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Causes of Differences in Development

  • Economic development refers to the sustainable enhancement of living standards within a country, usually characterized by improvements in life expectancy, educational attainment, and income levels.
    • Two key metrics employed to assess development are the real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and the Human Development Index (HDI). These measures help in evaluating the well-being of a population.
  • Nations exist at various stages of development, with economists utilizing diverse criteria to differentiate between them. 
    • For instance, the HDI classifies development into five categories based on HDI scores:
      • Low human development (<0.550)>
      • Medium human development (0.550–0.699)
      • High human development (0.700–0.799)
      • Very high human development (>0.800)
  • Discrepancies in development arise due to a multitude of factors, including disparities in income levels, productivity rates, population growth dynamics, the proportions of the primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors, levels of saving and investment, as well as the quality of education and healthcare systems.

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Causes of Differences in Development

Reasons for Differences in Development | Economics for GCSE/IGCSE - Year 11

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FAQs on Reasons for Differences in Development - Economics for GCSE/IGCSE - Year 11

1. What are some common causes of differences in development between countries?
Ans. Some common causes of differences in development between countries include unequal distribution of resources, political instability, corruption, lack of infrastructure, and inadequate education and healthcare systems.
2. How do historical factors contribute to differences in development?
Ans. Historical factors such as colonization, wars, and past economic policies can impact a country's development by affecting its infrastructure, economy, and social systems, leading to disparities in development outcomes.
3. What role does geography play in influencing development disparities among countries?
Ans. Geography can influence development disparities among countries by affecting factors such as access to natural resources, climate conditions, and geographical barriers that can hinder trade and infrastructure development.
4. How does globalization impact differences in development between nations?
Ans. Globalization can both exacerbate and alleviate differences in development between nations by facilitating international trade, technology transfer, and investment, but it can also lead to economic inequalities and cultural homogenization.
5. How do social and cultural factors contribute to disparities in development outcomes worldwide?
Ans. Social and cultural factors such as gender inequality, ethnicity, religious beliefs, and social norms can influence development outcomes by affecting access to education, healthcare, and economic opportunities, leading to disparities in development between countries.
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