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PointsTo Remember
Social Structure:- It refers to the way the various parts are organized and follows stable patterns of collective rules, roles, and activities. There are underlying regularities in how people behave and the relationship they have with one another.
Social stratification indicates patterns of inequality. People with superior position have certain privileges.
Understanding social processes in sociology
According to the functionalist perspective, human beings have to cooperate to meet their basic needs, to produce and to reproduce themselves and their world.
(i) the socialization of new members;
(ii) a shared system of communication;
(iii) methods of assigning individuals to roles.
Different parts of the society have a function or role to play for the maintenance and functioning within the system of production relations.
Example of how relation between cooperation, conflict and competition is complex : A study conducted among different sections of society to understand the attitude towards taking natal property shows that significant number of woman emphasized apprehension rather than affection by saying they would not claim full or any share of natal property because they were afraid this would sour relations with their brothers or cause brother’s wives to hate them, and that they would do longer be welcome to their natal homes. A woman demanding her share is considered to be a greedy shrew.
Definition of Accommodation : It would be seen as and effort to compromise and co-exist despite the conflict. In such a situation a woman would prefer not to claim property rights in their natal home.
Cooperation and Division of Labour
Division of Labours:- It implies dividing the complex work into smaller parts and distributing it among laborers on the basis of their skill specialization, age, gender etc. The role of division of labor implies cooperation to fulfill certain needs of society. Durkheim argued that without human cooperation it would be difficult for human life to survive. According to him, it is a law of nature and a moral rule of human conduct.
‘Social Solidarity’as given by Emile Durkheim :-
Mechanical Solidarity | Organic solidarity |
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Cooperation:- It means working together for common interest and goals. It is associative social process which is opposite to competition and conflict.
Competition:- It is a form of social action in which we strive against each other for possession of or use of limited material or nonmaterial goods.
Conflict:-
Blow chart on types of Conflict:
Types of Conflict
(i) Overt Conflict: The conflict appears as an overt clash only when it is openly expressed.
Example - The existence of a peasant movement is an overt expression of a deep-rooted conflict over land resources. But the absence of a movement does not imply the absence of a conflict.
(ii) Covert Conflict: The conflict appears as a covert clash only when Individual secretly develops strategies to cope with conflict and ensure cooperation.
Example - A study conducted among different sections of society to understand the attitude towards taking natal property shows that significant number of women emphasized apprehension rather than affection by saying they would not claim full or any share of natal property because they were afraid this would sour relations with their brothers or cause brothers’ wives to hate them, and that they would no longer be welcome to their natal homes. A woman demanding her share is considered to be a greedy shrew. When such conflicts are not property expressed they are termed as convert conflicts.
Competition as an Idea and Practice
Conflict and Cooperation
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