Relational Algebra Basics - 5 Video Lecture | Question Bank for GATE Computer Science Engineering - Computer Science Engineering (CSE)

Relational algebra is a procedural query language used to retrieve and manipulate data stored in relational databases. It provides a set of operators that can be applied to relations (tables) to perform various operations like selection, projection, join, union, intersection, and difference.

The basic operators in relational algebra are: - Selection: It selects tuples from a relation that satisfy a given condition. - Projection: It selects specific attributes (columns) from a relation. - Union: It combines two relations to form a new relation that includes all tuples from both relations, eliminating duplicates. - Intersection: It returns a relation that contains common tuples from two relations. - Difference: It returns a relation that contains tuples from one relation but not from the other. - Join: It combines two relations based on a common attribute to produce a new relation. - Division: It returns a relation that contains tuples from one relation that can be matched with all tuples from another relation.

Relational algebra and SQL are both query languages used to manipulate relational databases, but they have some differences. Relational algebra is a procedural language, whereas SQL is a declarative language. In relational algebra, we specify how to retrieve the data step by step using operators, while in SQL, we specify what data we want to retrieve without specifying how to do it. Relational algebra operates on relations (tables), while SQL operates on both relations and their attributes. Additionally, SQL has additional features like data manipulation (insert, update, delete) and data definition (create, alter, drop) that are not present in relational algebra.

The join operator in relational algebra is used to combine two relations based on a common attribute to produce a new relation. It allows us to retrieve data from multiple tables by matching values in the specified attribute. The join operation is useful when we want to retrieve data that is spread across multiple tables and is related based on a common attribute. The result of the join operation is a new relation that includes attributes from both tables and contains tuples that have matching values in the specified attribute.

Relational algebra provides a theoretical foundation for the design and implementation of database management systems (DBMS). It allows us to define and manipulate relations (tables) using a set of well-defined operations. DBMSs use relational algebra to process queries and retrieve data from the database efficiently. The operators of relational algebra are used to perform operations like selection, projection, join, and more, which are essential for data retrieval and manipulation in DBMSs. Relational algebra also helps in optimizing query execution by providing a formal framework for query optimization techniques.