NEET Previous Year Questions (2014-22): Reproductive Health - Notes | Study Biology Class 12 - NEET

Q.1. Lippe's loop is a type of contraceptive used as:     [NEET 2022]
(a) Vault barrier
(b) Non-Medicated IUD
(c) Copper releasing IUD
(d) Cervical barrier

Correct Answer is Option (b)
Lippe’s loop is an example of a non-medicated intrauterine device or IUD used in female contraception. Lippes loop is a plastic double “s” loop. It attracts the macrophages stimulating them to accumulate in the uterine cavity. Macrophages increase phagocytosis of sperms within the uterus and act as a contraceptive.

Q.2. Match List-I with List-II with respect to methods of Contraception and their respective actions.     [NEET 2022]

Choose the correct answer from the options given below: 
(A) (a) - (iv), (b) - (i), (c) - (ii), (d) - (iii) 
(B) (a) - (ii), (b) - (iv), (c) - (i), (d) - (iii) 
(C) (a) - (iii), (b) - (ii), (c) - (i), (d) - (iv) 
(D) (a) - (iv), (b) - (i), (c) - (iii), (d) - (ii)

Correct Answer is Option (a)
Diaphragm are dome-shaped rubber plastic covers that have to be fitted on the cervix in the female's vagina to check the entry of sperms into the uterus. Oral pills are the hormonal tablets are taken orally. These pills contain a combination of synthetic hormones like progesterone and estrogen. These hormones inhibit ovulation and implantation by inhibiting the secretion of FSH and LH from the pituitary gland. IUDs (Intrauterine Devices) are made of plastic, metal, or a combination of the two and are inserted into the uterus to prevent conception. IUDs increase phagocytosis of sperms within the uterus and the hormone releasing IUDs make the uterus unsuitable for implantation and the cervix hostile to the sperms. Lactational amenorrhea is also a natural method of birth control where there is no menstrual cycle and therefore ovulation does not occur during intense lactation following parturition.

Q.3. Which of the following is hormone-releasing IUD?     [NEET 2021]
(a) LNG-20
(b) Multiload-375
(c) Lippes loop
(d) Cu-7

Correct Answer is Option (a)

Another  effective and popular contraceptive method is the use of Intra Uterine Devices (IUDs).These Intra Uterine Devices are presently available as the non-medicated IUDs (e.g., Lippes loop), copper releasing IUDs (CuT, Cu7, Multiload 375) and the hormone releasing IUDs (Progestasert, LNG-20)
NCERT Reference: Page no. 60 (last paragraph) topic “4.2 POPULATION EXPLOSION AND BIRTH CONTROL” of chapter 4 of NCERT

Q.4. Venereal diseases can spread through:     [NEET 2021]
(a) Using sterile needles
(b) Transfusion of blood from infected person
(c) Infected mother to foetus
(d) Kissing
(e) Inheritance

Choose the correct answer from the options given below.
(a) (b) and (c) only
(b) (a) and (c) only
(c) (a), (b) and (c)
(d) (b), (c) and (d)

Correct Answer is Option (a)

Some of these infections like hepatitis–B and HIV can also be transmitted by sharing injection needles, surgical instruments, etc., with infected persons, transfusion of blood, or from an infected mother to the foetus too.
NCERT Reference: Page no. 63 topic “4.4 SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES (STDS)” of chapter 4 of NCERT

Q.5. Match List-I with List-II     [NEET 2021]

Choose the correct answer from the options given below.
     (a)  (b)  (c)  (d)
(a) (ii) (iv) (iii)  (i)
(b) (iii) (i) (iv)  (ii)
(c) (iv) (ii) (i)  (iii)
(d) (i) (iii) (ii)  (iv)

Correct Answer is Option (d)

• Diaphragms, cervical caps and vaults are also barriers made of rubber that are inserted into the female reproductive tract to cover the cervix during coitus.
• They prevent conception by blocking the entry of sperm through the cervix.
• IUDs increase phagocytosis of sperms within the uterus and the Cu ions released suppress sperm motility and the fertilising capacity of sperms.
• In vasectomy, a small part of the vas deferens is removed or tied up through a small incision on the scrotum 
• In tubectomy, a small part of the fallopian tube is removed or tied up through a small incision in the abdomen or through vagina.

NCERT Reference: Page 60,61 and 62 of topic “4.2 POPULATION EXPLOSION AND BIRTH CONTROL” of chapter 4 of NCERT

Q.6. In which of the following techniques, the embryos are transferred to assist those females who cannot conceive?     [NEET 2020]
(a) ICSI and ZIFT
(b) GIFT and ICSI
(c) ZIFT and IUT
(d) GIFT and ZIFT

Correct Answer is Option (c)

When females cannot conceive then embryo transfer is done by using ZIFT and IUT technique. In this method, ova from female & sperms from male are collected and are induced in the laboratory under simulated conditions to form a zygote. The zygote with up to 8 blastomeres is transferred into the fallopian tube through ZIFT or embryos with more than 8 blastomeres are transferred into the uterus through IUT.

NCERT Reference: Page no. 64 (2nd paragraph) of “In vitro fertilisation” of chapter 16 of NCERT

Q.7. Select the option including all sexually transmitted diseases.      [NEET 2020]
(a) AIDS, Malaria, filaria
(b) Cancer, AIDS, syphilis
(c) Gonorrhoea, Syphilis, Genital Herpes
(d) Gonorrhoea, Syphilis, Genital Herpes

Correct Answer is Option (c)

Diseases or infections which are transmitted through sexual intercourse are collectively called sexually transmitted diseases (STD) or venereal diseases (VD) or reproductive tract infections (RTI). 

• Gonorrhoea, syphilis, genital herpes, chlamydiasis, genital warts, trichomoniasis, hepatitis-B.
• Malaria, Filaria are caused by the transmission of the parasite through the mosquitoes which act as a vector.
• AIDS is a disease caused by the HIV virus and can be transmitted by several methods (through bodily fluids).
• Cancer is the uncontrollable cell division that leads to the formation of tumour and the causes can be several factors such as physical, chemical, and biological factors called carcinogens.

NCERT Reference: Page no. 63 of topic “4.4 SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES (STDS)” of chapter 4 of NCERT

Q.8. Which of the following contraceptive methods involve the role of hormones?      [NEET 2019]
(a) Pill, Emergency contraception, Barrier methods
(b) Lactational amenorrhea, Pills, Emergency contraceptives
(c) Barrier method, Lactational amenorrhea pills
(d) Cut, Pills, Emergency contraceptive

Correct Answer is Option (b)

• Lactational amenorrhea method is based on the fact that ovulation and therefore the menstrual cycle does not occur during the period of intense lactation following parturition. This is because breastfeeding disrupts the pulsatile release of GnRH from the hypothalamus and reduces gonadotropin-releasing hormones.
• Pills are hormonal preparations (either progesterone or progestogen- estrogen combinations) in the form of tablets which are administered orally by females. They inhibit ovulation, implantation as well as alter the quality of cervical mucus. 
• Emergency contraceptives are pills that contain levonorgestrel, a type of progestin that helps to prevent pregnancy when taken in few days after sexual intercourse.

NCERT Reference: Page no. 60 and 61 respectively of topic “4.2 POPULATION EXPLOSION AND BIRTH CONTROL” of chapter 4 of NCERT

Q.9. Which of the following sexually transmitted diseases is not completely curable?      [NEET 2019]
(a) Chlamydiosis
(b) Gonorrhoea
(c) Genital warts
(d) Genital herpes

Correct Answer is Option (d)

Antibiotics like tetracycline, erythromycin, and rifampicin are effective in chlamydiosis. Gonorrhea can be treated by antibiotics such as erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, etc. For treating genital warts, cryosurgery is used for removing warts. Genital herpes is an incurable STD.
NCERT Reference: Page no. 63 (2nd paragraph) of topic “4.4 SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES (STDS)” of chapter 4 of NCERT

Q.10. Which of the following is a correct statement?        [NEET 2019]
(a) IUDs once inserted need not be replaced.
(b) IUDs are generally inserted by the user herself.
(c) IUDs increase phagocytosis of sperms in the uterus.
(d) IUDs suppress gametogenesis.

Correct Answer is Option (c)

Doctors or expert nurses insert these devices in the uterus through the vagina.

There are three types of IUDs available:

 
(i) The non-medicated IUDs (e.g., Lippes loop) increase phagocytosis of the sperms.
(ii) Copper releasing IUDs (CuT, Cu7, Multiload 375). IUDs increase phagocytosis of sperms within the uterus and the Cu ions released suppress sperm motility and the fertilizing capacity of sperms.
(iii) The hormone-releasing IUDs 60 (Progestasert, LNG-20). The hormone-releasing IUDs, make the uterus unsuitable for implantation and the cervix hostile to sperms.
NCERT Reference: Page no. 60 of topic “4.2 POPULATION EXPLOSION AND BIRTH CONTROL” of chapter 4 of NCERT

Q.11. The contraceptive ‘Saheli’:       [NEET 2018]
(a) Blocks estrogen receptors in the uterus, preventing eggs from getting implanted.
(b) Increases the concentration of estrogen and prevents oblation in females.
(c) Is an IUD
(d) Is a post-coital contraceptive.

Correct Answer is Option (a)

Saheli is a mini pill that contains a nonsteroidal preparation called centchroman, which is taken once a week after an initial intake of twice a week for 3 months. It blocks estrogen receptors in the uterus hence alters uterine lining and prevents fertilized eggs from being implanted.
NCERT Reference: Page no. 61 of topic “4.2 POPULATION EXPLOSION AND BIRTH CONTROL” of chapter 4 of NCERT

Q.12. Match the following sexually transmitted diseases (Column I) with their causative agents (Column II) and select the correct option.      [NEET 2018]

Correct Answer is Option (d)

1. Gonorrhoea is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by infection with the Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacterium. N. gonorrhoeae infects the mucous membranes of the reproductive tract, including the cervix, uterus, and fallopian tubes in women, and the urethra in women and men.
2. Syphilis is a chronic infectious disease caused by the spirochaete Treponema pallidum. Syphilis is usually transmitted by sexual contact or from mother to infant, although endemic syphilis is transmitted by non-sexual contact in communities living under poor hygiene conditions.
3. Genital warts are caused by several of the epidermotropic human papillomaviruses (HPVs). HPV-6 and HPV-11 most commonly are isolated; 
4. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a chronic, potentially life-threatening condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

NCERT Reference: Page no. 63 of topic “4.4 SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES (STDS)” of chapter 4 of NCERT

Q.13. The function of copper ions in copper releasing IUDs is:       [NEET 2017]
(a) They inhibit gametogenesis
(b) They make the uterus unsuitable for implantation
(c) They inhibit ovulation
(d) They suppress sperm motility and fertilization capacity of sperm.

Correct Answer is Option (d)

Copper-releasing IUDs (i.e., CuT, LNG - 20) is placed in the uterus of the females. They are efficient birth control methods. Copper ions released by them suppress the motility and fertilization capacity of the sperms.
NCERT Reference: Page no. 60 (last paragraph) of topic “4.2 POPULATION EXPLOSION AND BIRTH CONTROL” of chapter 4 of NCERT

Q.14. In the case of a couple where the male is having a very low sperm count, which technique will be suitable for fertilization?        [NEET 2017]
(a) Gamete Intracytoplasmic Fallopian Transfer
(b) Artificial Insemination
(c) Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection
(d) Intrauterine Transfer

Correct Answer is Option (b)

Infertility cases due to the inability of the male partner to inseminate the female or due to very low sperm count in the ejaculates could be corrected by using the artificial insemination (AI) technique. 

In this procedure, semen is injected directly into the vagina or uterus. In this technique, the semen collected either from the husband or a healthy donor is artificially introduced either into the vagina or into the uterus of the female.
NCERT Reference: Page no. 64 (3rd paragraph) of topic “4.5 INFERTILITY” of chapter 4 of NCERT

Q.15. Which of the following is incorrect regarding vasectomy?       [NEET 2016]
(a) No sperm occurs in seminal fluid
(b) No sperm occurs in the epididymis
(c) Vasa deferentia is cut and tied
(d) Irreversible sterility

Correct Answer is Option (b)

Vasectomy is a surgical contraception method performed in males. 

• A small part of the vas deferens is removed or tied up through a small cut on the scrotum in a vasectomy.
• This prevents sperm transport.
• Vasectomy has poor reversibility.
• There is no effect on libido and erectile functioning.

Vasectomy in males

• In a male who has undergone a vasectomy, the ejaculatory duct will receive seminal fluid but due to a cut in the vas deferens sperm will not be transported from epididymis hence the semen will lack sperms.

NCERT Reference: Page no. 62 of topic “4.2 POPULATION EXPLOSION AND BIRTH CONTROL” of chapter 4 of NCERT

Q.16. Embryo with more than 16 blastomeres formed due to in Vitro fertilization is transferred into       [NEET 2016]
(a) Uterus
(b) Fallopian tube
(c) Fimbriae
(d) Cervix

Correct Answer is Option (a)

An embryo with more than 16 blastomeres formed due to in vitro fertilization is transferred into the uterus (intrauterine transfer, IUT).
NCERT Reference: Page no.64 (2nd paragraph) of topic “4.5 INFERTILITY” of chapter 4 of NCERT

Q.17. In the context of amniocentesis, which of the following statements is incorrect?         [NEET 2016]
(a) It can be used for the detection of Down’s syndrome.
(b) It can be used for the detection of cleft palate.
(c) It is usually done when a woman is between 14-16 weeks pregnant.
(d) It is used for prenatal sex determination.

Correct Answer is Option (b)
Amniocentesis is a fetal sex determination and disorder test based on the chromosomal pattern in the amniotic fluid surrounding the developing embryo.

• It can be used to determine the sex of the infant, to identify some abnormalities in the number of chromosomes, and to detect certain biochemicals and enzymatic abnormalities. 
• It is usually done when a woman is 14-16 weeks pregnant. 
• A Cleft palate is a developmental abnormality that can only be detected by sonography.

NCERT Reference: Page no. 62 (last paragraph) of topic “4.2 POPULATION EXPLOSION AND BIRTH CONTROL” of chapter 4 of NCERT

Q.18. Which of the following approaches does not give the defined action of contraceptive?       [NEET 2016]
(a) Barrier methods prevent fertilization
(b) Intrauterine Increase phagocytosis devices of sperms, suppress sperm motility and fertilizing capacity of sperms
(c) Hormonal Prevent/retard entry of contraceptives sperms, prevent ovulation and fertilization
(d) Vasectomy Prevents spermatogenesis

Correct Answer is Option (d)

• Vasectomy is a sterilization technique for males in which a small part of the vas deferens is removed or tied up through a small cut on the scrotum to prevent the passage of sperms. Spermatogenesis is the series of cell division in the testis that results in spermatozoa or sperms production.
• In barrier methods, ovum and spermatozoa are prevented from coming closer with the help of barriers so that fertilization does not occur. 
• Intrauterine devices increase phagocytosis of spermatozoa within the uterus and the Cu ions released by some IUDs suppress motility of sperms as well as their fertilizing capacity. In addition, the hormone-releasing IUDs turns the cervix hostile to spermatozoa and brings changes in the uterus, making it unsuitable for implantation.
• Birth control pills(oral contraceptives) check ovulation in females by inhibiting the secretion of FSH and LH necessary for ovulation.

NCERT Reference: Page 60,61 and 62 of topic “4.2 POPULATION EXPLOSION AND BIRTH CONTROL” of chapter 4 of NCERT

Q.19. Ectopic pregnancies are referred to as:        [NEET 2015]
(a) Implantation of the embryo at a site other than the uterus.
(b) Implantation of the defective embryo in the uterus
(c) Pregnancies terminated due to hormonal imbalance.
(d) Pregnancies with a genetic abnormality.

Correct Answer is Option (a)

In ectopic pregnancies, the implantation of the embryo does not occur in the uterus but at another site.

Q.20. Tubectomy is a method of sterilization in which:        [NEET 2014] 
(a) Small part of the fallopian tube is removed or tied up.
(b) Ovaries are removed surgically.
(c) Small part of vas deferens is removed or tied up.
(d) Uterus is removed surgically.

Correct Answer is Option (a)

Tubectomy also referred to as tubal sterilization is a surgical procedure done on women as a permanent method of contraception. In this method, fallopian tubes are removed or tied up so that the ova or eggs are prevented from travelling to the uterus from the ovary. This prevents any future pregnancy from occurring after the surgical procedure.

NCERT Reference: Page no. 62 of topic “4.2 POPULATION EXPLOSION AND BIRTH CONTROL” of chapter 4 of NCERT

Q.21. Assisted reproductive technology, IVF involves the transfer of:      [NEET 2014]
(a) Ovum into the fallopian tube.
(b) Zygote into the fallopian tube.
(c) Zygote into the uterus.
(d) Embryo with 16 blastomeres into the fallopian tube.

Correct Answer is Option (b)

IVF (In-vitro Fertilization) is the process of fertilization by manually combining an egg and sperm in a laboratory dish. The process involves monitoring and stimulating a woman's ovulatory process, removing ovum or ova (egg or eggs) from the woman's ovaries, and letting sperm fertilize them in a fluid medium in a laboratory. The fertilized egg (zygote) is cultured for 2-6 days in a growth medium and is then transferred to the mother's uterus with the intention of establishing a successful pregnancy.
NCERT Reference: Page no. 64 (2nd paragraph) of topic “4.5 INFERTILITY” of chapter 4 of NCERT.