security Act, 2013 (NFSA)

• The NFSA signifies a transition from a welfare-based approach to a rights-based framework for food security.
• It encompasses:
  • 75% of the rural population
  • 50% of the urban population

Antyodaya Anna Yojana

• This scheme caters to the most impoverished households, supplying 35 kg of food grains per family every month.
• Priority Households (PHH) receive 5 kg of food grains per person each month.
• To qualify for ration cards, the head of the household must be the eldest woman aged 18 or older.

Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS)

• The Act guarantees that children between 6 months and 14 years old receive free nutritious food through a network of Anganwadi centres.

Antyodaya Anna Yojana History

• The programme was initiated in December 2000 to combat food shortages for individuals living below the Poverty Line.
• Initially offering 25 kg of food grains per month, the provision increased to 35 kg in April 2002.

One Time Settlement Scheme

Why in News?

The Rajasthan government has introduced the One Time Settlement Scheme (OTS) to assist farmers and small entrepreneurs facing financial challenges.

Objective of the Scheme

• The primary objective is to protect farmers and small entrepreneurs from financial distress and to support land development banks.
• The scheme aims to improve the financial health of land development banks by enhancing their loan recovery rates.

Benefits for Borrowers

• Borrowers who repay the full principal of overdue medium and long-term loans by 1st July 2024 will receive a 100% interest rebate.
• A 5% subsidy will be offered to eligible loan members, facilitating the acquisition of new loans.

Targeted Support

• The scheme is designed to assist 36,351 defaulting loan members associated with land development banks.
• It aims to alleviate the burden of overdue loans, which currently amount to Rs. 760 crores due to various disasters affecting farmers.

Government Investment

• The government plans to invest Rs. 200 crore to facilitate loan recovery and improve the financial stability of land development banks.

Importance of the Scheme

• The scheme will enable farmers to secure new loans, thereby enhancing their production capacity and overall productivity.
• Small business owners will benefit from financial support, allowing them to rebuild and strengthen their enterprises post-crisis.
• By improving the loan recovery rate of land development banks, the scheme aims to enhance the overall financial health of these institutions, ensuring their continued support for agricultural and rural development.

Role of Land Development Banks

Land Development Banks (LDB) play a crucial role in providing long-term loans for various agricultural and rural development activities, including:

• Land improvement
• Irrigation
• Horticulture
• Purchasing agricultural equipment
• Animal husbandry
• Other agricultural activities

Historical Background

• The first land development bank in India was established in 1920 in Jhang, Punjab, followed by the second bank in 1929 in Chennai, marking the beginning of the expansion of land development banks in the country.

Sources of Finance for Land Development Banks

• Grants and assistance from Central and State Governments
• Funding for agriculture and rural development
• Issuing bonds to raise long-term finance
• Loans from various cooperative and commercial banks

Loan Disbursement and Repayment Process

• Land Development Banks offer long-term loans with a tenure ranging from 20 to 30 years.
• The loan amount is typically capped at 50% of the land value or 30 times the annual revenue of the land.
• Prior to loan approval, a thorough verification of land ownership, income, and the necessity of the loan is conducted to ensure the legitimacy and necessity of the loan request.
• The interest rates for these loans generally fall between 11% and 12%, and it is advisable to compare these rates with prevailing market rates to ensure they remain competitive and beneficial for farmers.

RMSCL Honored at the Digitech Awards 2025

Oxygen Management Award

Why in News?

On March 18, 2025, the Rajasthan Medical Services Corporation (RMSCL) was awarded the ET Government Digitech Award 2025 for its outstanding efforts in improving oxygen resource management through the use of digital technology.

About the Award

• The award recognises RMSCL's significant advancements in managing oxygen resources more efficiently with the help of digital tools.
• It aims to promote innovation, digitisation, and effective resource management within medical services.

About Rajasthan Medical Services Corporation (RMSCL)

• RMSCL is a public sector undertaking established by the Government of Rajasthan in 2011.
• The corporation was set up to strengthen and improve medical and health services across the state.
• Its primary responsibility is to ensure the supply of essential medicines, medical equipment, and other necessary health facilities to support the state's healthcare system.

About the Government Digitech Awards

• The ET Government Digitech Awards are sponsored by the Union Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology.
• These awards recognise individuals and organisations that have made significant contributions to the digital transformation of public services.
• During the event, 30 winners from various parts of India were honoured for their contributions.
• Other states such as Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Telangana, Odisha, Kerala, Tripura, West Bengal, and Haryana also received awards in different categories for their achievements.

Poverty Free Village Scheme

Why in News?

The Chief Minister of Rajasthan has set an ambitious goal to eradicate poverty from 5,000 villages in the state through the "Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya Poverty Free Village Scheme." These villages currently have families living below the poverty line. To facilitate this effort, a substantial fund of Rs 300 crore has been allocated to uplift all families in the identified villages above the poverty line. Additionally, residents of illegal colonies will be granted leases under this scheme.

Phase One of the Scheme

• The initial phase of the scheme will target 5,000 villages for development.
• The government will implement various development initiatives, including:
  • Self-employment opportunities
  • Skill enhancement programmes
  • Financial assistance
  • Support in education and healthcare
• To improve connectivity and job opportunities, Major District Roads (MDRs) will be developed, enhancing transportation facilities in these villages.

This initiative aims to bolster the rural economy and is a significant step towards achieving a poverty-free state. The government is committed to making every citizen self-reliant and eliminating poverty.

Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya

• Birth and Early Life: Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya was born on 25 September 1916. He was an Indian politician, philosopher, and thinker closely associated with the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) and the Bharatiya Jana Sangh (BJS).
• Focus on Antyodaya: Upadhyaya emphasized the concept of Antyodaya, which means uplifting every individual in society, particularly the most marginalized and deprived sections.
• Integral Humanism: He was the originator of the philosophy of Integral Humanism, which advocated for welfare, social justice, economic equality, and self-reliance for all members of society.
• Antyodaya Diwas: In recognition of his contributions to the nation, his birth anniversary has been celebrated as Antyodaya Diwas since 2014. This day honors his commitment to uplifting the underprivileged and promoting social and economic equality.

Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana-NRLM

• The National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM) was renamed in 2015 to honor Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya.
• In 2018, Mughalsarai Junction in Uttar Pradesh was renamed after Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya as a tribute to his contributions.

Sajjangarh Wildlife Sanctuary

Wildfire Threat

Why in News?

A wildfire that started in Rajasthan poses a serious risk to wildlife.

About the Sanctuary:

• The sanctuary is situated in the Udaipur district of Rajasthan, renowned for its rich biodiversity and the historic Sajjangarh Palace.
• It spans an area of 5.19 square kilometres, safeguarded by a rocky wall known as Kishan Pol.

Wildlife and Flora:

• The sanctuary hosts a variety of wildlife species, including panthers, jackals, hyenas, and sambars.
• A wide range of birds and reptiles also inhabit the area.

Jiyan Lake:

• Jiyan Lake, also referred to as Tiger Lake or Bari Lake, is a crucial water source for the sanctuary.
• The lake was created by Maharana Raj Singh in 1664 and covers approximately 3.24 square kilometres, with a capacity of 400 million cubic feet of water.
• It is part of the Sajjangarh Palace (Monsoon Palace), constructed in 1884 and named after Maharana Sajjan Singh of the Mewar dynasty.
• The area was designated as a wildlife sanctuary in 1987.

Aravalli Range:

• The Aravalli mountain range extends from Gujarat through Rajasthan to Delhi, measuring 692 km in length and 10 to 120 km in width.
• This range functions as a natural green wall, with 80% of its area in Rajasthan and 20% in Haryana, Delhi, and Gujarat.
• It comprises two main ranges: the Sambhar Sirohi range and the Sambhar Khetri range, stretching about 560 km in Rajasthan.
• The range acts as an ecotone between the Thar Desert and the Gangetic Plain, where different ecosystems converge.
• The highest peak in this range is Gurushikhar, located in Rajasthan at an elevation of 1,722 meters.

Cooperative Societies in Rajasthan

Cooperative Movement

Why in News?

A four-member delegation from Zambia visited various cooperative institutions in Rajasthan, including the Jaipur Central Cooperative Bank and Apex Bank, to observe how services are provided to the public.

International Cooperative Year, 2025

• Under the International Cooperative Year, delegations from different countries are visiting each other to learn about cooperative systems.
• The Zambian delegation explored several cooperative societies in Jaipur, such as the Bilwa Gram Seva Cooperative Society and the Bad Ka Balaji Primary Milk Producers Cooperative Society, to understand the implementation and improvement of cooperative schemes.
• They learned about the positive impact of the cooperative movement and the significance of cooperative institutions in Rajasthan.
• Discussions also covered the recovery campaign for outstanding loans in the non-agricultural sector by the Primary Cooperative Land Development Bank of Rajasthan.
• The Zambian representatives shared insights into their cooperative policies and programs, fostering an exchange of experiences between Zambia and India.

Co-operative Societies

Co-operatives are businesses that are owned and run by their members, aiming to meet their economic, social, and cultural needs.

• Co-operatives promote democratic and fair participation among people.
• Members, whether they are customers, workers, or residents, have an equal say in management, following the rule of “one member, one vote.”
• All members have the same voting rights, regardless of their financial contributions.

Indian Perspective:

• India has more than 8.5 lakh cooperative societies that reach 90% of villages, playing a crucial role in socio-economic development for inclusive growth in both rural and urban areas.

97th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2011:

• The amendment granted constitutional status to cooperative societies.

Patli River

River Restoration

Why in News?

On March 13, 2025, the Education Minister of Rajasthan launched the restoration project for the Patli River in Kota.

About Patli River:

• The Patli River is a 37-kilometre-long river that originates in the Mandsaur district of Madhya Pradesh.
• It flows through and enters Ramganj Mandi in Rajasthan, covering a distance of about 12 kilometres within the state.
• Eventually, the Patli River merges with the Aahu River in Suket.

Restoration of the River:

• The restoration project aims to revive the extinct Patli River with an investment of Rs 5 crore.
• The restoration process will involve the removal of debris, glass, stone pieces, and other waste materials from the river sediment.
• The river's width will be expanded to approximately 40 metres, and its banks will be strengthened to prevent erosion.
• Ghats (steps leading to the water) will be constructed at suitable locations along the riverbanks to facilitate access.
• Some areas along the river will have beds built for water filling, enhancing water storage capacity.
• The restoration is expected to benefit irrigation facilities for approximately 7,050 hectares of agricultural land in 40 villages.
• Natural water flow in the river will be restored, helping to alleviate waterlogging issues in nearby fields.
• The project will also contribute to controlling land erosion and soil degradation in the area.

Overview of Kota:

• Kota is believed to have derived its name from the Kota Fort.
• The city is often referred to as the 'Kanpur of Rajasthan. due to its industrial and educational significance.
• Kota is situated on the banks of the Chambal River, which adds to its geographical importance.
• The Jawahar Sagar Dam, built on the Chambal River, and the Harishchandra Sagar Dam, constructed on the Kali Sindh River, are notable landmarks in Kota.
• With its growing population and economic activities, Kota has become the third largest city in Rajasthan, following Jaipur and Jodhpur.

Literacy in Kota:

• As per the 2011 census, Kota boasts the highest literacy rate in Rajasthan at 76.6%.

Major Places to Visit in Kota:

• Mukundwara Hills. Located between Kota and Jhalawar, these hills offer scenic views and trekking opportunities.
• Vibhishana Temple. The only temple dedicated to Vibhishana in India, situated in Kaithun, attracting devotees and tourists alike.
• Mathuradhish Temple. A significant pilgrimage site for the Vaishnav sect, known for its religious importance and architecture.
• Shiva Temple of Kansua. An 8th-century temple where the first rays of sunlight directly illuminate the Shivalinga, a unique phenomenon.
• Geparnath Shivalaya. A historic Shiva temple from the Gupta period, showcasing ancient architectural styles and religious practices.
• Snake Park. The only snake park in Rajasthan, offering educational insights into various snake species and their conservation.

Skill Development Policy 2025

Skill Development

Why in News?

On 9th March 2025, the Rajasthan Cabinet approved the Rajasthan Skill Development Policy-2025 to enhance youth skills and generate employment in the state.

About the Policy:

• The aim of this policy is to train the youth to meet modern industrial needs and provide them with new job opportunities.
• It seeks to boost industrial growth while equipping the workforce for global competition.

Initiatives and features:

• Modernisation of Industrial Training Institutes (ITI): The state government will update the ITIs to align with the latest industry requirements.
• This will include new curriculum, training modules, and on-the-job training, offering youth practical experience.
• Establishment of Model Career Centres: These centres will be set up in all divisional headquarters to connect youth with career counselling, internships, and job opportunities.
• They will act as a vital link between students and industries.
• Training in modern technologies: Youth will receive training in advanced technologies such as:
• Artificial Intelligence (AI)
• Machine Learning
• Cyber Security
• Local Industrial Cluster Training Centres: Local training centres will be established in various industrial areas to train workers based on specific industrial needs.
• This will provide skilled workers to local industries and increase job opportunities.
• Reskilling and Upskilling: The policy will focus on upgrading and retraining workers to help them adapt to changing industrial conditions and technological progress.

Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY)

• The Skill India Mission was launched in 2015, introducing the PMKVY.
• It aims to train over 40 crore people in India in various skills through ongoing initiatives.
• The programme provides vocational training and certification to Indian youth for better livelihoods and respect in society.
• National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC): PMKVY is implemented under the guidance of the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE).

Rajasthan Coaching Center (Control and Regulation) Bill 2025

Coaching Regulation Bill

Why in News?

The Rajasthan Cabinet has given its approval for the regulation of coaching institutes within the state, aiming to establish a safe and supportive environment for students. This legislation will apply to all coaching institutes under the jurisdiction of the state government. Registration will be compulsory for all coaching institutes as per the Rajasthan Coaching Center (Control and Regulation) Bill-2025. Institutes with 50 or more students will be subject to legal scrutiny. A specialized regulatory authority will be established to ensure compliance with the rules.

Objective of the Bill:

The primary objective of this bill is to safeguard the rights of students and improve their mental health.

It focuses on promoting transparency and accountability within coaching institutes while ensuring a safe and supportive atmosphere for students.

Transparency and Monitoring:

To facilitate transparency and monitoring of coaching institutes, the following measures will be implemented:

• A state-level portal will be established.
• A 24x7 helpline will be set up to provide mental health support and other services for students.

Penalties and Compliance:

The regulations stipulate stringent penalties for violations, including:

• A fine of Rs 2 lakh for the first offence.
• A fine of Rs 5 lakh for the second offence.
• Cancellation of registration for repeated violations.

POSHAN Abhiyaan: A Seven-Year Journey Towards Better Nutrition

Why in News?

POSHAN Abhiyaan marks its seventh anniversary on March 8, 2025, celebrating significant progress in improving nutrition levels and combating malnutrition across the country.

POSHAN Abhiyaan. An Overview

Launched on March 8, 2018, during International Women’s Day in Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, POSHAN Abhiyaan, also known as the National Nutrition Mission, focuses on addressing the nutritional needs of vulnerable groups, including:

• Adolescents
• Pregnant women
• Lactating mothers
• Children aged 0-6 years

The initiative aims to reduce critical issues such as:

• Stunting
• Under-nutrition among young children, women, and adolescent girls
• Low birth weight babies

Strategic Pillars of POSHAN Abhiyaan

The success of POSHAN Abhiyaan rests on four key pillars:

• Integrated Child Development Scheme
• National Health Mission (NHM)
• Quality Services: Enhancing health services through the Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY), focusing on the crucial first 1,000 days of a child’s life.
• Sector Coordination: Promoting collaboration across various ministries, such as water and sanitation, to ensure a comprehensive approach to nutrition.

The National Council on India’s Nutrition Challenges, led by NITI Aayog, plays a vital role in overseeing policies and reviewing nutrition efforts on a quarterly basis.

Nutrition Tracker and Technological Advancements

POSHAN Abhiyaan employs advanced technology for real-time data monitoring and service delivery through the ICDS-Common Application Software. This ensures effective implementation of Anganwadi services and promotes community-led nutrition awareness and behaviour change through Jan Andolan initiatives.

Major Achievements in Nutrition

As per the Nutrition Tracker data from December 2022:

• Around 7.44 crore children under six years were assessed.
• 36% were found to be stunted.
• 17% were underweight.
• 6% of children under five were wasted.

National Family Health Survey-5 (NFHS-5) Findings

The recent NFHS-5 report (2019-21) indicates significant improvements in nutritional indicators for children under five compared to NFHS-4 (2015-16):

• Stunting reduced from 38.4% to 35.5%.
• Malnutrition decreased from 21.0% to 19.3%.
• Underweight prevalence dropped from 35.8% to 32.1%.

National Health Mission (NHM) Overview

The NHM, initiated by the Indian government in 2013, merges the National Rural Health Mission (started in 2005) and the National Urban Health Mission (initiated in 2013). It aims to strengthen health systems in rural and urban areas, focusing on Reproductive-Maternal-Neonatal-Child and Adolescent Health (RMNCH+A) and addressing Communicable Diseases. The mission strives for universal access to fair, affordable, and quality healthcare that meets the diverse needs of the population.

Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY)

PMMVY is a maternity benefit programme operational in all districts since January 1, 2017. It is a centrally sponsored scheme managed by the Ministry of Women and Child Development. Under this Direct Benefit Transfer Scheme, cash benefits are provided directly to pregnant women’s bank accounts to support their nutritional needs and compensate for wage loss during pregnancy.

IIFA Awards 2025

IIFA Awards 2025

Why in News?

The 2025 International Indian Film Academy (IIFA) Awards were held in Jaipur from March 8th to 9th, 2025.

Event Highlights:

• Celebrating its 25th anniversary, the IIFA Awards recognized outstanding talent in Indian cinema.
• Kiran Rao's film Missing Ladies led the night with multiple awards, including Best Film and Best Director.
• Kartik Aaryan won Best Lead Role (Male) for his performance in Bhool Bhulaiyaa 3.
• Raghav Juyal was awarded Best Negative Role for his work in Kill.
• The IIFA Awards are an annual celebration of Hindi cinema, with winners decided by a mix of fan and industry votes.
• Online voting allows fans to choose their favorite actors from the Indian Hindi film industry.
• IIFA reserves the right to disqualify any submission or achievement.
• The inaugural IIFA ceremony took place in London in 2000, and the event has since been hosted in various locations globally, reflecting the international reach of Hindi cinema.

Mahi-Luni Link Project

Western Rajasthan Canal Project

Mahi River

• The Mahi River is one of the major rivers in India that flows from east to west. It originates in the state of Madhya Pradesh, flows through Rajasthan, and finally enters Gujarat, where it empties into the Arabian Sea.
• The river is known for its unique feature of crossing the Tropic of Cancer twice, which is a rare occurrence for any river in India.

Luni River

• The Luni River, also known by various names such as Sakri, Lavanavati, Lavanadri, and Khari-Meethi River, originates from the Nag Mountain in the Aravalli range in Rajasthan.
• It flows through several districts in southwestern Rajasthan, including Ajmer, Nagaur, Pali, Jodhpur, Barmer, and Jalore, before disappearing into the Rann of Kutch.
• The river is primarily seasonal, with its flow largely during the monsoon, and has several tributaries, including Lildi, Sukdi, Bandi, Meethri, Jojri, Jawai, and Sagai. The Jojri is the only tributary that joins the Luni from the right.

Linking Project

• VEPCOS WAPCOS is currently preparing a feasibility report for the Mahi-Luni Linking Project, which aims to connect the Mahi River with the Luni River.
• WAPCOS Limited is a public sector enterprise that provides consultancy and engineering solutions in various sectors, including water, power, and infrastructure, both in India and internationally.

Objectives of the Project

• Utilise surplus water from the Mahi River.
• Supply water to the water-scarce Jalore district.
• Promote water conservation and recharge water sources.
• Improve agriculture and drinking water supply in the region.

Technical and Implementation Aspects

• The feasibility report includes studies on the linkage between the two rivers, testing water supply options under the Sujalam-Sufalam project, planning dam recharging under the Run-off Water Grid Scheme, and preparing the Detailed Project Report (DPR) and Pre-Feasibility Report (PFR).

Coalition of Cities for Circularity (C-3)

Circular Economy Initiatives

Recently, the Union Minister of Housing and Urban Affairs introduced the Coalition of Cities for Circularity (C-3).

About the Coalition (C-3):

• The Coalition (C-3) is dedicated to promoting sustainable urban development.
• It aims to facilitate global partnerships for city-to-city collaboration, knowledge sharing, and private sector engagement in the Asia-Pacific region.
• The primary objective is to support cities in addressing challenges related to waste management and resource efficiency.
• The Prime Minister of India proposed the formation of a working group from member countries to finalize the structure and operational framework of the C-3 Alliance for effective implementation.

Announcement:

• The Coalition was announced during the 12th Regional 3R and Circular Economy Forum on Asia, which took place in Jaipur.

CITIIS 2.0

• During the inaugural ceremony in Jaipur, a significant Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed, marking a crucial step in urban sustainability initiatives.
• The MoU involves agreements worth Rs 1,800 crore for City Investments to Innovate, Integrate and Sustain 2.0 (CITIIS 2.0), benefiting 18 cities across 14 states.

12th Regional Forum Meeting

• The 12th Regional Forum Meeting is a platform that promotes the 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) principles and circular economy practices throughout the Asia-Pacific region.
• It brings together policymakers, industry leaders, researchers, and partners to enhance resource efficiency strategies.
• Launched in 2009, the forum aims to advance 3R principles and resource efficiency across the region.
• The Hanoi 3R Declaration (2013-2023) set forth 33 voluntary goals to promote a resource-efficient and circular economy.

Theme and Objectives:

• The theme of the forum is "Realising Circular Societies Towards Achieving SDGs and Carbon Neutrality in Asia-Pacific."
• Objectives of the forum include:
  • Discussing and agreeing on a voluntary, non-binding "3R and Circular Economy Declaration (2025-2034)" to promote a resource-efficient, low-carbon, and resilient Asia-Pacific.
  • Exploring the establishment of a Circular Economy Alliance Network (CEAN) to achieve Zero Waste Cities and Societies.
  • Discussing strategies for meeting net-zero targets and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Circular Economy Concept:

• A circular economy aims to ensure that materials are reused continuously and do not become waste, with a focus on regenerating natural resources.
• It involves keeping products and materials in circulation through maintenance, reuse, refurbishment, manufacturing, recycling, and composting.
• The goal is to promote economic growth without overexploiting limited resources, addressing global challenges such as climate change, biodiversity loss, waste management, and pollution.

Varun Sagar Lake in Rajasthan

Varun Sagar Lake

Why in News?

The Rajasthan Assembly Speaker has officially changed the name of the famous Foy Sagar Lake in Ajmer to ‘Varun Sagar’. The speaker explained that the name Foy Sagar symbolizes slavery. This lake, created by the people of Ajmer, holds religious and social importance for all communities, including the Sindhi community. Since Lord Varun is respected by everyone, the lake will now be called “ Varun Sagar. ”

About the Lake

• Varun Sagar is an artificial lake situated in the Ajmer district of Rajasthan.
• The lake was built between 1891 and 1892 under the supervision of an English engineer named Foy as part of a relief project for flood and famine.
• Rajsamand Lake holds the distinction of being the first famine relief lake in Rajasthan, while Varun Sagar is the second.
• This lake is not only a crucial water body but also a popular tourist attraction in Rajasthan, originally constructed in the 17th century by Maharana Raj Singh.

Construction Details

• The construction of Varun Sagar commenced in 1662 and was completed in 1676, making it the oldest famine relief project in Rajasthan.
• The lake was built across the Kelwa and Tali rivers, with a catchment area of approximately 196 square miles.

Features of Varun Sagar

• The lake spans 4 miles in length, 1.7 miles in width, and reaches a depth of 60 feet.
• At the southern end of the lake, the white marble embankment known as Nauchowki is a notable feature.
• The Ghats, which are stone steps leading to the lake, are adorned with inscriptions detailing the history of Mewar.
• One of the highlights of the dam is the Raj-Prashasti viewpoint, which boasts the world’s longest and largest stone inscription in Sanskrit.

Udaya Gold Cup Football Tournament

Udaya Gold Cup

Why in News?

The 4th State-level Udaya Gold Cup Football Tournament is set to take place in Bikaner from March 1 to March 7, 2025.

Tournament Details:

• Hosted by: Master Udaya Club
• Venue: Pushkarna Stadium, Bikaner (equipped with floodlights)
• Total Matches: 11
• Registered Teams: 12 (with the possibility of more)

Participating Teams:

• Bikaner: 2 teams
• Jodhpur: 2 teams
• Jaipur: 2 teams
• Sri Ganganagar: 1 team
• Hanumangarh: 1 team
• Kota: 1 team
• Ajmer: 1 team
• Nagaur: 1 team
• Karauli: 1 team

Brief History of Bikaner:

• Founded in 1488 AD by Rao Bikaji, a prince of the Rathore clan.
• Geographic Coordinates: 28.01°N latitude and 73.9°E longitude.

Geographic Features:

• Bikaner is a desert district located in the western part of Rajasthan.
• The region is characterized by its arid landscape and the absence of major rivers.

Tourist Attractions:

• Karni Mata Temple: Known as the Temple of Rats, this site is famous for its unique worship of rats.
• Mukam Temple: The principal religious site for the Bishnoi community, reflecting their cultural and spiritual practices.
• Junagarh Fort: Renowned as one of the most beautiful forts in Rajasthan, showcasing impressive architecture and history.
• Bhandshah Jain Temple: An ancient Jain temple located within the city’s fortifications, highlighting Jain architectural style and religious significance.
• Lunkaransar:. notable saltwater lake, adding to the district’s unique geographical features.
• Gajner Sanctuary: Famous for its diverse wildlife, including the Imperial Sandgoose and wild boar, attracting nature enthusiasts and wildlife watchers.

Ancient Civilizations:

• The district is home to ancient sites such as Sothi, Poongal, and Dadhatora, which provide insight into early human settlements and cultures in the region.

Camel Research Centre:

• Established in Bikaner in 1984, this center is the largest of its kind in the world, focusing on camel research and breeding.
• The center plays a crucial role in the conservation and study of camels, which are integral to the local culture and economy.
• Each January, Bikaner hosts a camel festival, celebrating these animals with various activities and showcasing their importance to the region.

Arogya Mela-2025

Arogya Mela 2025

Why in News?

A 4-day state-level Arogya Mela was organised by the Government of Rajasthan from 1st to 4th March 2025 in Jaipur. The Minister of State for AYUSH mentioned that to achieve the idea of ‘Nirogi Rajasthan’, the state government is consistently promoting Ayurveda and Indian medical systems. This has led to a growing interest in AYUSH systems, which are becoming a strong alternative to allopathy. This initiative serves as a model for other states.

The aim of this fair was to:

• Increase public awareness about AYUSH medical systems.
• Provide free medical consultations and treatments.
• Promote a healthy lifestyle by highlighting the significance of yoga and naturopathy.

Treatment and counselling:

• Ayurveda
• Homeopathy
• Free medical consultations and treatments were offered by experts in Unani, Yoga, and Naturopathy medical systems.
• Special AYUSH treatment methods included:
  • Jalouka Chikitsa
  • Agnikarma Chikitsa
  • Osteopathy
  • Marma Chikitsa
  • Cupping Therapy
• Beauty experts shared information on maintaining beauty through herbal treatments and natural methods at the beauty clinic.

Information about the courses:

• Unani medicine
• Details regarding the admission process and eligibility for MD, MS, Graduate Degree, and Diploma courses were provided.
• Information was shared about skill development and educational opportunities in the fields of Ayurveda, Homeopathy, and Yoga.

“Dhanvantari” Award

Why in News?

Tarachand Sharma, a Nadi Vaidya from Rajasthan, has received the top award from the Government of India.

About the Event:

• This award was presented by the Union AYUSH Minister at the Dhanvantari Award distribution ceremony on 20 February 2025 in Mumbai.
• It recognises individuals who have made outstanding contributions to the field of Ayurveda.
• He was awarded a prize of Rs 5 lakh, a citation, a shawl, and a coconut.

About the winner:

• Tarachand Sharma is from the town of Bissau in Jhunjhunu district.
• He has received numerous awards and titles in Ayurveda.
• He is well-known as a specialist in pulse diagnosis.
• Many of his books are part of the curriculum at various Ayurveda universities.

Understanding Ayurveda:

• The term Ayurveda comes from AYU (meaning life) and VEDA (meaning science or knowledge), translating to the science of life.
• It focuses on human health and well-being, considering ecological aspects as well.
• Ayurveda has three main branches:
  • Nara Ayurveda. focuses on human life.
  • Satva Ayurveda. focuses on animal life and its diseases.
  • Vriksha Ayurveda. focuses on plant life, its growth, and diseases.
• Ayurveda is not just a system of medicine; it is a way of life aimed at achieving complete positive health and spiritual growth.

Aaju Guja: Bikaner's First Children's Festival

Children's Festival

Why in News?

On February 22-23, 2025, Bikaner, Rajasthan, witnessed its inaugural Children's Festival, 'Aaju Guja.' This vibrant event was organized by the district administration to celebrate and showcase various art forms for children.

Festival Highlights

The festival brought together over 50 artists from different parts of the country, offering a rich tapestry of performances and activities. Children were introduced to a wide range of art forms, including dance, music, and painting, through engaging and interactive sessions.

Arts and Crafts Activities

The festival featured a diverse array of performances that captivated the young audience. Some of the highlights included:

• Puppetry: Traditional and contemporary puppet shows that entertained and educated children.
• Storytelling: Engaging tales that sparked imagination and creativity.
• Theatre: Skits and plays that conveyed important messages in a fun way.
• Painting: Interactive painting sessions that encouraged self-expression.
• Mime: Silent performances that conveyed stories through gestures.
• Clown Acts: Humorous performances that brought laughter and joy.
• Magic Shows: Illusionists who amazed children with their tricks.
• Ventriloquism: Performances that showcased the art of speaking without moving one's lips.
• Kavad:. traditional storytelling form using painted boxes.
• Bioscope:. vintage form of entertainment using a hand-cranked projector.
• Folk Music and Dance: Traditional performances that celebrated regional culture.

National Book Trust (NBT)

• Exhibition of Children’s Literature: Various publishers, including Pratham, Eklavya, Amar Chitra Katha, Adidev, Raj Comics, and Callastic, showcased their children’s literature.
• Objectives of NBT: NBT aims to produce and promote quality literature in multiple languages, making it accessible at reasonable prices. They also organize book fairs, exhibitions, and seminars to encourage a reading culture.

Exercise Desert Hunt 2025

Why in News?

From February 24 to 28, 2025, the Indian Air Force organized an integrated Tri-Service Special Forces exercise called Exercise Desert Hunt 2025 at Air Force Station Jodhpur.

Participation of Special Forces:

• Elite Para (Special Forces) of the Indian Army
• Marine Commandos (MARCOS) of the Indian Navy
• Garud (Special Forces) of the Indian Air Force

These elite units operated in a simulated combat environment, executing joint missions to enhance their operational capabilities.

Objectives and Key Focus Areas:

• The primary objectives of the exercise were to improve interoperability, coordination, and synergy among the three Special Forces units, ensuring a swift and effective response to emerging security challenges.
• The exercise included a variety of high-intensity drills such as:
  • Airborne insertion
  • Precision strikes
  • Hostage rescue operations
  • Counter-terrorism missions
  • Combat free falls
  • Urban warfare scenarios

The Special Forces operated under realistic conditions to test their combat readiness and effectiveness in various scenarios.

Supervision and Strategic Significance:

Senior military officials supervised the exercise to validate joint operational doctrines and ensure the effectiveness of the training.

Exercise Desert Hunt 2025 reinforced the Indian Armed Forces’ commitment to national security through collaborative training and inter-service cooperation, enhancing their readiness to address complex security challenges.

Kota Cares Initiative

Student Welfare Initiative

Why in News?

The Kota district administration has introduced a comprehensive set of reforms aimed at enhancing student welfare throughout the city.

About Kota Cares Initiative:

• ‘Kota Cares’ is a joint effort involving the district administration, coaching institutes, hostel associations, and local communities, launched in December 2023.
• The initiative aims to improve the educational environment in Kota and can serve as a model for similar efforts in educational institutions across the country.

New Guidelines and Features

Housing and Financial Aid

• Elimination of security and caution fees in 4,000 hostels.
• Cap on maintenance charges at Rs 2,000 per year.
• Provision of receipts for all payments to parents.
• Establishment of clear guidelines for room changes and leave policies.

Safety Measures

• Mandatory training for hostel staff as gatekeepers.
• Installation of modern security systems, including CCTV surveillance and biometric access.
• Special provisions for women’s hostels, including the presence of women wardens.
• Certification required for anti-hanging devices and No Objection Certificates (NOC) for fire safety.
• Regular night attendance checks through personal room visits.

Student Welfare Initiatives

• Free access to Chambal Riverfront and Oxygen Zone.
• Designation of recreational areas in all hostels.
• Availability of food services during mid-term holidays.
• Establishment of a Kota Cares Help Desk at railway stations and bus terminals.
• Creation of a citywide network of student support centres.