Ans: (d)
Vaults are not a natural or traditional contraceptive method. They refer to barrier methods such as cervical caps, which are modern contraceptive devices used to prevent sperm from entering the uterus, unlike natural methods like coitus interruptus, periodic abstinence, and lactational amenorrhea that rely on behavioral practices without the use of physical devices.
Q2: Match List I with List II (NEET 2024)
Choose the correct answer from the option given below:
(a) A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV
(b) A-I, B-III, C-IV, D-II
(c) A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III
(d) A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
Ans: (d)
Let's analyze each item in List-I and find the appropriate match from List-II:
Non-medicated IUD - This type of intrauterine device (IUD) does not contain any hormones or active pharmaceutical ingredients. It solely relies on the presence of a foreign body within the uterus to prevent pregnancy. A representative example of a non-medicated IUD is Lippes loop, which is an inert, flexible plastic loop. Therefore, A corresponds to III.
Copper releasing IUD - These IUDs release a small amount of copper into the uterus, which enhances contraceptive efficacy. Multiload 375 is a typical example of a copper-releasing IUD as it includes a copper component. Thus, B corresponds to I.
Hormone releasing IUD - These IUDs release a hormone to prevent pregnancy. One well-known hormone releasing IUD is LNG-20, also known as Mirena, which releases levonorgestrel, a type of progestogen, directly into the uterus. Consequently, C corresponds to IV.
Implants - These are typically small rods containing progestin that are implanted under the skin. Since the description coincides with the progestogens' action (such as Norplant), D corresponds to II.
Based on the analysis:
A corresponds to III (Lippes loop).
B corresponds to I (Multiload 375).
C corresponds to IV (LNG-20).
D corresponds to II (Progestogens).
Therefore, the correct matches for the options are: Option D: A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
Q3: Which of the following is NOT an example of Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART)? (NEET 2024)
(a) IVF
(b) GIFT
(c) IUI
(d) IUD
Ans: (d)
(a) IVF (In Vitro Fertilization): A widely known ART where an egg is fertilized by sperm outside the body and then implanted in the uterus.
(b) GIFT (Gamete Intra-Fallopian Transfer): Another ART method where eggs and sperm are placed directly into the fallopian tubes to facilitate fertilization.
(c) IUI (Intrauterine Insemination): A procedure that involves placing sperm directly into a woman's uterus to increase the chances of fertilization.
(d) IUD (Intrauterine Device): A form of contraception that is inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy, but it is not a method of ART.
Q4: Match List-I with List-II relating to examples of various kind of IUDs and barrier : (NEET 2024)
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(a) A - II, B - IV, C - I, D - III
(b) A - IV, B - III, C - I, D - II
(c) A - II, B - I, C - III, D - IV
(d) A - II, B - IV, C - I, D - III
Ans: (d)
A. Copper releasing IUD – II. Multiload 375
Multiload 375 is a commonly used copper IUD which releases copper ions to prevent fertilization.
B. Non-medicated IUD – IV. Lippes loop
Lippes loop is an older type of IUD without any drug or hormone, hence non-medicated.
C. Contraceptive barrier – I. Vaults
Vaults are mechanical barriers placed in the vagina to block sperm entry.
D. Hormone releasing IUD – III. LNG-20
LNG-20 is a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device, a hormonal IUD.
Thus, option (d) is the correct match.
Q5: Following is a list of STDs. Select the diseases which are not completely curable. (NEET 2024)
A. Genital warts
B. Genital herpes
C. Syphilis
D. Hepatitis-B
E. Trichomoniasis
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(a) A and D only
(b) B and D only
(c) A and C only
(d) D and E only
Ans: (b)
Genital herpes and Hepatitis-B are caused by viruses and are not completely curable, though symptoms can be managed.
Syphilis and Trichomoniasis are caused by bacteria and protozoa respectively and are curable with appropriate antibiotics.
Genital warts, caused by HPV, may recur even after treatment. However, in many cases, they can be managed and may clear over time.
Hence, B (Genital herpes) and D (Hepatitis-B) are not completely curable.
Q1: Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion A and other is labelled as Reason R. [NEET 2023]
Assertion A : Amniocentesis for sex determination is one of the strategies of Reproductive and Child Health Care Programme.
Reason R : Ban on amniocentesis checks increasing menace of female foeticide.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true and R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Ans. (d)
It was banned in India around 1994 under the Pre-Conception and Prenatal Diagnostic Techniques Act, which is an Act of the Parliament of India enacted to stop female foeticides and arrest the declining sex ratio in India.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Q2: Which one of the following common sexually transmitted diseases is completely curable when detected early and treated properly? [NEET 2023]
(a) HIV Infection
(b) Genital herpes
(c) Gonorrhoea
(d) Hepatitis-B
Ans: (c)
(a) HIV Infection: Currently, there is no cure for HIV, although it can be managed with antiretroviral therapy.
(b) Genital Herpes: This condition is caused by the herpes simplex virus and is not curable, though symptoms can be managed.
(c) Gonorrhoea: This bacterial infection is completely curable with the right antibiotics when detected early.
(d) Hepatitis-B: While there are treatments available, Hepatitis-B is not completely curable; it can be managed but may remain in the body.
Q3: Match List I with List II [NEET 2023]
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(a) A-IV B-II C-I D-III
(b) A-III B-I C-IV D-II
(c) A-III B-IV C-II D-I
(d) A-II B-III C-I D-IV
Ans: (c)
A. Vasectomy: III. Surgical method - This is a permanent method of male sterilization.
B. Coitus interruptus: IV. Natural method - This involves withdrawal before ejaculation.
C. Cervical caps: II. Barrier method - These are used to block sperm from entering the uterus.
D. Saheli: I. Oral method - This is a contraceptive pill taken orally.
Q4: Which of the following sexually transmitted infections are completely curable? [NEET 2023]
(a) HIV infection and Trichomoniasis
(b) Syphilis and Trichomoniasis
(c) Hepatitis-B and Genital herpes
(d) Genital Herpes and Genital warts
Ans: (b)
(a) HIV infection and Trichomoniasis: HIV is not curable, making this option incorrect.
(b) Syphilis and Trichomoniasis: Both of these infections can be completely cured with appropriate antibiotics.
(c) Hepatitis-B and Genital herpes: Neither of these infections is completely curable; they can be managed but not eradicated.
(d) Genital Herpes and Genital warts: Both are manageable but not curable, making this option incorrect.
Q5: Match List - I with List - II [NEET 2023]
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(a) (A)-(IV) (B)-(III) (C)-(I) (D)-(II)
(b) (A)-(II) (B)-(IV) (C)-(III) (D)-(I)
(c) (A)-(III) (C)-(I) (C)-(IV) (D)-(II)
(d) (A)-(III) (D)-(IV) (C)-(II) (D)-(I)
Ans: (c)
(A) Non-medicated IUDs: III. Lippes loop - This is a type of non-medicated IUD.
(B) Copper releasing IUDs: I. Multiload 375 - This is a specific type of copper-releasing IUD.
(C) Hormone releasing IUDs: IV. LNG-20 - This is a hormone-releasing IUD.
(D) Vaults: II. Rubber barrier - This refers to barrier methods that prevent sperm from reaching the egg.
Q6: Given below are two statements: [NEET 2023]
I: Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) is another specialized procedure of in-vivo fertilization.
II: Infertility cases due to the inability of the male partner to inseminate the female can be corrected by Artificial Insemination (AI).
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(a) Statement I is correct but Statement II is false
(b) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is true
(c) Both Statement I and Statement II are true
(d) Both Statement I and Statement II are false
Ans: (b)
Statement I says ICSI (Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection) is an in-vivo fertilization method. This is incorrect because ICSI is actually an in-vitro (outside the body) technique. In this method, a sperm is directly injected into an egg in a lab.
Statement II says that if a male cannot inseminate naturally, artificial insemination (AI) can help. This is correct. AI is used to insert sperm into the female reproductive tract when natural insemination is not possible.
Q7: Which of the following statements are correct? [NEET 2023]
A. Reproductive health refers to total well-being in all aspects of reproduction
B. Amniocentesis is legally banned for sex determination in India
C. "Saheli" – an oral contraceptive for females was developed in collaboration with ICMR (New Delhi)
D. Amniocentesis is used to determine genetic disorders and survivability of foetus
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
(a) (B) and (C) only
(b) (D) and (C) only
(c) (A), (B) and (D) only
(d) (A) and (C) only
Ans: (c)
A: Reproductive health includes physical, emotional, social well-being – ✔️ True
B: Amniocentesis (a prenatal test) is banned for sex determination in India to prevent female foeticide – ✔️ True
C: "Saheli" is a birth control pill developed by CDRI (Central Drug Research Institute), not ICMR – ❌ False
D: Amniocentesis is used to detect genetic disorders and health of fetus – ✔️ True
Q1: Which of the following is not an Intra Uterine Device?
(a) Progestasert
(b) B Progestogens
(c) Multiload 375
(d) Lippes loop [NEET 2022 Phase 2]
Ans: (b)
Option (b) is the correct answer as progestogens are the synthetic forms of progesterone.
Option (a) is not the answer as progestasert is an hormone releasing IUD.
Option (c) is not the answer as Multiload-375 is a copper releasing IUD.
Option (d) is not the answer as Lippes loop is an inert IUD.
Q2: IUDs are small objects made up of plastic or copper that are inserted in the uterine cavity. Which of the following statements are correct about IUDs ? [NEET 2022 Phase 2]
a. IUDs decrease phagocytosis of sperm within the uterus.
b. The released copper ions suppress the sperm motility.
c. IUDs do not make the cervix hostile to the sperm.
d. IUDs suppress the fertilization capacity of sperm.
e. The IUDs require surgical intervention for their insertion in the uterine cavity.
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
A. a, b and e only
B. (b) and (c) only
C. (b) and (d) only
D. (d) only
Ans: C
(a) IUDs increase phagocytosis of sperm within the uterus.
(b) The released copper ions suppress the sperm motility.
(c) IUDs make the cervix hostile to the sperm.
(d) IUDs suppress the fertilisation capacity of sperms.
(e) The IUDs do not require surgical intervention for their insertion into the uterine cavity.
Q3: Lippe's loop is a type of contraceptive used as: [NEET 2022]
(a) Vault barrier
(b) Non-Medicated IUD
(c) Copper releasing IUD
(d) Cervical barrier
Ans. (b)
Lippes loop is a plastic double “S” loop.
It attracts the macrophages stimulating them to accumulate in the uterine cavity.
Macrophages increase phagocytosis of sperms within the uterus and act as a contraceptive.
Q4: Match List-I with List-II with respect to methods of Contraception and their respective actions. [NEET 2022]
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(A) (a) - (iv), (b) - (i), (c) - (ii), (d) - (iii)
(B) (a) - (ii), (b) - (iv), (c) - (i), (d) - (iii)
(C) (a) - (iii), (b) - (ii), (c) - (i), (d) - (iv)
(D) (a) - (iv), (b) - (i), (c) - (iii), (d) - (ii)
Ans. (a)
IUDs (Intrauterine Devices) are made of plastic, metal, or a combination of the two and are inserted into the uterus to prevent conception. IUDs increase phagocytosis of sperms within the uterus and the hormone releasing IUDs make the uterus unsuitable for implantation and the cervix hostile to the sperms.
Lactational Amenorrhea is also a natural method of birth control where there is no menstrual cycle and therefore ovulation does not occur during intense lactation following parturition.
Q1: Which of the following is hormone-releasing IUD? [NEET 2021]
(a) LNG-20
(b) Multiload-375
(c) Lippes loop
(d) Cu-7
Ans. (a)
LNG 20
Q2: Venereal diseases can spread through: [NEET 2021]
(i) Using sterile needles
(ii) Transfusion of blood from infected person
(iii) Infected mother to foetus
(iv) Kissing
(v) Inheritance
Choose the correct answer from the options given below.
(a) (ii) and (iii) only
(b) (i) and (iii) only
(c) (i), (ii) and (iii)
(d) (ii), (iii) and (iv)
Ans. (a)
Q3: Match List-I with List-II [NEET 2021]Choose the correct answer from the options given below.
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(a) (ii) (iv) (iii) (i)
(b) (iii) (i) (iv) (ii)
(c) (iv) (ii) (i) (iii)
(d) (i) (iii) (ii) (iv)
Ans. (d)
Vasectomy
Tubectomy
Q1: In which of the following techniques, the embryos are transferred to assist those females who cannot conceive? [NEET 2020]
(a) ICSI and ZIFT
(b) GIFT and ICSI
(c) ZIFT and IUT
(d) GIFT and ZIFT
Ans. (c)
ART in which embryos are transferred, include ZIFT and IUT i.e. Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer and Intra Uterine Transfer respectively, both are embryo transfer (ET) methods.
Q1: Which of the following contraceptive methods involve the role of hormones?
(a) Pill, Emergency contraception, Barrier methods
(b) Lactational amenorrhea, Pills, Emergency contraceptives
(c) Barrier method, Lactational amenorrhea pills
(d) Cut, Pills, Emergency contraceptive [NEET 2019]
Ans. (b)
In lactational amenorrhea, due to high prolactin level, gonadotropin level decreases. Oral pills are either progestogens or progestin-estrogen combinations used by females. Emergency contraceptive includes administration of progestogens or progestogen-estrogen combination or IUDs within 72 hours of coitus. So, lactational amenorrhea, oral pills and emergency contraceptives involve the role of hormones.
Contraceptive pills are the pills, which are taken orally to prevent pregnancy. The choice of pills is made on the basis of menstrual symptoms, breastfeeding, cardiovascular health, chronic conditions or any other medicines. There are various types of pills. Types of oral contraceptives are:
Combination pills are synthetic hormones like estrogen and progestin. These pills are active at the active part of the cycle containing hormones and those used in inactive times are known as non-hormonal. These pills prevent the body from ovulating. Few examples of combination pills are Levora, Beyaz, etc. Progestin pills contain progestin without estrogen. They are called mini pills. All the pills in the cycle are active. It doesn’t allow implantation, which will prevent a growing pregnancy. For example, Camila, Errin.
Hence, the correct answer is option B.
Q2: Select the horomone-releasing Intra-Uterine Devices.
(a) Progestasert, LNG-20
(b) Lippes Loop, Multiload 375
(c) Vaults, LNG-20
(d) Multiload 375, Progestasert [NEET 2019]
Ans: (a)
Progestasert, and LNG-20 are hormone releasing IUDs, which makes the uterus unsuitable for implantation and the cervix hostile to the sperms.
Q1: The contraceptive ‘Saheli’: [NEET 2018]
(a) Blocks estrogen receptors in the uterus, preventing eggs from getting implanted.
(b) Increases the concentration of estrogen and prevents ovulation in females.
(c) Is an IUD
(d) Is a post-coital contraceptive.
Ans. (a)
Saheli is a mini pill that contains a nonsteroidal preparation called centchroman, which is taken once a week after an initial intake of twice a week for 3 months. It blocks estrogen receptors in the uterus hence alters uterine lining and prevents fertilized eggs from being implanted.
Q1: Match the following sexually transmitted diseases (Column I) with their causative agents (Column II) and select the correct option. [NEET 2017]
Ans. (d)
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a chronic, potentially life-threatening condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
Q2: The function of copper ions in copper releasing IUDs is:
(a) They inhibit gametogenesis
(b) They make the uterus unsuitable for implantation
(c) They inhibit ovulation
(d) They suppress sperm motility and fertilization capacity of sperm. [NEET 2017]
Ans. (d)
Cu2+ interfere in the sperm movement, which suppress the sperm motility and fertilising capacity of sperms.
Q1: Which of the following is hormone releasing IUD ?
(a) Lippes loop
(b) LNG-20
(c) Cu7
(d) Multiload 375 [NEET 2016 Phase 2]
Ans: (b)
LNG-20 is the hormone releasing IUD, multiload 375 and Cu7 are copper releasing IUDs and Lippes loop is a non-medicated IUD.
Q2: Which of the following is incorrect regarding vasectomy?
(a) No sperm occurs in seminal fluid
(b) No sperm occurs in the epididymis
(c) Vasa deferentia is cut and tied
(d) Irreversible sterility [NEET 2016]
Ans. (b)
Vasectomy is a surgical contraception method performed in males. In vasectomy, a small part of the vas deferens is removed or tied up through a small cut on the scrotum. This prevents sperm transport. Vasectomy has a poor reversibility. There is no effect on libido and erectile functioning. Seminal vesicles are one pair of sac like structures which join vasa deferentia to form ejaculatory duct. They secrete seminal fluid which contains fructose, prostaglandins and clotting protein, but no sperms. In a male who has undergone vasectomy, the ejaculatory duct will receive seminal fluid but due to cut in vasa deferentia sperms will not be transported from epididymis hence the semen will lack sperms.
Q3: Embryo with more than 16 blastomeres formed due to in Vitro fertilization is transferred into [NEET 2016]
(a) Uterus
(b) Fallopian tube
(c) Fimbriae
(d) Cervix
Ans. (a)
Embryo with more than 16 blastomeres formed due to in vitro fertilisation is transferred into uterus (intra-uterine transfer, IUT).
Q4: In the context of amniocentesis, which of the following statements is incorrect?
(a) It can be used for the detection of Down’s syndrome.
(b) It can be used for the detection of cleft palate.
(c) It is usually done when a woman is between 14-16 weeks pregnant.
(d) It is used for prenatal sex determination. [NEET 2016 Phase 1]
Ans. (b)
Amniocentesis (also referred to as amniotic fluid test or AFT) is a medical procedure used in prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities and fetal infections, and also used for sex determination in which a small amount of amniotic fluid, which contains fetal tissues, is sampled from the amniotic sac. Cleft palate is a developmental abnormality which can only be detected by sonography.
Q5: Which of the following approaches does not give the defined action of contraceptive?
(a) Barrier methods prevent fertilization
(b) Intrauterine Increase phagocytosis devices of sperms, suppress sperm motility and fertilizing capacity of sperms
(c) Hormonal Prevent/retard entry of contraceptives sperms, prevent ovulation and fertilization
(d) Vasectomy Prevents spermatogenesis [NEET 2016 Phase 1]
Ans. (d)
Vasectomy is a surgical procedure for male sterilization or permanent contraception. During the procedure, the male vas deferens are severed and then tied or sealed in a manner so as to prevent sperm from entering into the seminal stream (ejaculate) and thereby prevent fertilization.
Q1: A childless couple can be assisted to have a child through a technique called GIFT. The full form of this technique is :
(a) Gamete intra fallopian transfer
(b) Gamete internal fertilization and transfer
(c) Germ cell internal fallopian transfer
(d) Gamete inseminated fallopian transfer [NEET 2015 / AIPMT 2015]
Ans. (a)
Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer (GIFT) is an assisted reproductive technology in which both the sperm and unfertilised oocytes are transferred into the Fallopian tubes. Fertilisation takes place in vivo (inside the body of the female).
Q2: Which of the following is not a sexually transmitted desease?
(a) Trichomoniasis
(b) Syphilis
(c) Encephalitis
(d) Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) [AIPMT 2015 Cancelled Paper]
Ans: (c)
Encephalitis is a disease of inflammation of the brain. It is not transmitted sexually. Most commonly it is caused by a virus.
Q3: Which of the following viruses is not transferred through semen of an infected male?
(a) Ebola virus
(b) Chikungunya virus
(c) Hepatitis B virus
(d) Human immunodeficiency virus [AIPMT 2015 Cancelled Paper]
Ans: (b)
The virus of chikunguniya is Arbovirus transmitted by Aedes mosquito. In this disease the patient feels fever lasting 2-7 days.
Q1: Tubectomy is a method of sterilization in which: [NEET 2014 / AIPMT 2014]
(a) Small part of the fallopian tube is removed or tied up.
(b) Ovaries are removed surgically.
(c) Small part of vas deferens is removed or tied up.
(d) Uterus is removed surgically. [NEET 2014 / AIPMT 2014]
Ans. (a)
Tubectomy also referred to as tubal sterilization is a surgical procedure done on women as a permanent method of contraception. In this method, fallopian tubes are removed or tied up so that the ova or eggs are prevented from travelling to the uterus from the ovary. This prevents any future pregnancy from occurring after the surgical procedure.
Q3: Which of the following is a hormone releasing Intra Uterine Device (IUD)?
(a) Vault
(b) Cervical cap
(c) LNG − 20
(d) Multiload 375
Ans: (c)
At present the most widely accepted method of contraception in India is IUDs. Intra uterine devices (IUDs) are plastic or metal objects which are inserted by doctors in the uterus through vagina. These are available as non-medicated IUDs (i.e., Lippes loop), copper releasing IUDs (CuT, Cu7, Multiload 375) and hormone releasing IUDs (progestasert, LNG-20). Vault cap is hemispheric dome like rubber or plastic cap with a thick rim which is meant for fitting over the vaginal vault over the cervix.
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